使用麦汁澄清剂卡拉胶改善啤酒非生物稳定性的探讨

论述了麦汁澄清剂卡拉胶,能够有效地同啤酒中引起非生物浑浊的蛋白质、类脂、葡聚糖等结合,形成沉淀析出,从而使麦汁澄清透明,有利于提高啤酒的非生物稳定性。对卡拉胶的特性,澄清麦汁的原理以及生产应用情况,使用效果进行了具体的阐述。     

卡拉胶作为啤酒澄清剂的特性

一种新型的ＨＹＧＵＭＲＢＦ-４９０型卡拉胶在啤酒生产中可作为生产助剂,既有助于加工处理,又不残留于最终产品中。这种卡拉胶是从某些红藻衍生而得,将之于粉末状或片剂在麦汁煮沸处理结束前３０分钟加入,用量为４～２０ｇ／１００Ｌ。可增加麦汁的产率,改进麦汁和啤酒的透明度和稳定性,改进啤酒过滤性能卡拉胶作为啤酒澄清剂的特性@仲然@琼方     

麦汁澄清剂-卡拉胶的研究现状

麦汁澄清剂—卡拉胶能够加快麦汁中蛋白质沉淀,特别是十分有效地除去冷浊蛋白质,从而大大改善麦汁的浊度,提高啤酒的非生物稳定性。本文论述了卡拉胶的结构、性质、生产工艺、作用原理及质量标准等方面的研究现状和展望。     

麦汁澄清剂(卡拉胶)对啤酒酿造的影响

麦汁澄清剂(卡拉胶)是海洋藻类中提取的大分子 D-半乳聚糖,在麦汁煮沸时带负电荷,而麦汁中的蛋白质颗粒带正电荷,它们相遇电荷相互中和,形成电中性密实的凝聚物,达到去除麦汁中高分子蛋白质的目的,以提高啤酒非生物稳定性。我们通过一年多对卡拉胶在啤酒生产中的应用性试验,初步得出了一些有关数据,现总结如下:     

卡拉胶在啤酒酿造过程的应用初探

论述了麦汁澄清剂－卡拉胶能够加快麦汁中蛋白质沉淀，特别是十分有效地除去冷浊蛋白质，从而大大改善麦汁的浊度，提高啤酒的非生物稳定性。从理论到实际应用方面阐述卡拉胶的特点、使用方法、注意事项以及实验小试比较和在大生产的应用情况。     

卡拉胶在啤酒酿造中的应用

麦汁澄清剂－卡拉胶能够加快麦汁中蛋白质沉淀,特别是除去冷浊蛋质十分有效,大大改善麦汁的浊度,从而提高啤酒的非生物稳定性。     

卡拉胶在啤酒酿造过程的应用

主要论述麦汁澄清剂一卡拉胶能够加快麦汁中蛋白质沉淀,特别是除去冷浊蛋白质十分有效,大大改善麦汁的浊度,从而提高啤酒的非生物稳定性。具体从理论到实际应用方面阐述卡拉胶的特点、使用方法、注意事项以及实验小试比较和我公司在大生产的应用情况。     

卡拉胶在啤酒酿造中的应用

主要论述麦汁澄清剂———卡拉胶能够加快麦汁中蛋白质沉淀,特别是除去冷浊蛋白质十分有效,大大改善麦汁的浊度,从而提高啤酒的非生物稳定性。     

采用经济煮沸技术降低啤酒TBA值

麦汁在煮沸过程中过度受热会产生啤酒焦糊味，采用经济煮沸技术，充分脱除DMS，调整蒸发量，降低麦汁局部过热程度，降低啤酒TBA值，不仅可以改善啤酒质量，而且可以节约大量的能源。实验表明，传统煮沸与经济煮沸的TBA差值为4．2，TBA值显著降低；可凝固性氮差值为0．9mg，也明显得到降低，改善了啤酒的口味和风味稳定性；同时节约蒸汽20％左右。     

