基于三维设计的机械制图课程教学改革研究

三维设计软件的普及实现了机械产品设计方法的变革,要求对机械制图课程的教学进行改革。通过三维实体设计进行分析,结合二维图样表达三维物体的传统设计方法的应用现状,提出机械制图课程的教学改革应基于三维设计,构建以三维实体设计为主线,三维实体表达方法和二维工程图表达方法并重的知识结构体系。     

金属磁记忆检测软件的设计及研制

基于面向对象技术和OpenGL三维图形库,以VC＋＋为开发平台,设计开发出一套金属磁记忆采样检测系统的数据处理软件,并对A3低碳扁平样件进行了采样实验,表明该软件能以二维模型和三维模型的形式显示采样结果,直观地显示出样件的变形和应力分布情况,而且可以对图形进行处理、打印、保存,界面友好,实用性强。     

基于MEMS加速度计的输入系统的研究

该文章介绍了一种新的电脑无线输入系统,使用MEMS微加速度计作为系统的敏感元器件.该输入系统包括发射端和接收端两个子系统.文章分别从工作原理、软硬件设计等方面介绍了该输入系统,包括所使用的微加速度计、微处理器和传输模块,并给出了输入系统的第一代实际PCB原型.并且在二维的基础上扩展了微加速度计在三维的应用,设计了一个新的三维模型,并进行了试验的验证.     

流形学习在三维人脸特征降维中的应用*

三维人脸识别是未来人脸识别的新方向,有望解决二维人脸识别的瓶颈问题;但三维人脸特征维数过高又制约了三维人脸识别的发展,特征降维意义重大。首先分析了传统降维算法的局限性和几种主要的流形学习算法,提出了将流形学习应用于三维人脸特征降维的思路,并构建了一个基于流形学习的三维人脸识别框架。     

Google SketchUp在GIS三维可视化中的研究

随着GIS产业的发展,人们更希望实现真三维GIS可视化及其空间信息的查询等传统GIS功能。Google SketchUp是一套快速建立三维模型的智能化软件,它提供了适用于ArcGIS数据互操作的方法,使得GIS三维模型建立更加方便,高效。本文以校园为可视化对象,从各实体要素的建模方法及三维模型应用于GIS的方法等问题开始,讨论ArcGIS中不同三维可视化的实现方法。     

基于弹簧质点模型的二维/三维映射算法*

提出了一种用于服装设计的二维/三维映射算法.该算法基于弹簧质点变形模型,服装裁剪片二维到三维映射及三维到二维映射可以在该模型中得到统一的实现.在服装裁剪片二维到三维的映射过程中,二维裁剪片被放置在人体模型附近的初始位置,在缝合力的作用下,裁剪片自动变形并缝合到人体模型上.在服装裁剪片三维到二维映射的过程中,三维裁剪片被初始映射到指定的平面内,在弹性变形力的作用下,逐步变形并得到最终的二维裁剪片.在进行服装裁剪片二维到三维映射的过程中,考虑了干涉检验的问题.     

基于OpenGL的一种三维拾取方法

本文介绍了一种基于OpenGL的三维拾取方法,该方法可对三维地形图上的任意点进行拾取,并反馈拾取点的三维信息。在正交投影模型中,将整个图形划分成若干块均匀区域,先判断二维输入点落在哪块区域;然后再对选中的区域细化,判断输入点所选中的图元,并根据该图元的顶点信息求出二维输入设备所对应的第三维的值;最终返回该拾取取点在物体坐标系下的真实三维坐标,从而实现图形交互功能。     

几种胡敏酸和富里酸分子结构模型的三维可视化与特性研究

针对已提出的几种胡敏酸和富里酸的二维分子结构模型,应用HyperChem软件转换为三维结构并进行几何优化,计算了这些三维模型的能量以及定量构效关系(QSAR)参数.结果表明:几种模型在三维结构和特性上都各不相同,这为从空间角度更直观地认识腐殖物质的分子结构提供了可能性.     

AutoCAD 201O:让设计更智能

也许在很多人的记忆中AutoCAD还是二维设计软件，而如今的AutoCAD2010已经将二维和三维功能很好的融合，并使得我们的设计更加地智能。     

由三维模型生成二维轮廓图的一般方法

本文使用SOLPROF命令从三维模型直接生成二维轮廓图，针对标注二维轮廓图出现的问题，提出了解决的技巧与方法。     

三维曲面展开算法在玩具设计中的应用

在传统的玩具设计中，布绒玩具的设计是一个复杂过程。文中提出两个算法：三维表面区域搜索算法和三维曲面展开算法并应用于玩具设计。在三维玩具CAD模型的基础上，该方法将三维的玩具表面自动展开为二维的裁片。运用该方法，用户可以容易地交互操作进行玩具表面切割线的设计，同时可以设置纹理，从而大大减少了玩具的设计与制作时间，降低成本。     

Responsive inclusive design (RiD): a new model for inclusive software development

The design and development of technological solutions based on software for all types of people, including people with disabilities, is still a pending issue in most software application development projects today. Situations like the 2020 pandemic drastically reflect how people with disabilities tend to be left outside the application design and construction guidelines. There are multiple initiatives and previous works that advocate user involvement from the beginning of the project; however, in this work, we go a step further by presenting a model for designing and constructing software applications (RiD—Responsive inclusive Design) defined for inclusive software. RiD extends the involvement of the user with disabilities to the entire software life cycle, in different roles, and taking into account the changing nature of the user profile in the evolution of the product. This article also presents the EDICO case study, an accessible and inclusive scientific editor for the Spanish National Organization of the Blind (ONCE), which was successfully implemented applying the RiD principles.

