TECHNOLOGY CHOICE AND TECHNICAL CAPACITY IN GARI PRODUCTION

This study was undertaken to assess the capacity and technology needs of women in Osun and Ondo States for gari production. The field survey was carried out by means of a structured questionnaire, administered through a participatory learning technique. At least two processing centers were visited in each Local Government Area in the two States. Altogether a total of 63 gari processing centers were visited.

Mechanical grating of (manually) peeled cassava tubers has been fully adopted, while over 88% of processors have also embraced mechanical dewatering of the grated mash. Manual sieving is still predominant as mechanical sieving devices so far introduced still present problems; Frying also remains a manual operation, though some improved frying devices are being adopted. Women involvement in the operation and management of mechanical devices is not encouraging. Processing centers utilising diesel engine as prime movers predominate (84.7%), but they mostly employ male operators. This study however reveals that given necessary training and sensitisation, women should be able to take on more managerial and operational tasks in agroprocessing ventures.

The predominant learning method of apprenticeship needs improvement, while greater attention needs to be paid to environmental issues than presently indicated by the study. Though fatal accidents have not been prevalent, safety consciousness in many of the processing centers leaves much to be desired. To redress some of the inherent problems of current technological practices, a technology profile incorporating the most feasible mechanization option for the unit operations is proposed for gari processing.     

世界PTA生产与技术改进概述

介绍了目前世界PTA生产现状和将来的发展。同时指出,近30年来,DMT和PTA虽同为聚酯工业的两大原料,但PTA的年增长率一直高于DMT,今后的发展将以PTA为主。并以二甲苯(PX)氧化制对苯二甲酸(TA)再经精制制精对苯二甲酸(PAA)的工艺路线为主,重点介绍了PX中温氧化工艺和TA精制技术的进展,提出了在TA精制技术中应注意的几个问题。     

THERMODYNAMICS OF MOISTURE SORPTION IN WINGED BEAN SEED AND GARI

Experimental data on sorption isotherms of gari and winged bean seeds were used to determine their thermodynamic functions (heat of vaporization, spreading pressure, net integral enthalpy and entropy). The heat of vaporization of both products reduced with increase in moisture content and approached that of saturated water at moisture contents of about 15%. Within the moisture content range of 2.0 and 18.0%, the net integral enthalpy and net integral entropy of gari were respectively higher and lower than those of winged bean seeds. The maximum net integral enthalpy for gari was 556 kJ/kg and was 335 kJ/kg for winged bean seeds. The difference in the values of the thermodynamic functions were attributed to the higher amount of oil/fat in winged bean seeds and the presence of gelatinized starch in gari.     

化纤生产控制中可编程序控制器及通讯技术的应用

介绍了化纤生产控制中可编程序控制器和计算机联网构成的集散控制系统,以及通讯时硬件配置、通讯方式、原理、协议及其特点。详细阐述了过程控制中通讯软件的设计方法以及通讯中的抗干扰方法。     

化纤生产控制中可编程序控制器及通讯技术的应用

介绍了化纤生产控制中可编程序控制器和计算机联网构成的集散控制系统,以及通讯时硬件配置、通讯方式、原理、协议及其特点.详细阐述了过程控制中通讯软件的设计方法以及通讯中的抗干扰方法.     

微生物油脂的生产工艺及其影响因素

阐述了研究开发微生物油脂的意义、生产工艺以及影响微生物积累油脂的各种主要因素.     

