界面聚合制备壳聚糖和均苯三甲酰氯复合纳滤膜

以低分子量有机物脱盐为目标,实验以壳聚糖(CS)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为反应单体,通过界面聚合反应在聚砜(PSF)/聚醚砜(PES)共混超滤膜上形成复合层制备纳滤膜.SEM扫描结果表明,该界面聚合反应可以在基膜的表面形成致密选择层;而红外检测结果表明该反应主要是CS分子上的-NH2与TMC分子上的酰氯基发生了酰化反应.实验结果表明:CS在醋酸水溶液中质量分数增大,TMC在正己烷中质量分数增大,界面聚合时间增长和热处理温度增高,都会导致膜的通量降低,同时膜对有机物和电解质的截留率增大.实验优化的界面聚合工艺条件为:CS 0.5%(wt);TMC 0.2%(wt); CS溶液浸没基膜10 min后与TMC溶液进行界面聚合反应2 min,在70℃下热处理10 min后浸泡在0.2%SDS溶液中2 h后晾干.在优化条件下,膜对PEG2000的截留率可达到92%,对NaCl、MgCl2、MgSO4和Na2SO4的截留率分别为7.8%、19.4%、23%和32.8%,该膜对于低分子量有机物与电解质的分离可能会有较好的结果.     

聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备与表征

以间苯二甲胺(m-XDA)和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)分别为水相和油相反应单体,通过界面聚合制备聚酰胺复合纳滤膜.研究了界面聚合反应中水相单体浓度、水相pH值、油相单体浓度、反应时间、后处理温度及时间等因素对所制备的复合膜分离性能的影响.用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的膜进行结构和形态表征.所制备的聚酰胺复合纳滤膜在操作压力1.4MPa下,对1000mg·L-1的硫酸钠溶液的脱盐率为82.98%,通量为28.48L·m-2·h-1.     

聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及表征

用哌嗪(PIP)溶液为水相反应单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)正庚烷溶液为有机相反应单体,通过界面聚合法制备聚哌嗪酰胺中空纤维复合纳滤膜,研究了水相单体和有机相单体浓度对纳滤膜的影响及基膜预处理、对复合纳滤膜进行后处理对复合纳滤膜分离性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AMF)对制备的纳滤膜进行表征,所制备的聚酰胺复合纳滤膜在操作压力0.6 MPa下,对质量浓度2 000 mg/L的MgSO4溶液的脱除率为90%以上。     

TMC/TMPIP纳滤超薄复合膜的制备

基于哌嗪(PIP)与均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)界面聚合制备纳滤膜的原理,设计并合成了具有支化结构的三亚胺功能基团水相单体--均苯三甲酰哌嗪(TMPIP)盐酸盐,并与TMC界面聚合制得分子结构与TMC/PIP相同的TMC/TMPIP超薄纳滤复合膜。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了复合膜皮层的化学结构和表面形貌,结果表明在聚砜底膜表面形成了膜厚为100 nm左右的TMC/TMPIP超薄皮层。通过与TMC/PIP复合膜对PEG 200水溶液的分离性能相比较发现,TMC/TMPIP复合膜因其高度的网络化结构和超薄皮层,因而具有更高的截留率和水通量。考察了TMC/TMPIP复合膜对水中不同盐的截留性能,其截留率顺序与TMC/PIP复合膜相同,而通量和截留率均优于后者。     

对硝基苯酚复合纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

采用PNP作为膜材料制备耐溶剂复合纳滤膜,采用界面聚合反应法制备了一种有机溶剂纳滤膜.在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,PNP和三甲基氯(TMC)在聚酯键结构上具有稳定的耐溶剂性.NF-1PNP膜保持稳定的DMF性能.在连续分离36 h的条件下,对孟加拉红(RB 1017.64 g·mol-1)的吸附通量为21 L·...     

纳米碳管改性聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备

采用混酸(H2SO4/HNO3=3/1(V/V))处理多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)制备了羧基化碳管(Carboxylated MWNTs),并与哌嗪(PIP)反应,制备了胺化的多壁纳米碳管(Amine functionalized MWNTs)。以聚砜(PSf)超滤膜为基膜,以均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为油相单体和胺化的多壁纳米碳管与哌嗪(PIP)为水相单体,采用界面聚合法制得多壁碳纳米管改性聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(RAM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和静态接触角表征了改性前后碳纳米管和复合膜的结构,结果表明哌嗪成功氨化改性了碳纳米管,基膜表面复合了一层聚哌嗪酰胺膜。重点考察了碳管在水相中添加量、TMC浓度、聚合时间对复合膜性能的影响,结果显示,在有机相单体浓度为1 g?L?1,水相单体浓度为2 g?L?1,水相中多壁碳纳米管的浓度为0.1 g?L?1,反应时间为45 s,复合膜的纯水通量为85.6 L?m?2?h?1,Na2SO4的截留率达到98%,对不同盐溶液的截留效果分别为:Na2SO4MgSO4MgCl2NaCl。水相中碳纳米管的加入,能有效改善膜的分离性能。     

聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备与表征

以间苯二甲胺（m-XDA）和均苯三甲酰氟（TMC）分别为水相和油相反应单体，通过界面聚合制备聚酰胺复合纳滤膜。研究了界面聚合反应中水相单体浓度、水相pH值、油相单体浓度、反应时间、后处理温度及时间等因素对所制备的复合膜分离性能的影响。用红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对所制备的膜进行结构和形态表征。     

抗污染纳滤膜的制备及性能研究

以哌嗪为水相单体,海藻酸钠为其亲水性表面活性剂,以含有均苯三甲酰氯的IsoparG为油相,聚砜超滤膜为底膜,通过界面聚合反应制备一种网络结构的抗污染纳滤膜.利用扫描电子显微镜,原子力显微镜和红外光谱仪等检测方法对纳滤复合膜进行了性能和结构方面的表征.结果 表明:在0.75 MPa、3.785 L/min、25℃恒温条件...     

原位界面聚合制备PVDF复合纳滤膜的研究

为改善聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合纳滤膜性能,以掺入单体哌嗪(PIP)的铸膜液制备基膜,通过原位界面聚合快速制备复合纳滤膜,简化了制备程序。ATR-FTIR分析结果表明,基膜上成功生成聚酰胺(PA)层,SEM观察到PA层表面具有典型结节结构。得到的复合纳滤膜对Na₂SO₄截留率为95.59%,渗透通量为12.37 L/(m²·h·bar),远高于传统界面聚合制备的PVDF复合纳滤膜。72 h的持续测试结果表明该复合纳滤膜具有良好的长期稳定性。     

3,5-二氧基苯甲酰哌嗪和均苯三甲酰氯界面聚合法制备复合纳滤膜

A new aromatic diamine,3,5-diaminobenzoylpiperazine (3,5-DABP),was synthesized from 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and 1-formyl piperazine.The structure of 3,5-DABP was identified by FT-IR spectra and 1H NMR spectra.With 3,5-DABP as aqueous monomer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as organic monomer,thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes were prepared by interfacial polymerization technology.The salt rejection order of these TFC membranes is Na2SO4>MgSO4>MgCl2>NaCl.This sequence indicates that the membranes are negatively charged.     

Preparation and performance of novel thermal stable composite nanofiltration membrane

The novel thermal stable composite nanofiltration membranes were prepared through the interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride on the poly (phthalazinone ether) ultrafiltration substrate. The effects of polymerization and testing conditions on membrane performance were studied. The surface morphologies of the substrate and the composite membranes were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The separation properties of membranes for dyes and salts were tested. The composite membranes show good thermal stability. The rejection for Na2SO4 was kept over 96%, while the flux reached 400 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹ when it was tested at 1.0 MPa and 80°C. When tested at 1.0 MPa and 60°C, the rejection of the composite membrane for dyes was kept at high level, and the flux reached 180–210 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, while the rejection for NaCl was lower than 20%. __________ Translated from the Journal of Functional Materials, 2007, 38(12): 2025–2027, 2031 [译自: 功能材料]     

聚乙烯醇微球抗污染动态膜的制备及性能

采用静电自组装和过滤预涂技术将表面富含羟基、具有强亲水性和电负性的聚乙烯醇微球(polyvinyl alcohol micro-sphere, PVA-MS)与工业滤布基膜相结合,分别制备无滤饼标准型和完全堵塞型PVA-MS动态膜。对膜的表征和性能的对比研究表明, PVA-MS组成的动态膜结构能明显改善基膜的亲水性、负电性。自组装PVA-MS动态膜的有效过滤孔径为2.1 μm, 清水阻力为1.02×10¹⁰ m^-1, 对基膜的截留性能基本没有提高, 预涂PVA-MS动态膜的有效过滤孔径为0.4 μm, 清水阻力为1.07×10¹¹ m^-1, 对浊度为21.34 NTU和TOC为18.3 mg•L^-1的上清液过滤出水为0.23 NTU和9.4 mg•L^-1, 分别提高基膜截留效果20%和30%。动态膜不可逆污染的去除性能研究表明, 自组装PVA-MS动态膜在化学清洗后能保持大部分PVA-MS的存在,预涂PVA-MS动态膜利用物理反冲洗可完全去除不可逆膜污染,再预涂后即再生。     

Preparation and separation properties of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

