酵母菌固定化及对锶吸附的影响

酵母菌具有吸附富集重金属离子的能力.利用海藻酸钠对酿酒酵母菌进行固定,对固定化后的酿酒酵母菌吸附锶的能力做了对比研究.结果表明,海藻酸钠颗粒对锶有一定吸附作用,吸附速度较快,但是结合不稳定,未固定的酵母菌吸附较稳定,但是在低浓度时,吸附率不高;固定化酵母菌对锶的吸附分两个阶段,低质量浓度(10 mg/L)时,吸附率可达80%.在不同质量浓度梯度下(10～100 mg/L)吸附研究中发现,三者的吸附率均随浓度增大而减小,但吸附总量均有所增加.随培养时间延长,未固定与固定化酵母菌对锶的吸附率和吸附量趋于一致.结果表明海藻酸钠可以作为酵母菌活细胞生长固定化载体并表现出对低浓度Sr2+的较好吸附效果.     

固定化啤酒废酵母对Pb^2＋吸附性能的研究

固定化啤酒酵母法是采用啤酒废酵母作为生物吸附剂,研究其在固定化的条件下对Pb^2＋的吸附特性。用2％海藻酸钠与1％明胶混合作为包埋剂固定啤酒废酵母。考察了固定化啤酒废酵母吸附Ph^2＋过程中的影响因素,包括初始Pb^2＋浓度、酵母菌体渡度、吸附时间和初始pH值等。试验结果表明,在初始Pb^2＋质量浓度为100mg／L、pH值为5、菌体酵母投加量为1.44g/L、吸附时间为180min的最佳条件下,固定化啤酒废酵母对Pb^2＋的吸附率为92.69％,吸附量为51.35mg／g,吸附符合Freunollich方程,相关系数R为0.99014。     

固定化啤酒废酵母对pb2+吸附性能的研究

固定化啤酒酵母法是采用啤酒废酵母作为生物吸附剂,研究其在固定化的条件下对Pb2+的吸附特性。用2%海藻酸钠与1%明胶混合作为包埋剂固定啤酒废酵母。考察了固定化啤酒废酵母吸附Pb2+过程中的影响因素,包括初始Pb2+浓度、酵母菌体浓度、吸附时间和初始pH值等。试验结果表明,在初始Pb2+质量浓度为100mg/L、pH值为5、菌体酵母投加量为1.44 g/L、吸附时间为180 min的最佳条件下,固定化啤酒废酵母对Pb2+的吸附率为92.69%,吸附量为51.35 mg/g,吸附符合Freunollich方程,相关系数R为0.990 14。     

硫脲修饰啤酒废酵母吸附Hg2+的性能

以戊二醛为交联剂,将硫脲修饰到啤酒废酵母菌上,合成了一种新型吸附剂。用电子显微镜、红外光谱以及光电子能谱对菌体的结构进行了表征。考察了交联剂用量、溶液pH值、金属离子初始浓度、吸附时间等对菌体吸附Hg2+的影响。结果表明,25℃时,修饰菌在pH值1.5条件下吸附60 min,对Hg2+的饱和吸附容量为58.9 mg.g-1,吸附过程符合准二级方程,吸附为Langmuir单分子层化学吸附。用该吸附剂处理加标准汞的自来水样,平均Hg2+吸附率为71.4%。     

黑藻对镉离子的生物吸附研究

研究了黑藻对镉离子的吸附作用,考察了溶液pH、镉离子初始浓度、吸附剂用量和吸附时间等因素对吸附的影响.在选定的吸附条件下,即pH为6.0,吸附剂用量为2 g·L-1,吸附时间为120 min时,对于50 mg·L-1的Cd+溶液,黑藻对Cd+的吸附效率为96%,吸附量为24.1 mg·g-1.常温下黑藻对Cd+的吸附作用可用Langmiur、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)等温吸附模型进行拟合,相关系数r2分别达到0.9852、0.9901和0.9982,说明吸附反应符合这三种吸附模型.     

影响啤酒酵母菌吸附铅离子条件的研究

采用啤酒酵母自制生物吸附剂用于吸附金属铅离子,考察了pH值、反应时间、酵母浓度及金属离子浓度对啤酒酵母吸附Pb2 的影响.单因素实验结果表明,当pH值为5.0、溶液初始Pb2 浓度为80 mg·L-1、啤酒酵母的浓度为1.0 g·L-1、反应时间为0.5 h时,吸附效果最佳.通过正交实验,确定初始Pb2 浓度为反应过程中的显著因素.     