锦纶6纤维的生产技术及其发展趋势

概述锦纶 6纤维的发展 ,阐述锦纶 6纤维的生产技术和产品 ,展望锦纶 6纤维新技术的发展前景。     

菲订生产中中和条件的选定

研究了中和剂，州值及温度对菲汀得率和质量的影响，得出在较高温度下以Ca（OH）2和NaOH分两步中和至pH6．8为较佳的中和条件。     

EFFECT of UNIT OPERATIONS of PRODUCTION ON the CYANIDE CONTENT and ACCEPTABILITY of GARI

The effect of holding, pressing, initial moisture content, sunheating, and garifying, on pH, total titratable acidity (TTA) and residual cyanide content of cassava mash, cake and gari, were evaluated. A new method to make gari with very low residual cyanide was developed.
Increasing holding time decreased pH, cyanide content, but increased TTA of mash and gari when initial moisture content of mash was greater or equal to 63–65%. Reducing the initial moisture content of mash below 60% increased pH, reduced the residual cyanide, but increased the TTA in the mash. the optimum holding period was 72 h beyond which there was no reduction in residual cyanide content. Pressing and garifying further reduced the residual cyanide of cassava mash and gari, respectively. Sensory properties of gari prepared by the new laboratory method were similar to those of gari produced by the traditional method.     

织造用涤纶POY的质量控制与生产技术

根据织造用涤纶POY的特点．研究了其工艺和控制方法．认为POY沸水收缩率染色均匀性的控制适当且稳定是关键因素。从而生产出多种用途。质量良好，用户满意的织造用POY。     

CLEANING AND DISINFECTION IN MILK PRODUCTION

Methods for reducing bacterial contamination derived from surfaces of cows' teats and milking equipment, the main sources of bacteria in raw milk, are described. Examples are given showing the effects of refrigerated storage on bacterial counts in raw milk. Costs of cleaning and prospects for cold cleaning and disinfection are considered.     

现代控制技术—PLC在制粉生产线中的应用

通过对PLC自动控制技术在制粉生产线中应用情况的介绍,剖析了PLC系统的组成,并总结出其运行特点。     

抗菌丙纶POY与DTY生产工艺探讨

采用聚丙烯切片、抗菌母粒共混,制成高熔融指数的抗菌高速纺专用料进行纺丝。对抗菌专用料及其干燥条件、纺丝温度、组件、过滤器、侧吹风、卷绕超喂、POY上油以及后加工过程中的拉伸倍数等工艺参数进行探讨,确定了研制抗菌丙纶POY与DTY的最佳工艺参数。     

金针菇营养保健果冻的生产工艺

研究金针菇营养保健果冻的加工过程中,复合凝胶剂魔芋粉-琼脂-明胶的配比、凝胶剂的用量、柠檬酸与蔗糖的添加量、煮胶温度和时间对果冻产品品质的影响.结果表明:魔芋粉、琼脂、明胶的配比为2:3:2,总用胶量为0.7%,混合溶解后的胶溶液在75℃煮10min,添加15%的白砂糖,调至pH=5,加入金针菇提取液,凝固后获得透明,口感爽滑,酸甜可口的果冻,具有清香纯正的金针菇风味.     

涤纶短纤维切断张力及其生产技术的研讨

主要讨论了在涤纶短纤维生产中切断张力的分布情况以及张力与切断长度、穿丝方式、差动机构、超倍长纤维、甩辊现象的关系,对存在的问题提出了一些解决措施,为制定工艺规程、掌握操作技术和改善纤维品质提出了几点见解。     

多孔细旦涤纶POY生产设备及工艺探讨

介绍了东丽公司POY多孔细旦纤维生产线特点。探讨了多孔细旦POY生产工艺。发现其最佳工艺为:熔体粘度波动控制在±0.004,熔体输送温度和纺丝温度均比常规丝高3~5℃,熔体过滤精度为10μm;喷丝板孔径为0.13~0.20mm,L/D 2.5~3.5;组件初压为12~15MPa;集束位置距喷丝板面600~900mm;侧吹风速度0.25~0.40m/s;上油率0.5%~0.7%,纺丝速度在2 600~2 900m/m in范围,POY伸长为110%~125%。     

细旦有色FDY涤纶丝生产技术

本文通过对56dt6X／24f网络涤纶FDY黑丝工艺条件的分析探讨，着重阐述了纺前色母粒注射法生产细旦网络有色PDY涤纶长丝的技术关键，对实际生产中时常出现的工程问题加以分析、总结，提出解决措施。