用ASPEN PLUS软件分析双效精馏节能的影响因素

结合实际数据,用ASPEN PLUS软件分析了5种双效精馏中两效之间的原料分配及前效的分离纯度对节能率的影响,阐述了实现节能最佳应遵循的原则。与其他4种双效精馏相比,并流型的节能效果最好,与单效精馏相比可节约热能49.14%。     

精馏过程的节能技术

论述了精馏过程的节能原理，从改变操作条件、改变流程等方面提出了多项节能措施     

操作压力与精馏节能

讨论了精馏节能技术对操作压力的要求，分析了压力变化对精馏过程的影响。结合作者的实际经验阐述改变精馏操作压力所获得的节能效果．     

精馏过程节能技术

本文总结了精馏过程主要的节能技术,按照流程是否改变及是否利用过程技术对各类技术的进行分类,即过程技术节能,特殊精馏工艺和精馏塔高效材料等类型,对各个类型的主要节能方法、优缺点和适用范围进行了综述,并介绍了我国精馏过程的节能现状与趋势.     

化工节能中的热泵精馏工艺流程分析

介绍了几种典型的精馏热泵流程 ,分析了它们的特点、应用条件及节能效果 ,供进行热泵精馏可行性设计时参考。     

MVR热泵精馏处理回收稀DMAC水溶液

针对稀DMAC水溶液中DMAC的回收,提出了三种机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)热泵精馏方案,即MVR-常规两塔精馏工艺、三级MVR单塔精馏工艺和三级MVR三塔精馏工艺.采用Aspen Plus化工流程模拟软件,以能耗最低为目标函数,对以上三种工艺方案分别进行了模拟与优化,得到了每种热泵精馏方案合适的工艺参数和设备参数.研究结果表明:与常规单塔精馏工艺相比,以上三种MVR热泵精馏工艺节能分别为81.7％、69.9％和90.3％;因此就节能而言,采用三级MVR三塔精馏工艺为最佳;基于综合经济效益评价,MVR-常规两塔精馏工艺为处理本体系的最佳精馏工艺.     

热泵精馏的节能工艺流程分析

热泵精馏是一项高效节能技术,本文拟介绍几种基本的热泵精馏流程,分析它们的特点及适用条件,以供进行热泵精馏可行性设计时参考。     

高效节能的热泵技术

简要介绍了几种典型的热泵精馏和热泵干燥流程,并对其应用、特点及节能效果进行了讨论。     

单双效结合运行的溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵

在传统的单效和双效溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵的基础上,开发单双效结合运行的溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵机组。当用户需求热水温度较低时,机组以双效模式运行;反之,机组则以单效模式运行。克服了溴化锂第一类吸收式热泵供热系统中机组模式单一化、运行效率低的缺点,实现了一台机组两种模式运行的方案,提高了设备和资源的利用率,具有良好的节能效益和经济效益。     

多级精馏装置的节能研究与分析

探讨了几十种基本的多级精馏装置的流程，并从节能的角度研究和分析它们的特点及适用条件。     

基于数据包络分析法的发电商运营效率测算及影响因素

基于数据包络分析法效率评价模型,在考虑传统技术、规模因素的基础上,将影响发电商运营效率的发电可靠性和环境约束等因素纳入分析,建立了输入/输出变量体系,对发电商运营效率实施评估。算例分析表明,数据包络分析法能有效地评估发电商运营效率,并为发电企业的未来发展提供相应的决策支持。     

提高注汽锅炉运行热效率研究

根据油田注汽锅炉热平衡测算数据及结果分析,找出了其运行热效率低的原因。影响注汽锅炉运行热效率的主要因素是排烟温度和空气系数,测算分析表明,大部分注汽锅炉二者均超标。根据注汽锅炉特点提出了提高运行热效率的技术措施,即空气系数调节技术、化学清烟垢技术和烟气余热回收技术。工程应用表明,节能及经济效益显著。     

Effects of temperature uncertainty on the performance of a degrading PEM fuel cell model

The performance of a fuel cell is subject to uncertainties on its operational and material parameters. Among operational parameters, temperature is one of the most influential factors. This work focuses on this parameter. A statistical analysis is developed on the output voltage of proton exchange membrane fuel cell models. The first model does not include any degradation, whereas the second one introduces a degradation rate on the cell active area. To complete the simulation work, a full factorial design is carried out and a statistical sensitivity analysis (ANOVA) is used to compute the effects and contributions of important parameters of the model on the output voltage.     