啤酒酵母对重金属离子的吸附和解吸效果影响的实验研究

以固定化的啤酒酵母作为生物吸附剂,海藻酸钠和聚乙烯醇作为包埋剂,研究了pH值、ρ(初始重金属离子)、ρ(菌体)、吸附时间、吸附温度对吸附Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的影响,并进行了解吸剂及其质量浓度对固定化啤酒酵母解吸影响的研究.研究结果表明,在pH值=5.5,ρ(菌体)=20 g/L,吸附时间2h,吸附温度...     

聚丙烯酸基水凝胶的制备及对Sr2+的吸附性能研究

以丙烯酸、氧化石墨烯和二苯并-18冠醚-6为原料,制备了三维多层水凝胶复合材料。利用SEM和FT-IR对复合材料进行了表征,并对核废水中的Sr2+进行吸附研究。实验考察了pH、接触时间和初始离子浓度对吸附性能的影响。采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型,拟一级和拟二级动力学模型对吸附数据进行了拟合。结果表明,该样品含有丰富的-COOH基团和三维多层结构,表现出非常快的吸附动力学,最大吸附量和吸附率分别为292.2 mg/g88.72%。     

微生物吸附重金属离子研究进展

从吸附剂种类、生物吸附机理、微生物细胞的固定化、以及重金属离子解吸等方面进行了综述,同时阐述了生物吸附重金属技术的研究进展和应用前景。     

Factors affecting silver biosorption by an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Factors affecting silver biosorption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass, obtained as a waste product from industry, were examined. Maximum removal of silver from solution was achieved within 5 min. Increasing the concentration of biomass in experimental flasks from 1 to 8 mg cm⁻³ decreased both silver accumulation, from 224·7 to 89·5 μmol Ag g⁻¹ dry wt, and associated H⁺ ion release, from 109·4 to 31·7 μmol H⁺ g⁻¹ dry wt. The presence of 1·0 mol dm⁻³ cadmium or methionine decreased silver biosorption by 40% and 93% respectively. Boiling in 100 mmol dm⁻³ NaOH or 10 mmol dm⁻³ sodium dodecyl sulphate decreased silver biosorption by 54% and 25% respectively. A temperature increase from 4°C to 55°C decreased silver biosorption by 9%. The metabolic state of the yeast had no effect on silver biosorption. Decreasing the pH of the silver solution caused a reduction in metal removal by the biomass.     

啤酒酵母吸附去除水中Cd~(2+)的影响因素

生物吸附法是一种经济有效的处理大规模低浓度重金属废水的生物技术,其中啤酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是具有实用潜力的生物吸附剂。本文研究了啤酒酵母对Cd2+吸附效果的主要影响因素,结果表明pH值对Cd2+会产生较大的影响,非固定化和固定化啤酒酵母对Cd2+吸附的最佳pH值都为4,过高和过低均不利于吸附的进行。水中常见的K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+四种离子在低浓度时对Cd2+的吸附无显著影响,但当其浓度高于5mg/L时会影响吸附,其影响顺序为K+Na+Ca2+Mg2+;Zn2+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Pb2+对Cd2+的吸附效果影响顺序为Pb2+Zn2+Fe2+Cu2+;当Cu2+浓度≥50mg/L时,啤酒酵母对Cd2+不产生性吸附,而对Cu2+产生专性吸附。     

Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effects of nutrient conditions

Studies took place to investigate the effects of different nutrient conditions on the biosorption ability and selectivity of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After having grown in media supplemented with additional glucose, ammonium, phosphate or cysteine, the yeast was exposed to an equimolar solution of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper. Lead removal from a mixed solution was significantly higher than that of copper, followed by zinc and cadmium. Generally, yeasts from cysteine-rich media showed greatest sorption capacity whereas phosphate addition influenced zinc selectivity. In addition, glucose, fructose and sucrose as carbon sources were examined. Cultures grown in glucose had a better uptake than those cultivated with fructose at an incubation time of 30 min.     

