增湿一去湿海水淡化技术研究进展

增湿-去湿淡化工艺是一种不同于常规蒸馏法和膜法的新型海水淡化技术，具有规模灵活、设备投资和操作成本适中、结构筒单、可利用低位热能等优点。本文介绍了增湿．去湿淡化技术的原理，比较了不同形式的增湿-去湿淡化过程，总结了该工艺的技术特点，并指出了其现阶段的应用现状和发展前景。     

增湿-去湿海水淡化技术研究进展

增湿-去湿淡化工艺是一种不同于常规蒸馏法和膜法的新型海水淡化技术,具有规模灵活、设备投资和操作成本适中,结构简单、可利用低位热能等优点.本文介绍了增湿-去湿淡化技术的原理,比较了不同形式的增湿-去湿淡化过程,总结了该工艺的技术特点,并指出了其现阶段的应用现状和发展前景.     

直接热耦合增湿-去湿海水淡化过程数值模拟

直接热耦合增湿-去湿(TCHD)淡化能够利用太阳能等低位热能,特别适合在缺水岛屿和内陆偏远地区应用.发展了非饱和条件下的TCHD过程传热-传质数学模型,结合试验数据建立了TCHD过程蒸发侧气液相间传热系数和冷凝侧与蒸发侧间总传热系数的关联式,通过数值模拟研究了TCHD淡化柱内的湿度,温度,不凝气含量和总传热系数的变化规律,讨论了海水顶温变化对湿度、不凝气含量和总传热系数的影响.     

两级增湿除湿热泵海水淡化系统研究

为提升增湿除湿海水淡化装置性能,提出一种两级增湿除湿热泵海水淡化系统,由二级增湿器回收利用一级增湿器排出的海水余热,改善海水与湿空气热质交换效果。利用Aspen Plus仿真软件分别建立了一级增湿和两级增湿的热泵海水淡化系统模型,针对不同进料海水温度和液气质量比以及热泵制冷剂流量进行多工况仿真研究,根据仿真结果的对比分析,总结得出：随着进料海水温度和液气质量比的增加,两级增湿系统的回收率和造水比均是优于一级增湿系统,且两级增湿系统达到最佳系统性能所需进料海水的温度和循环空气的流量要低于一级增湿系统,表明热泵两级增湿除湿海水淡化技术具有较大的性能提升和广阔的应用前景。     

气体再压缩式增湿去湿高盐废水淡化装置的建立与模拟

在增湿去湿法(HDH)高盐废水淡化的基础上耦合了MVR法,建立了一种新型的气体再压缩式增湿去湿高盐废水淡化装置。该系统是兼具气体循环和高盐废水循环的双循环系统,整个系统为零排放。通过Aspen Plus软件搭建该装置相关模型,分别模拟不同工艺操作参数对系统能效比和浓缩比的影响。当控制增湿塔进口空气温度为30℃、质量流量为1 900 kg/h、增湿塔进口水温度为90℃、进口水质量流量为15 t/h(水气比为7. 9)、循环水箱补充水质量流量为1 500 kg/h(25℃)、气体压缩比为1. 2时,系统效能比达到16. 3,浓缩比达到1. 64。     

电渗析海水淡化技术研究进展

海水作为水资源的重要组成部分,其有效利用是解决我国水资源短缺、优化淡水资源配置的重要途径之一。电渗析装置于20世纪50年代实用化,促使电渗析海水淡化技术取得突破性进展。本文主要对电渗析海水淡化技术的发展状况进行了介绍,如电渗析海水淡化技术的基本原理、电渗析技术的国内外发展历程、电渗析海水淡化技术面临的挑战及电渗析技术的最新研究进展等,重点介绍了现阶段电渗析技术与其他膜技术的集成工艺在海水淡化中的应用,并简单讨论了电渗析海水淡化技术的发展前景。     

反渗透海水淡化技术研究进展

反渗透海水淡化技术以其特有的优点得到了越来越广泛的应用,近几十年来我国对该技术的研究取得了较大发展。该文综述了反渗透海水淡化技术的发展过程及应用状况,重点介绍了反渗透膜、预处理技术、能量回收技术、反渗透系统优化设计等方面的技术进步及存在的问题,根据该技术研究及应用现状,提出了我国反渗透海水淡化技术未来发展的看法。     

反渗透海水淡化的预处理技术研究进展

本文分析了国内外关于反渗透海水淡化预处理技术的应用研究现状，并对预处理技术的发展趋势做了展望。     

海洋能海水淡化研究进展

海洋能海水淡化作为一种重要的可再生能源海水淡化技术,具有非常广阔的应用前景.本文介绍了海洋能海水淡化技术的主要种类及其国内外研究情况;通过比较各种海洋能海水淡化的特点,分析了该技术难以商业化的原因;并为海洋能海水淡化的研究及其发展方向提出相关建议.     

船舶海水淡化技术现状及研究进展

总结了我国海水利用现状,针对不同船舶海水淡化技术的原理和特点,分析了船舶海水淡化的研究现状和最新进展。在新的海水淡化方法、装置的理论及实验研究、膜材料的发展和应用方面作了阐述和分析,对我国船舶海水淡化技术目前存在的问题和发展方向提出了建议。     

Solar desalination with a humidification-dehumidification technique — a comprehensive technical review

Major desalination processes consume a large amount of energy derived from oil and natural gas as heat and electricity. Solar desalination, although researched for over two decades, has only recently emerged as a promising renewable energy-powered technology for producing fresh water. Solar desalination based on the humidification-dehumidification cycle presents the best method of solar desalination due to overall high-energy efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive technical review of solar desalination with a multi-effect cycle providing a better understanding of the process. Discussion on methods to improve system performance and efficiency paves the way towards possible commercialisation of such units in the future.     