Utilizing an interfacial polymerization technique for the preparation of a polymeric composite nanofiltration membrane, both high permeation flux of water and high salt rejection can be achieved. Synthesis conditions, such as concentration of monomer, reaction time, and swelling agent, significantly affected the separation performance of composite membranes. The composite polyamide membrane had a permeation rate of ～2–5 gallon/ft²/day (gfd) and a salt rejection rate of ～94–99% when 2000 ppm aqueous salt solution was fed at 200 psi and 25°C. Also, a higher performance nanofiltration membrane could be prepared by suitably swelling the support matrix in the period of polymerization. The results of various feed concentrations showed that permeate flux decreased with increasing salt concentration in the feed solution. This result may be due to concentration polarization on the surface of polyamide membranes. The separation performance of polyamide membranes showed an almost independent relationship with operation pressure until it was up to 200 psi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1112–1118, 2002     

界面聚合工艺条件对反渗透复合膜性能的影响

以聚砜超滤膜为支撑膜,间苯二胺(MPD)为水相功能单体,均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为油相功能单体,通过界面聚合法制备了反渗透复合膜。研究了功能单体浓度、界面聚合反应时间、界面聚合成膜后热处理时间和温度等条件对复合膜分离性能的影响;并对在水相中添加相转移催化剂对复合膜分离性能的影响和相转移催化机理进行了初步探讨。首先在单因素实验条件下确定工艺条件的优化范围,然后经过正交实验得到最佳工艺条件,实验结果表明, 油相中TMC浓度为3 g•L^-1、水相中MPD浓度为20 g•L^-1、界面聚合反应时间为30 s、界面聚合成膜后热处理温度为90 ℃、后处理时间15 min时,所制备的反渗透复合膜表现出良好的分离性能,通量达14.91 L•m^-2•h^-1,截留率为0.951(测试条件: 压力1.6 MPa, 温度25 ℃, NaCl浓度20000 mg•L^-1);当水相中MPD浓度较低时,加入适量的相转移催化剂,能有效地改善膜的分离性能。     

Preparation of reverse osmosis composite membrane with high flux by interfacial polymerization of MPD and TMC

In this study, reverse osmosis (RO) composite membrane with extra‐thin separation layer was prepared by the interfacial polymerization (IP) of metaphenylene diamine (MPD) with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the surface of polysulfone (PS) support membrane. The properties and structures of skin layer of RO composite membranes were characterized by FTIR and SEM, it was found that IP had occurred and the separation layer was formed. The effects of the monomer concentration on membrane flux and salt rejection were investigated, and the optimum concentration of MPD and TMC were 2 and 0.3% (w/v), respectively. To improve flux, the phase‐transfer catalyst was added to the water phase, and the effects were remarkable when the concentration of MPD was low, in which both salt rejection and flux increased by 20% than initial results. When some of the hydrophilic additives such as alcohols and phenols were added into water phase, the flux of the prepared membrane increased from 13.03 to 33.42 L/(m² h) without loss in salt rejection. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Evaluation of a modified spray-applied interfacial polymerization method for preparation of nanofiltration membranes

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes were fabricated by using piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) by conventional and spray-applied interfacial polymerization methods, studying the effect of the application method for both phases, the number of applied layers, and the displacement speed for the spray application. A polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was used as support. NF membranes were characterized by different spectroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical techniques. Rejection capacity was evaluated for sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), and magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) salts; the decreasing rejection order was Na₂SO₄ > MgSO₄ > NaCl for each NF membrane. NF membrane prepared with one layer of the sprayed out TMC solution and conventional application of PIP solution exhibited the highest salt rejection (99% for 1000 ppm Na₂SO₄) and a permeated flux of 10.28 L m⁻² h⁻¹ at 0.55 MPa. The modified method is a facile-reproducible preparation methodology that reduces the consumption of time, effort, and reagents leading to a scalable manufacturing process for separation technology. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48129.     

荷负电手性壳聚糖纳复合滤膜的制备与性能研究

以聚砜超滤膜作为基膜,以壳聚糖和壳聚糖衍生物的混合物为功能层制备纳滤膜。P2-5复合纳滤（NF）膜对Na2SO4的截留率为93%,相应的通量501.3 L/（m2·h）。电荷效应对NaCl几乎没有影响,而对Na2SO4影响显著。该膜为典型的荷负电膜,适合分离高价阴离子。     

聚酰胺/ZIF-8双层复合纳滤膜的制备及其性能研究

采用界面聚合和层层自组装法制备了具有双层分离层的聚酰胺/ZIF-8复合纳滤膜,并研究了界面聚合条件和ZIF-8自组装时间、层数对膜结构以及膜纳滤性能的影响。结果表明,具有磺酸基的界面聚合层和ZIF-8层通过配位键的化学作用具有很好的结合性。相对于只有一层分离层的聚酰胺膜,组装ZIF-8层后膜对甲基蓝的截留率有了明显提升;并且随着组装层数的增加,膜致密度增加,对于甲基蓝的截留率升高,但是通量有所下降。当ZIF-8层组装层数为2层时得到的复合纳滤膜,在0.5 MPa压力下,对于100 mg/L的甲基蓝溶液的通量为25.3 L/(m2·h),截留率达到96.5%,且分离性能保持稳定。