一步法合成香叶基砜

以香叶醇(geraniol)为底物,醋酸钯〔Pd(OAc)2〕为催化剂,三苯基膦(PPh3)为配体,经Tsuji-Trost反应一步合成了香叶基砜。研究了Pd催化剂和Lewis酸的种类、用量、催化剂和配体摩尔比、溶剂、反应温度和时间对反应收率的影响。较佳的合成条件为:n(geraniol)∶n〔Pd(OAc)2〕∶n(PPh3)∶n(三乙基硼)∶n(苯亚磺酸钠)=1∶0.05∶0.1∶1.1∶1.2,以THF为溶剂66℃反应18h,或以DMF为溶剂80℃反应16h,收率均达93%以上。     

3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八碳醇酯合成工艺改进

3- ( 3,5 -二叔丁基 - 4-羟基苯基 )丙酸十八碳醇酯 (抗氧剂 1 0 76)是以 3- ( 3,5 -二叔丁基 - 4-羟基苯基 )丙酸甲酯、十八碳醇为原料 ,以二辛基氧化锡为催化剂 ,在二甲苯溶剂中合成的。利用正交实验研究了影响反应的因素 ,如原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等 ,从而确定了最佳反应条件。最佳工艺条件为 :原料配比为 n[3- ( 3,5 -二叔丁基 - 4-羟基苯基 )丙酸甲酯 ]∶n(十八碳醇 )=1∶ 1 ,催化剂二辛基氧化锡用量为 3- ( 3,5 -二叔丁基 - 4-羧基苯基 )丙酸甲酯的 1 .5 % (质量分数 ) ,于 1 30～ 1 35°C反应 4h,收率可达 97%以上 ,且后处理简单。产品经红外光谱及熔点分析 ,可确定该产品为目标产品     

硼酸与5-苯基-四氮唑复合盐的合成

以苯甲腈、叠氮钠等为原料,经偶合,成盐合成了硼酸复合5 苯基四氮唑。研究了反应时间、反应温度对产品收率的影响。实验表明:在n(苯甲腈)∶n(叠氮钠)=1∶1.1,催化剂用量为反应物总量的25%,120℃反应20h可得到收率90%的5 苯基四氮唑。在n(5 苯基四氮唑)∶n(硼酸)=1∶1,120℃反应30min的条件下,可得到约90%的标题化合物。原料经二步反应后的总收率为81%。     

一种合成苯基硼酸频哪醇酯的新方法

工业上多采用将苯基溴代物金属化后再经过硼化和酯化反应合成苯基硼酸频哪醇酯,但该方法具有反应条件苛刻、官能团兼容性差、收率较低等缺点。研究了以苯基氯代物为原料,在Pd催化体系下,以B2(pin)2为硼试剂,在室温下合成其硼酸酯的新方法。研究表明,在0.5 mol%Xphos-Pd-G2和0.25 mol%Xphos催化体系下,以B_2(pin)_2为硼试剂、K_3PO_4·7H_2O为碱、Et OH为溶剂,在室温下反应1 h,含不同取代基的苯基硼酸频哪醇酯收率均在92%以上。该方法具有原料廉价易得、官能团兼容性好、条件温和、操作简便、反应高效、适合大量制备等优点。     

抗氧剂二[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)]丙酸丁二醇酯合成研究

以活性炭负载二(乙酰丙酮基)钛酸二异丙酯作催化剂,1,4-丁二醇、3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯为原料合成二[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)]丙酸丁二醇酯,分别考查了合成反应的时间、原料量的比和催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响。得到了最适宜的条件是:反应温度为100～105℃,反应时间10 h,n(1,4-丁二醇)∶n(3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸甲酯)为0.1∶0.215;使用7.0 g催化剂、40 g溶剂(在0.1 mol 1,4-丁二醇的情况下)。二[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)]丙酸丁二醇酯的收率可达到96.12%以上。催化剂可循环多次使用。该催化剂的优点是价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、环境污染小。     

