含孔复合材料层合板的疲劳寿命研究

建立了三维有限元模型,分析了复合材料层合板的应力场。使用修正Hashin失效准则判定复合材料的失效模式,并突降失效单元的材料性能。疲劳载荷引起复合材料刚度降和强度降依靠缓降模型实现。笔者将突降模型和缓降模型植入有限元模型中,模拟了复合材料层合板在拉伸和压缩疲劳载荷下的渐进损伤过程,并计算了层合板的纵向刚度损伤和疲劳寿命。层合板的纵向刚度损伤具有三阶段特点,与试验观察是一致的。层合板疲劳寿命预测值与试验值吻合地很好。     

低速冲击下复合材料层合板分层损伤的数值模拟

为了分析冲击载荷作用时层合板的损伤情况,建立"子板-弹簧元"的三维有限元分析模型.在该模型中将连续铺层相同的单层作为一层合子板,相邻子板间采用弹簧单元连接.采用该模型对一层合板的冲击过程进行分析,分析过程中结合失效准则预测失效模式,然后定义对应的弹簧单元失效来实现材料性能参数的衰减.计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,同时得出一些有用的结论.     

层合板低速冲击损伤的数值模拟

为了分析复合材料层合板在冲击载荷作用下,层合板的损伤演化发展情况,结合采用单元失效技术和铺层刚度退化技术建立层合板低速冲击的三维有限元分析模型。在该模型中,当有限元模型中的单元发生某种冲击失效形式时,定义该单元发生部分失效,并将其刚度适当的退化。计算发现冲击背面容易产生基体开裂,并由此导致分层发生,而且靠近冲击背面的界面所产生的分层面积要较靠近冲击正面的界面的分层面积要大;随着冲击能量的增大,分层面积也增大;当冲击能量很高时,铺层内会出现纤维断裂,同时在层合板的边界处也容易出现损伤,计算结果和试验结果吻合。     

开孔层合板双轴拉伸渐进损伤分析与试验验证

基于渐进损伤分析方法,建立十字架层合板[0/90]4 s的逐渐损伤有限元模型。通过开发参数化应用程序,实现在ANSYS中的仿真应用。研究分析3种加载比对层合板双轴拉伸强度与破坏行为的影响,将有限元模型与试验进行对比验证,其强度计算值与试验值之间最大误差为9%。有限元仿真得出的失效位置与试验吻合较好,可见该模型能合理预测层合板双轴强度并可用于失效分析。     

复合材料受损板的结构分析与强度预测

基于三维逐渐损伤理论,通过采用ANSYS二次开发语言APDL,建立了含孔复合材料层合板的三维有限元模型,通过对层合板进行施压,综合考虑了层合板基体开裂、基纤剪切、分层和纤维断裂四种主要失效模式,并基于刚度退化准则,分析了复合材料层合板内部损伤的产生和扩展过程,求出了层合板的最终失效值。     

基于累积损伤的三维复合材料层合板疲劳寿命研究

基于渐进疲劳损伤模型,建立复合材料层合板的三维疲劳寿命预测模型,模型以单向板单轴疲劳试验数据为基础,结合正则化剩余刚度模型、正则化剩余强度模型和等寿命曲线,通过层合板三维应力分析、失效分析和材料性能退化的循环迭代进行疲劳寿命计算,在Ansys软件平台上利用APDL语言编写相应的计算程序,估算不同铺层参数层合板在单轴和多...     

复合材料风电叶片细观失效准则及其损伤演化

针对复合材料风电叶片在实际使用过程常常出现损伤的问题,提出一种基于细观失效准则的复合材料细观损伤分析模型。采用通用单胞模型(Generalized method of cells,GMC)对具有周期性的单向复合材料层合板进行细观建模,并且引入基于Huang模型的细观失效准则和刚度退化准则,从细观层面上分别对纤维和基体的失效模式进行表征,对4种单向复合材料层合板的渐进损伤过程进行数值模拟。在试验验证过程中,先对两种不同状态(含损伤和无损伤)的复合材料风电叶片进行了静力加载试验,采用光纤光栅传感器监测损伤对风电叶片应变的影响;然后通过典型的单向层合板的拉伸破坏试验得到的应变曲线来验证本算法的有效性。结果表明:当复合材料风电叶片中存在损伤时,将降低其承载能力,并且应变值变化明显,可以通过应变来监测叶片的健康状态;提出的模型能够通过得到的应变曲线准确地预测单向复合材料层合板的力学性能和破坏强度值。     

碳纤维复合材料层合板三点弯曲损伤仿真研究

研究碳纤维复合材料在弯曲载荷作用下的失效形式与损伤过程,以预测材料抗外力损伤性能,指导碳纤维复合材料车身结构设计。进行碳纤维复合材料性能试验和三点弯曲试验,获得材料力学性能参数。建立基于Tiebreak算法的碳纤维复合材料层合板三点弯曲有限元模型,与试验对比验证模型的有效性。研究单元划分方式和Tiebreak接触层设置方式对仿真结果的影响规律,实现碳纤维复合材料分层破坏和纤维断裂的复杂失效及弯曲大变形损伤过程模拟。研究结果表明,计算精度与Tiebreak接触层设置相关,层合板弯曲变形的层间裂纹和层内裂纹扩展速度不同且相互影响。     

粘性系数对复合材料层合板的渐进损伤影响

在渐进失效分析法的基础上,为研究粘性系数(η)对层合板结构最终失效的影响,以含有中心贯穿式孔裂纹的E-glass/HT907复合材料层合板为研究对象.采用工程上使用较为普遍的Hashin准则作为结构失效单元的判别依据,结合各种损伤模型,对层合板结构的破坏机理、材料失效后的损伤扩展过程以及结构发生破坏后的最终失效载荷进行了合理阐述.利用此方法探讨了不同粘性系数影响下对复合材料结构的极限承载力的影响,同时可以清楚的了解到材料结构的局部和整体应力损伤分布情况以及发生损伤后载荷的重新分布和损伤扩展途径,为基于有限元复合材料层合板结构的极限承载力分析、设计提供参考.试验表明,此预测结果与试验结果基本吻合.     

低速冲击作用下层合板损伤试验研究与数值分析

参照标准试验方法,开展了层合板低速落锤冲击试验,获取了不同冲击能量下凹坑深度等试验数据,并对含冲击损伤层合板进行了剩余压缩强度试验。研究了凹坑深度-冲击能量、剩余压缩强度-凹坑深度的变化关系,并讨论了低速冲击过程中的损伤演变过程和层合板的压缩破坏模式。建立了层合板低速冲击损伤分析模型,分别采用Hashin失效准则和界面单元模拟单层失效与分层损伤,利用有限元分析了层合板低速冲击过程,得到了不同冲击能量下分层损伤面积。结果表明,凹坑深度可以较好地表征层合板抵抗冲击的能力,随着冲击能量的增大,剩余压缩强度随凹坑深度的增加而明显降低。有限元分析得到的分层损伤面积与含损伤层合板超声C扫描结果吻合较好。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.