小知识

啤酒的浓度世界各国啤酒的原麦汁浓度相差很大,范围从2.5—22％。 1.营养啤酒原麦汁浓度为2.5—5.0％,酒精含量为0.5—1.8％。 2.佐餐啤酒原麦汁浓度为4.0—9.0％,酒精含量为1.2—2.5％。 3.贮藏啤酒原麦汁浓度为10.0—14.0％,酒精含量为3.2—4.2％。     

一种新型的啤酒澄清剂——-卡拉胶泡腾片的研制

目的：研究一种新型啤酒澄清剂。方法：采用单因素试验确定卡拉胶泡腾片的生产工艺：利用低温热风干燥法,干燥温度45℃,干燥时间6h。采用正交试验方法确定泡腾片配方：泡腾剂用量20%,柠檬酸:碳酸氢钠=1:1(W/W),卡拉胶用量30%,润滑剂用量2.5%。结果：在麦汁煮沸后加入泡腾片,能改善麦汁外观质量,加快过滤速度,节约硅藻土用量及能耗,酿制出的啤酒各项指标符合国家或企业标准。     

Effects of β‐Glucans and Environmental Factors on the Viscosities of Wort and Beer

This paper reports on the influence of molecular weight and concentration of barley β‐glucans on the rheological properties of wort and beer. Environmental conditions such as pH, maltose level in wort, ethanol content of beer, shearing and shearing temperature were also examined for their effects on wort and beer viscosities. In the range of 50–1000 mg/L, β‐glucans increased solution viscosity linearly with both molecular weights (MW) of 31, 137, 250, 327, and 443 kDa and concentration. The influence of MW on the intrinsic viscosity of β‐glucans followed the Mark‐Houwink relationship. Shearing wort and beer at approximately 13,000 s^?1for 35 s was found to increase the wort viscosity but reduce beer viscosity. Shearing wort at 20°C influenced β‐glucan viscosity more than shearing at 48°C and 76°C whereas the shearing temperature (0, 5 and 10°C) did not effect the viscosity of beer. At lower pHs, shearing was found to reduce the viscosity caused by β‐glucans in wort but had no effect in beer. Higher concentrations of maltose in wort and ethanol in beer also increased the viscosity of β‐glucan polymers. It was found that β‐glucans had higher intrinsic viscosities in beer than in wort (5°C), and lower critical overlap concentrations (C^*) in beer than in wort.     

100%大麦啤酒酿造过程中老化Strecker醛的研究

分别采用上面发酵工艺与下面发酵工艺进行100%大麦啤酒及100%麦芽啤酒的酿制,并对其麦汁的氨基酸含量、老化Strecker醛、自由基以及新鲜啤酒中老化Strecker醛的含量等进行了对比分析。研究发现,就麦汁而言,100%大麦麦汁中老化Strecker醛的含量都明显低于100%麦芽麦汁;同样的麦汁,上面发酵方式还原Strecker醛的能力明显优于下面发酵方式。就啤酒而言,经酵母还原后,新鲜啤酒中的老化Strecker醛含量较麦汁含量低,且100%大麦啤酒中老化Strecker醛的含量低于100%麦芽啤酒中的含量。100%麦芽麦汁的自由基含量是100%大麦麦汁的近3倍。这都预示着100%大麦啤酒的风味稳定性（新鲜度）明显好于100%麦芽啤酒。     

应用糖浆高浓酿造啤酒的工艺浅析

高浓酿造啤酒起源于20世纪70年代美国和加拿大，现已遍及欧美啤酒行业。其优点有：(1)提高糖化和发酵设备利用率，节省投资；(2)降低能耗和成本；(3)提高糖分的转化率；(4)提高啤酒非生物稳定性和质量；(5)可添加稀释水、麦芽提取物、酒花萃取物及糖浆生产多类型产品，灵活性较大。缺点有：(1)酒花利用率低；(2)起泡性和稳定性下降；(3)对啤酒酵母有不利影响；(4)发酵时间延长；(5)对水质要求严格；(6)需调整原料、糖化工艺和发酵工艺；(7)长期生产需专门的糖浆贮存设备和糖浆添加泵；(8)不宜酿造浓醇型啤酒。     