1,2-二苯乙炔的合成研究

以溴苯和苯乙炔为原料,经过Sonogashira偶联反应得到1,2-二苯乙炔,产物结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和ESI-MS确证。并对Sonogashira偶联反应条件进行研究,确定最佳条件为:物料比为n (溴苯)∶n (苯乙炔)=1.5∶1;催化剂Pd(PPh3)2Cl2用量为n(Pd(PPh3)2Cl2)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.04∶1;PPh3用量为n(PPh3)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.3∶1;Cu I用量为n(Cu I)∶n(苯乙炔)=0.1∶1;反应溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和三乙胺的混合溶剂(V∶V=2∶1);反应温度70℃;反应时间8 h;产物收率为88.7%。按照最佳反应条件,4-甲氧基溴苯与4-甲氧基苯乙炔反应得到1,2-双(4-甲氧基苯基)乙炔,收率为84.3%。     

乙炔双羰基化催化合成丁（烯）二酸酯

以乙炔(C_2H_2)、CO和正丁醇为原料,采用PdBr_2为主催化剂,在常压、55℃条件下,双羰基化一步合成丁(烯)二酸丁酯。考察了催化剂用量、助剂种类及用量、溶剂种类、反应温度和反应时间对丁(烯)二酸二丁酯收率的影响。结果表明,在Pd Br2用量0.04g,n(PdBr_2)∶n(LiBr)=1∶8,甲基磺酸0.1 mL,30 mL乙腈为溶剂,n(C2H_2)∶n(CO)=1∶2,101 kPa,55℃,反应3 h的反应条件下,丁(烯)二酸二丁酯的收率达到76.11%。     

甲基苯基碳酸酯均相催化合成工艺的优化

以碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二苯酯为原料合成甲基苯基碳酸酯,对合成工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,最佳合成条件为:n(碳酸二苯酯):n(碳酸二甲酯)=3∶1,反应温度170℃,滴加速度1.2 m L/min,催化剂用量为碳酸二苯酯质量的5.5%,反应时间2 h。在此条件下,碳酸二苯酯转化率98.4%,甲基苯基碳酸酯收率69.8%。     

乙炔双羰基化催化合成丁(烯)二酸二丁酯

以乙炔(C_2H_2)、CO和正丁醇为原料,采用PdBr_2为主催化剂,在常压、55℃条件下,双羰基化一步合成丁(烯)二酸丁酯。考察了催化剂用量、助剂种类及用量、溶剂种类、反应温度和反应时间对丁(烯)二酸二丁酯收率的影响。结果表明,在Pd Br2用量0.04g,n(PdBr_2)∶n(LiBr)=1∶8,甲基磺酸0.1 mL,30 mL乙腈为溶剂,n(C2H_2)∶n(CO)=1∶2,101 kPa,55℃,反应3 h的反应条件下,丁(烯)二酸二丁酯的收率达到76.11%。     

3,4-亚甲基二氧苯基-2-丙酮的合成

以黄樟素为原料合成了抗高血压药甲基多巴的重要中间体 3,4 亚甲基二氧苯基 2 丙酮。该工艺由环氧化和异构化两步反应组成 ,研究了不同催化剂、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对体系的影响。优化的反应条件为 :环氧化反应 :1,2 二氯乙烷作溶剂 ,n (催化剂 )∶n(黄樟素 ) =0 0 0 39∶1 0 0 0 0 ,n (催化剂 )∶n (H2 O2 ) =0 0 0 46∶1 0 0 0 0 ,n (H2 O2 )∶n(黄樟素 ) =0 87∶1 0 0 ,反应时间 4h ,反应温度 83～ 85℃ ,环氧化的收率可达 92 % ;异构化反应 :以乙酸乙酯作溶剂 ,LiI作催化剂 ,n(LiI)∶n(粗产物 ) =0 0 45∶1 0 0 0 ,反应时间 6h ,反应温度 78～ 80℃ ,异构化收率可达91% ,w(3,4 亚甲基二氧苯基 2 丙酮 ) >95 %     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。