     

Sketch‐to‐Design: Context‐Based Part Assembly

Designing 3D objects from scratch is difficult, especially when the user intent is fuzzy and lacks a clear target form. We facilitate design by providing reference and inspiration from existing model contexts. We rethink model design as navigating through different possible combinations of part assemblies based on a large collection of pre‐segmented 3D models. We propose an interactive sketch‐to‐design system, where the user sketches prominent features of parts to combine. The sketched strokes are analysed individually, and more importantly, in context with the other parts to generate relevant shape suggestions via adesign galleryinterface. As a modelling session progresses and more parts get selected, contextual cues become increasingly dominant, and the model quickly converges to a final form. As a key enabler, we use pre‐learned part‐based contextual information to allow the user to quickly explore different combinations of parts. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for efficiently designing new variations from existing shape collections.     

Interactive 3D/2D visualization for geophysical data processing and interpretation

A new 3D/2D interactive display server was developed for the IGeoS geophysical data processing framework presented earlier. With introduction of this major component, the framework becomes conceptually complete and potentially bridges the gap between traditional processing and interpretation geophysical software.The display server utilizes Qt toolkit and OpenGL graphics libraries while taking advantage of the object-oriented design of the core data processing system. It operates by creating image object trees that are automatically propagated to the server(s) residing on the same or remote hosts and producing complex, structured, and interactive data displays. The displays support custom interactive graphical user interfaces, which are constructed entirely by the user and do not require computer coding. With over 200 specialized processing tools available, this approach allows creating 3D visualizations and building custom interactive data analysis, interpretation, and modeling tools in many areas of application. In particular, we show examples of integration of seismic ray tracing, gravity, and receiver function modeling and inversion in deep crustal studies.     

基于Unity3D三维多媒体课件的设计与制作

虚拟现实的最大特点是用户可以自然地与虚拟环境进行交互操作。三维多媒体课件是三维建模技术与虚拟现实技术的紧密结合,在三维模型的基础上提供虚拟现实环境。从教学应用的角度出发,主要研究如何有效地利用Unity3D和三维建模软件去设计教学内容,探索机械构造类三维多媒体课件制作的关键技术和步骤,制作出仿真性强、交互控制灵活、支持360°全角度观察,并可随时拆卸装配的三维多媒体课件。     

Sketch-based design for green geometry and image deformation

User interfaces have traditionally followed the WIMP (window, icon, menu, pointer) paradigm. Though functional and powerful, they are usually cumbersome for a novice user to design a complex model, requiring considerable expertise and effort. This paper presents a system for designing geometric models and image deformation with sketching curves, with the use of Green coordinates. In 3D modeling, the user first creates a 3D model by using a sketching interface, where a given 2D curve is interpreted as the projection of the 3D curve. The user can add, remove, and deform these control curves easily, as if working with a 2D line drawing. For a given set of curves, the system automatically identifies the topology and face embedding by applying graph rotation system. Green coordinates are then used to deform the generated models with detail-preserving property. Also, we have developed a sketch-based image-editing interface to deform image regions using Green coordinates. Hardware-assisted schemes are provided for both control shape deformation and the subsequent surface optimization, the experimental results demonstrate that 3D/2D deformations can be achieved in realtime.     

基于软件体系结构的用户界面设计方法

为实现软件体系结构指导下的软件工程设计，该文提出了一个在体系结构指导下、支持自动生成的用户界面工程开发方法。该方法把界面的体系结构作为工程模型的直接描述对象，在界面体系结构的引导和约束下，通过可视化用户干预建立界面的展示模型，在代码生成阶段采用了界面体系结构指导下的界面设计模式。研究表明，以体系结构为指导的软件模型化设计是可行的。     

Standards versus guidelines for designing user interface software

There are significant differences between designing hardware and software for the user interface to computer-based information systems. Formal standards may improve hardware design but may prove ineffective for aiding software design. Our present knowledge supports development of flexible design guidelines for user interface software, but does not justify imposition of standards. Effective application of guidelines will require a process of translation into system-specific design rules, and/or future incorporation into computer-based design algorithms.     

Using solid diagrams for tangible interface prototyping

In most design disciplines, early concept development involves paper-and-pencil brainstorming. However, we've found that when designing a tangible user interface, it's best to start with a solid diagram - a 3D "sketch" created using simple construction materials. In the early stages of research and concept development, solid diagrams are more suitable for rapid reconfiguration and exploration than pencil sketches. They also let us analyze modes of correspondence between physical structures and abstract-information structures. Furthermore, because we can manipulate these diagrams, they help us explore usability properties and certain design trade-offs.     

Architecture without numbers — CAAD based on a 3D modelling system

The paper describes an advanced demonstration system which brings together a number of recent developments in CAAD (computer-aided architectural design). This demonstration system illustrates how an important new form of input device, a 3D modelling systemm can be linked with building performance software and ‘indicative’ computer output graphics. The 3D modelling system uses electronically interrogable building elements. The user assembles these elements on a baseboard, providing a tangible model of the design. The model is then interrogated by the CAD system, which recovers the geometry data describing the topology of the model. The user changes the design by reassembling the model elements. A particular aspect of this demonstration is that the user has the option to generate building design data and assimilated building performance data without the need to handle this data in numeric form. It is likely that many of the features present in this demonstration system will be evident in future ‘production’ CAAD systems.