3-甲硫基丙醛对啤酒麦汁味的影响及其GC/MS定量检测方法的建立

对3-甲硫基丙醛在啤酒中的风味特点及对啤酒麦汁味的影响进行了研究,并对其在啤酒中的阈值进行了测定,研究结果表明啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛具有类似于谷物蒸煮的味道,描述为麦皮味,与麦汁味相近,且其含量的高低与麦汁味成显著正相关,可以用3-甲硫基丙醛作为表征啤酒麦汁味的指标。经感官品评测定其在啤酒中的差别阈值为5.0μg/L。对样品进行蒸馏萃取结合GC-MS,建立了一种测定麦汁或啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛的方法,采用外标法定量,该法的相关系数为0.9952,精密度为4.57%,回收率为83.71%～92.48%,检出限为0.015μg/L。应用这一方法检测了不同啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛的含量,发现普通啤酒都在50μg/L以下,结合其差别阈值,得到啤酒中3-甲硫基丙醛的控制标准为不超过55μg/L。     

反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定啤酒中有机酸

建立了一种利用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定啤酒中 9种有机酸的方法。应用反相C18色谱柱Nucleosil 10 0C18　 2 5 0× 4 0mm ,以 0 1mol/LKH2 PO4(用H3 PO4调 pH3 0 )为流动相 ,紫外检测 2 15nm ,将啤酒中草酸、丙酮酸、苹果酸、α 酮戊二酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、琥珀酸一次性分离。除柠檬酸外各种有机酸的回收率在 85 %以上 ,变异系数 <5 %。该方法简便、快速、准确。此外 ,对影响有机酸分离的因素进行了研究 ,并测定了国内市售的十几种啤酒中的有机酸含量     

SIMPLE PEPTIDES OF WORT AND BEER

The nitrogenous constituents of wort and beer have been fractionated and peptides have been separated from amino acids by chromatography on DEAE cellulose. Examination of corresponding fractions by electrophoresis and chromatography reveals that whereas there is a selective uptake of wort peptides by yeast, other peptides in beer are not present in the wort and have been formed during fermentation. Approximately 40% of wort peptides are used during fermentation.     

THE INFLUENCE OF FREE ALPHA-AMINO NITROGEN IN SORGHUM BEER FERMENTATIONS

The interactions of wort free α-amino nitrogen (FAN) and sugar in sorghum beer fermentations were quantified and a simple equation derived. This equation describes the wort FAN demand as a function of the sugar concentration necessary to produce a fully fermented beer within 48 hours. The influence of wort FAN on sorghum beer fermentations had not been quantified so research was undertaken to define sorghum beer yeasts' requirement for wort FAN and the interactions that occur between wort FAN and sugar. Laboratory, sorghum malt and adjunct, worts mashed to cover a wide range of FAN and wort sugar concentrations, were fermented and analysed. The initial wort FAN affects the ethanol production rate, FAN uptake and sugar utilisation rates.     

Brewing with 100% Oat Malt

Oats are a cereal with beneficial nutritional properties and also unrealized brewing potential. Furthermore, oats can be tolerated by the majority of people who suffer from celiac disease. Malting of oats produced a malt, which was found suitable for brewing a 100% oat malt beer. The mashing regime, designed by using mathematical modelling, was successfully transferred to a pilot scale plant. The improved lautering performance of oat malt was due to its higher husk content, which also led to a lower extract content in oat wort when compared to barley wort. The protein profile of oat wort, as measured by using Lab‐on‐a‐Chip analysis, revealed that there was no significant difference in the protein profile between oat and barley wort. The fermentation of oat and barley worts followed the same trend; differences could only be seen in the higher pH and lower alcohol content of the oat beer. The flavour analysis of oat beer revealed some special characteristics such as a strong berry flavour and a lower amount of staling compounds when forced aged. This study revealed that it was possible to brew a 100% oat malt beer and that the produced beer was comparable to a barley malt beer.