循环水系统操作费用的优化研究

建立了循环水系统操作费用模型,讨论了各种因素对循环水系统运行费用的影响规律。干球温度,空气相对湿度,冷却塔鼓风量等因素的变化直接影响循环水出塔温度,而出塔温度的变化对系统的循环水量具有很大的影响,如从28℃增加到30℃时,循环水量增加20％左右,输送费用也会相应地增加。昆明地区,冬季循环水出塔温度为22．5℃时,操作费用最低,而夏季循环水出塔温度为27．5℃时,操作费用最低,另外,水价,电价不同也会影响系统最佳出塔温度选取。因此,相同的系统在不同的季节,不同的地区,具有不同的最佳操作参数。     

金属膜生物反应器运行参数的优化研究

采用正交试验法对浸没式平板金属膜生物反应器(MBR)进行运行参数的优化研究。试验选择抽停时间比、曝气量、反洗频率与反洗水量等4个参数为因素,使用膜操作压力变化率K进行评价,结果表明各参数对膜过滤性能的影响为:抽停时间比>反洗频率>反洗水量>曝气量;优化运行参数为:抽停时间比6∶1,反洗频率2次/h,反洗水量2m3/(m2.d),曝气量10L/min。膜过滤阻力组成部分的测定表明,滤饼层阻力为膜阻力的主要组成部分,曝气量过大会导致膜内部污染的加剧。     

脉冲流化床气固流动特性的影响因素

脉冲流化床极易受操作条件的影响而表现出不同的流态化。从脉冲流化床的气固两相(脉冲气流和固体颗粒)的物理属性入手,综述能影响脉冲流化床气固流动特性的相关因素、影响机理及如何调整这些因素以得到较高的流化质量;展望该领域需进一步研究的问题。     

Offshore wind turbine reliability and operational simulation under uncertainties

The fast‐growing offshore wind energy sector brings opportunities to provide a sustainable energy resource but also challenges in offshore wind turbine (OWT) operation and maintenance management. Existing operational simulation models assume deterministic input reliability and failure cost data, whereas OWT reliability and failure costs vary depending on several factors, and it is often not possible to specify them with certainty. This paper focuses on modelling reliability and failure cost uncertainties and their impacts on OWT operational and economic performance. First, we present a probabilistic method for modelling reliability data uncertainty with a quantitative parameter estimation from available reliability data resources. Then, failure cost uncertainty is modelled using fuzzy logic that relates a component's failure cost to its capital cost and downtime. A time‐sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented to simulate operational sequences of OWT components. This operation profile is later fed into a fuzzy cost assessment and coupled with a wind power curve model to evaluate OWT availability, energy production, operational expenditures and levelised cost of energy. A case study with different sets of reliability data is presented, and the results show that impacts of uncertainty on OWT performance are magnified in databases with low components' reliability. In addition, both reliability and cost uncertainties can contribute to more than 10% of the cost of energy variation. This research can provide practitioners with methods to handle data uncertainties in reliability and operational simulation of OWTs and help them to quantify the variability and dependence of wind power performance on data uncertainties.     

海上风电筒型基础结构体系阻尼特性研究

针对某筒型基础海上风电结构,基于实测振动响应数据,采用随机子空间法对所测海上风电结构的阻尼进行识别,研究海上风电筒型基础结构在停机及运行状态下阻尼的变化规律。结果表明：在停机状态下,海上风电筒型基础结构的顺风向阻尼和横风向阻尼均随外界风速的增大呈增长趋势,两者的平均值分别为0.952%和0.973%;当风电机组处于运行状态时,顺风向运行阻尼随外界风速的增大呈增长趋势,阻尼平均值在3.87%~5.28%之间变化,而对于横风向运行阻尼,其变化趋势受外界因素的影响较小,阻尼平均值在整个风速范围内在1.74%~3.37%之间变化,横风向运行阻尼小于顺风向运行阻尼。     

Effect of storage thermal behavior in seasonal storage solar heating systems

An analytical methodology has been developed to investigate the effects of storage operational strategies (or, equivalently, stratification) on the performance of a seasonal storage solar heating system with a water storage. The method is based on a relative comparison between a thermally stratified and well-mixed storage system representing probable extreme outcomes of the subsystem-to-storage loop control strategies. The effects are incorporated into a set of performance reduction factors that describe maximum changes in the solar collector yield, storage losses and solar fraction due to storage operational mode. The study indicates that the storage thermal behavior could in the worst case affect the yearly solar fraction by a factor of 2, but most likely a maximum value from 1.35 to 1.6 could be expected.