Solar desalination with a humidification-dehumidification cycle: mathematical modeling of the unit

Solar desalination is gradually emerging as a successful renewable energy source of producing fresh water. Solar Multi-Effect Humidification (MEH) units based on the humidification-dehumidification principle are considered as the most viable among solar desalination units. A simulation study of these units leads to a better understanding of the performance of such type of desalination units. This study therefore focuses on studying and analysing the effects and performance of various components involved in the process along with the study of the effect of water feed flow rate on the desalination production. To our knowledge, there is no such comprehensive model available in the literature. This study could lead a step further in the commercialisation of solar desalination units based on the humidification-dehumidification principle.     

采用增湿-去湿工艺的竖直列管式脱盐装置的实验研究

A vertical tubular desalination unit with shell and tube structure was built to perform humidification and dehumidification simultaneously on the tube and shell side of the column, respectively. The effects of several operating conditions on the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column were investigated. The results show that both the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column enhance with the elevation of the inlet water temperature. The flow rates of water and carrier gas both have optimal operating ranges, which are 10-30kg·h-1 and 4-7kg·h-1 for the present column, respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of external steam flow rate will promote the productivity of the column but reduce its thermal efficiency.     

Solar desalination with a humidification-dehumidification cycle: performance of the unit

The closed air cycle humidification-dehumidification process was used for water desalination using solar energy. The circulated air by natural or forced convection was heated and humidified by the hot water obtained either from a flat plate solar collector or from an electrical heater. The latent heat of condensation was recovered in the condenser to preheat the saline feed water. Two units of different sizes were constructed from different materials. The productivity of these units was found to be much higher than those of the single-basin stills. Moreover, these units were capable of producing a large quantity of saline warm water for domestic uses other than drinking. No significant improvement in the performance of the desalination units was achieved using forced air circulation at high temperatures. While at lower temperatures, a larger effect was noticed. This can be related to the low heat and mass transfer coefficients at low temperatures and to the non-linear increase in the water vapor pressure with temperature.     

微生物脱盐燃料电池高效除盐研究进展

微生物脱盐燃料电池（MDC）是一种新兴的绿色可持续循环能源技术,利用微生物胞外呼吸作用同步驱动除盐、产电及降解有机污染物。首先,概括了传统能源密集型除盐技术（热浓缩法和膜法）的能耗及局限性;然后,介绍了MDC运行机制、耦合系统及可持续发展影响因素;重点阐述了多种MDC耦合工艺协同高效处理废水的研究进展及其可持续发展面临的挑战;最后,展望了MDC在高效、可持续和低碳废水处理、盐水淡化和能源/资源回收方面的研究前景。     

二硫化钼作为海水淡化材料的研究进展

海水淡化是从丰富的海水资源中提取清洁淡水的技术,是解决淡水资源短缺的重要途径。传统的海水淡化技术在实际应用中已经暴露出高成本、高能耗和低效率等缺点,因此开发海水淡化新兴技术及材料成为研究重点。二硫化钼（MoS₂）是典型层状过渡金属硫化物,因其化学稳定、吸光能力优异等优点,在海水淡化领域具有极大的应用前景。作为一种高效环保的海水淡化材料,MoS₂及其复合材料在改善传统脱盐工艺和发展新兴脱盐技术中已得到广泛研究。本文主要论述和分析MoS₂基材料在电容去离子、膜脱盐及太阳能脱盐等海水淡化应用中的研究进展以及在工业化应用中面临的挑战,并展望其今后在脱盐领域的发展方向。     

Techno-Economic investigation of an air humidification-dehumidification desalination process

This article presents a humidification-dehumidification (H.D.) process suitable for desalination of sea- and brackish water. The work correlates performance characteristics of the combination of different components in such a loop. Water yield, energy requirement and design data are evaluated as functions of different parameters. The investigation covered water to air mass ratios ranging from 60 to 80, concentration ratios between 2 and 5, at a temperature difference of between 10 and 16 °C, along the liquid for dehumidification. The results showed that 76% of energy consumed in the humidifier is recovered by condensation. Increase of the concentration ratio to 5 can reduce the make-up water and rejected brine by about 58% and 24% respectively. Cost calculations show that the H.D. process has significant potential as an alternative for small capacity desalination plants and permits to operate systems as small as 10 m³/day in output.     

膜蒸馏脱盐中膜污染与膜润湿的研究进展

膜蒸馏作为一种脱盐的新兴技术受到广泛关注。然而,因为实际水质组分复杂,可能含有如表面活性剂、油类物质、易结垢盐和有机溶剂等污染物,导致一般疏水膜在长时间运行情况下极易发生膜污染或者膜润湿,最终造成膜通量或截留性能降低。本文首先简述了不同种类的膜污染和膜润湿的特点及形成原因,并分析了膜污染和膜润湿之间的区别和联系。对膜蒸馏过程中膜污染和膜润湿的监测和预测手段进行了简要介绍,最后针对膜蒸馏脱盐过程,重点介绍了近几年国内外预防膜污染和膜润湿的研究进展。研究者一般从污染物与疏水膜的相互作用力着手对疏水膜进行表面改性制备全疏膜和Janus复合膜,避免污染物在膜面的吸附以及抑制表面或孔道润湿。越来越多的研究人员采用致密亲水膜的渗透汽化脱盐来从根本上避免疏水膜带来的润湿。除此之外,对进料液进行预处理也能显著延迟膜的污染和润湿,如混凝/沉淀、膜过滤、煮沸、pH调控等,还可通过改变进料方式、辅助外加磁场等措施控制膜表面局部区域的流体力学状态,减少污染物的附着。适当的膜后处理措施也能恢复膜性能。最后,文章指出了解决膜蒸馏中膜污染和膜润湿的研究方向。