应变电桥选择方法在飞行载荷测量中的应用

随着飞机结构的日益复杂,应变电桥选择在飞行载荷应变电桥测量方法中亦越来越重要,直接关系着载荷测量的精度。本文基于MT应变电桥选择方法,给出MT公式中各参数的详细表达式以及具体的物理或数学意义,并对所得载荷方程进行F检验,最后将之应用于某具有较复杂机翼的根部载荷测量。结果表明:该方法可以获得具有可接受精度的弯矩和扭矩载荷方程,由于缺乏足够的剪力应变电桥,剪力载荷方程的误差较大;三者应变电桥之间有耦合的效应。     

有起落架布置的双三角翼载荷测试技术研究

针对起落架布置在机翼上从而很难实现对机翼根部切面载荷测试的问题,结合某型飞机全机载荷测试项目,分析研究了该型机翼的结构特点,并设计机翼根部弯矩、剪力、扭矩测试应变电桥。考虑到外场无承力结构可作为约束载荷点的试验条件,提出全机自平衡多点协调加载标定模型,得到了较准确的载荷标定数据。同时对标定试验数据进行多元回归分析,建立了载荷标定方程,并通过校验工况对载荷标定方程进行了误差分析,大载荷下的误差均不超过5%,可满足一般的工程要求。最后经飞行实测验证,得到了该类机翼根部切面准确的载荷-时间历程。该技术可以运用到有起落架布置的机翼载荷外场测试上,对起落架以内的切面载荷测试可作为通用方法使用。     

飞机结构载荷测量虚拟电桥应变计算方法

在应变法飞机结构载荷测量中,应变电桥在飞机结构上的布置方式是载荷准确测量的关键影响因素,但随新结构及新材料在飞机设计制造中的应用,采用飞行器结构力学方法对受载结构定性分析以确定应变电桥布置方案的方法难以满足载荷高效精准测量的要求。针对该问题,基于空间应变理论及有限元仿真方法提出了虚拟电桥应变计算方法,在飞机结构有限元模型上构建虚拟电桥,通过虚拟电桥应变响应对其进行受载响应特性评估,以保证真实条件下以该方式布置的电桥可准确反映待测载荷。采用该方法对某起落架结构载荷测量电桥进行计算,与试验结果对比表明,该方法计算结果准确,可为应变改装提供有效量化依据,提升载荷测量精度及效率。     

一种用于飞行载荷实测的改进动态模型建立方法

载荷模型在使用应变计法的飞行载荷实测中占有重要地位,基于地面静态校准数据和空中动态飞行数据,建立一种动态的载荷模型,并提出一种剔除强影响应变计的相对准则,形成一种改进的动态模型建立方法。通过和传统动态建模方法的比较验证了改进方法的正确性,在地面检验工况中发现改进方法比传统的动态建模方法精度高。最后将之应用于某型机翼根部的飞行载荷实测,结果发现:和传统静态建模方法比较,弯矩差5%,剪力差3%,由于该方法更代表空中实际飞行状况,其结果可能更可靠。     

导弹挂飞载荷的校准试验分析

为得到某型导弹的挂飞载荷,采用杆式内置六分量应变天平方法进行测量,详细介绍了该方法的基本原理,为飞行实测导弹挂飞载荷提供了一种思路。该方法的测量结果可用于风洞试验和计算流体力学仿真分析结果的对比。介绍了集成有应变天平的挂飞导弹的载荷校准试验,来验证应变天平的测量误差和测量能力。分析试验数据可知,该方法的测量精度满足飞行实测要求。     

基于应变法飞机起落架舱门载荷实测研究

飞机起落架舱门能否正常收放及其收放能力的大小直接影响飞机飞行安全。利用理论计算和风洞试验来计算无法得到舱门真实载荷,必须通过飞行试验来对理论计算和风洞试验结果进行修正,从而优化舱门设计。以某型飞机起落架舱门载荷测量为例,基于应变法对舱门载荷进行了飞行实测,并对舱门受载进行了分析,对起落架舱门及其收放机构优化设计提供数据支持。试验证明,该方法可有效用于舱门拉杆载荷实测。     

基于应变法的非常规细长拉杆飞行载荷实测技术

操纵舵面铰链力矩测量是飞机飞行载荷实测的重要部分,传力拉杆(连杆)载荷实测是铰链力矩测量关键手段。以某型飞机舵面拉杆载荷测量为例,提出基于应变法的非常规细长拉杆飞行载荷实测技术,并将其用于该机定型试飞中。结果表明,该方法可有效用于非常规细长拉杆飞行载荷实测;如果选择合适的应变改装位置,类似结构可只进行单向载荷校准试验。     

仿真与实测多信息融合的机械结构外载荷反演技术

针对机械结构在复杂工况下载荷边界条件难以确定的问题,提出一种仿真与实测多信息融合的外载荷反演技术.首先建立待研究结构的有限元模型,在结构外载荷作用位置施加单位载荷,计算构件全场应变响应;然后基于D-最优设计原则得到应变测试的测点最佳布置方案和最优载荷系数矩阵,据此建立外载荷与应变间的动态响应关系;根据得到的测点布置方案...     

基于多点协调加载试验的机翼飞行载荷模型研究

研究了基于多点协调加载试验的机翼飞行载荷测量技术。在某型飞机机翼载荷校准试验中,使用了自动液压加载系统,并研制出新的飞机约束装置,从而实现了多点协调加载试验,其中试验数据由机载测试系统进行采集。提出了建立机翼载荷模型的方法,最后通过地面检验试验和飞行试验验证了机翼载荷模型的合理可靠性。结果表明:该方法能够建立更高精度的机翼载荷模型。     

某商用车驾驶室疲劳载荷分解及验证

驾驶室疲劳耐久性能开发是卡车设计和制造中一项非常重要的工作,但是驾驶室疲劳载荷很难通过试验获取。在开发前期获取驾驶疲劳载荷,并对驾驶室进行疲劳仿真分析,将会提高并推动驾驶室疲劳耐久性能开发。针对上述问题,提出了一种获取驾驶室疲劳载荷的方法。首先采集驾驶室悬置车身端加速度,然后建立了421驱动模式的驾驶室刚柔耦合多体动力学模型,使用Femfatlab进行虚拟迭代分解了驾驶室疲劳载荷,最后通过对比虚拟应变与实测应变验证了疲劳载荷的准确性,以及该方法的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.