酿酒酵母菌对重金属的生物吸附作用研究进展

结合最近的研究成果,总结了酿酒酵母菌作为生物吸附材料的优点、表现形式和吸附性能,重点讨论了酿酒酵母菌的生物吸附机理,提出今后的研究方向。     

Nanotubes and Nano-TiO_2 Mixed Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Determination of Cu~（2＋）

用碳纳米管和纳米TiO2混合修饰碳糊电极,用循环伏安法考察了修饰电极测量Cu的优化条件及其电化学稳定性。结果表明,在pH=5.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,当Cu2＋在修饰电极表面富集200 s、电位扫描速率控制在60 mV/s时,修饰电极在循环伏安图上能出现1个灵敏氧化峰,峰电位为0.141V,利用这个峰可以对Cu进行检测。峰电流与Cu2＋的浓度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-4 mol/L的范围内成良好线性关系,相关系数为0.994 4,检出限为1.43×10-8mol/L。     

酿酒酵母在硅橡胶膜生物反应器中连续发酵的生长动力学

实验研究了酿酒酵母在硅橡胶膜生物反应器中的细胞生长速率与操作参数之间的关系。在三水平正交实验基础上,用Gauss Newton非线性最小二乘法拟合了细胞比生长率与葡萄糖浓度、乙醇浓度和细胞浓度3变量之间的关系式,得到硅橡胶膜生物反应器乙醇连续发酵的细胞最大比生长率、饱和常数、产物抑制常数和群聚抑制常数等基本动力学参数,表明当细胞浓度达到15g/L或乙醇浓度达到70g/L时细胞生长受到完全抑制。连续发酵实验验证了硅橡胶膜生物反应器中的细胞生长动力学满足拟合模型的规律。     

Simultaneous co-substitution of Sr2+/Fe3+ in hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications

In human, strontium (Sr) follows the same physiological pathway as calcium and thus could be used for improving the bioactivity and osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite (HAp) in bone tissues. Similarly, iron (Fe) can potentially play an important role in bone remodeling due to its magnetic properties. Therefore, the current study was aimed to simultaneously co-substitute Sr²⁺/Fe³⁺ in HAp nanoparticles for various potential biomedical applications. The Sr²⁺/Fe³⁺ co-substituted HAp nanoparticles were systematically synthesized through sonication-assisted aqueous precipitation method. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for different physicochemical and biological properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Sr²⁺/Fe³⁺ co-substituted HAp nanoparticles confirmed their phase purity and showed hexagonal-like structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs showed an agglomerated rod-like morphology of HAp nanoparticles which contained pores consisted of small spheroids. The nanoparticles displayed magnetization (Ms) reliance on the loading level of mole % (X?=?Fe³⁺) and exhibited tunable porosity and microhardness (Hv) upon heat treatment. The nanoparticles showed less than 5% hemolysis demonstrating high blood compatibility with high in vitro bioactivity performance. The multifunctional properties of synthesized nanoparticles make them a potential candidate for various biomedical applications; including bone grafting and guided bone regeneration, targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, and hyperthermia based cancer treatment.     

Continuous ethanol production from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor

The continuous production of ethanol from carob pod extract by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a packed-bed reactor has been investigated. At a substrate concentration of 150 g dm^?3, maximum ethanol productivity of 16 g dm^?3 h^?1 was obtained at D = 0·4 h^?1 with 62·3% of theoretical yield and 83·6% sugars′ utilization. At a dilution rate of 0·1 h^?1, optimal ethanol productivity was achieved in the pH range 3·5–5·5, temperature range 30–35·C and initial sugar concentration of 200 g dm^?3. Maximum ethanol productivity of 24·5 g dm^?3 h^?1 was obtained at D = 0·5 h^?1 with 58·8% of theoretical yield and 85% sugars′ utilization when non-sterilized carob pod extract containing 200 g dm^?3 total sugars was used as feed material. The bioreactor system was operated at a constant dilution rate of 0·5 h^?1 for 30 days without loss of the original immobilized yeast activity. In this case, the average ethanol productivity, ethanol yield (% of theoretical) and sugars′ utilization were 25 g dm^?3 h^?1, 58·8% and 85·5%, respectively.     

光照对Sr4Al14O25：Eu^2＋，Dy^3＋／TiO2-xNx复合材料光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出Sr4Al14O25：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋／TiO2-xNx复合材料。该复合材料对甲基橙具有较高的光催化效果,复合材料经紫外激发后,其光催化效果高于没有经紫外激发的复合材料的光催化效果,而且明显高于Sr4Al14O25：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋／TiO2-xNx光照激发后光催化效率之和,同时讨论了Sr4Al14O25：Eu^2＋,Dy^3＋／TiO2-xNx复合材料的光催化机理。