铜精炼炉保温过程铜液温度软测量模型及应用

基于铜精炼炉保温过程热工机理,建立了铜精炼炉保温过程铜液温度软测量模型,在铜液温度软测量的算法设计中采用数据预处理、黄金分割法搜索区间及其函数链神经网络在线校正等技术。实际应用结果表明,铜精炼炉保温过程铜液温度软测量可以反映保温过程铜液温度的真实变化,有助于实现铜精炼炉精炼过程铜液温度软控制以及提高铜精炼过程的生产效率和生产质量。     

铜火法精炼炉降低还原天然气单耗的生产运用分析

文章选用东南铜业火法厂精炼炉铜阳极板为例,阐述以吹炼粗铜及流程冷铜为原料,通过氧化去除杂质后,使用天然气为还原剂进行还原除氧,产出合格阳极铜。然而在生产中,火法精炼炉工艺仍存在,如天然气的单耗较高、氧化还原时间较长等诸多问题。对此,文章针对阳极精炼浅氧化进行研究,探究铜火法精炼炉降低天然气单耗的生产应用措施,以便更好地将天然气能耗有效降低。     

再生铜火法精炼的设计与实践

叙述了再生铜火法精炼炉型的选择以及反射炉杂铜火法精炼王艺流程的改进措施.     

长短腿RH精炼炉替代摇包冶炼铁合金新方法

优化摇包生产工艺是冶炼中低碳锰铁与中低碳铬铁的研究重点。借鉴炼钢用RH精炼炉的基本原理,提出采用长短腿RH精炼炉替代摇包生产铁合金的新方法。介绍了炼钢用RH精炼炉的基本工艺思想,并对长短腿RH精炼炉用于实现渣金两个液相混合的原理、方法与可行性进行了分析。分析表明,长短腿RH精炼炉可以完成渣金两相的高效混合与快速分离,同时还可以借鉴RH精炼炉的精炼功能完成洁净铁合金生产;解决长腿耐火材料的使用寿命问题是实现长短腿RH精炼炉实际生产的关键问题。     

长短腿RH精炼炉用于替代摇包冶炼铁合金的新方法

优化摇包生产工艺是冶炼中低碳锰铁和中低碳铬铁的研究重点。文章借鉴炼钢用RH精炼炉的基本原理,提出了采用长短腿RH精炼炉替代铁合金生产用摇包的新方法。首先介绍了炼钢用RH精炼炉的基本工艺思想,并对长短腿RH精炼炉用于实现渣金两个液相混合的原理、方法与可行性进行了分析。分析表明,长短腿RH精炼炉可以完成渣金两相的高效混合与快速分离,同时还可以借鉴RH精炼炉的精炼功能,完成洁净与纯净铁合金生产。解决长腿耐火材料的使用寿命问题是长短腿RH精炼炉进行实际生产的关键问题。     

双喷还原装置在固定式阳极炉的应用

根据固定式阳极炉杂铜精炼还原装置的使用现状,针对单喷还原的缺点,应用新装置提高再生铜火法精炼还原作业效率、降低能源及减少劳动力,在实践生产应用中取得了显著成效,适合火法铜冶炼还原工序输送粉煤基还原剂的作业。     

拉矫机辊端轴承失效分析及改进措施

分析了镀锌线拉矫机工作辊辊端轴承的几种失效形式。通过改进辊端轴承的结构形式、提高辊盒的装配精度、增加湿拉矫的喷嘴流量和优化工艺参数等措施,使拉矫机工作辊辊端轴承的损坏数量明显减少,降低了镀锌产品的成本,提高了生产效率,保证了生产的稳定顺行。     

铜火法精炼中用煤基还原剂代替重油的研究及应用

本文以火法精炼的理论基础为依据,介绍了煤基还原剂的特点、设备及操作要求。同重油相比,煤基还原剂在铜回转式精炼炉还原期间既能杜绝产生大量黑烟,又能缩短还原时间,降低生产成本。     

废杂铜电解用添加剂的研究及生产实践

采用杂铜进行电解精炼时,每一批次原料的杂质种类及含量范围有较大的波动,难以借鉴以矿铜为原料的电解精炼生产经验。在铜电解精炼中加入添加剂是提升阴极铜质量的有效措施之一,本文对杂铜电解精炼中添加剂骨胶、硫脲、盐酸的行为和作用机理进行了研究:骨胶的加入可以使阴极铜表面平整光滑,但需要控制好温度(约65℃),并要定期适量加入;盐酸离子作为添加剂,可增加电铜表面光亮度,氯离子浓度应控制在0.04～0. 05 g/L;骨胶的加入量为硫脲量5～6倍。生产实践中,添加剂用量会受到电流密度和酸浓度的影响,需要进行试验确定最优生产条件。     

龙钢品种钢生产工艺研究

龙钢通过控制精炼过程中精炼炉的到站温度、精炼后钢中氧的含量、合金的加入量,连铸采用全保护浇铸、全水冷却和电磁搅拌,轧钢采用控轧控冷,成功实现了品种钢的生产。指出石灰质量差是影响转炉和精炼炉脱硫率低的主要原因,通过降低钢水过热度、进一步调整电磁搅拌频率可以减少钢中的裂纹、中心疏松。     

Valuing a practice for a partnership

The hot topic from Capitol Hill in Washington to Capitol Hill in Jefferson City is health care reform. President Clinton started the ball rolling during the campaign in 1992 by including health care reform in his platform. He continued the effort after his election by appointing his wife, Hillary, to chair a task force to present an outline for federal legislation. Since the package was presented to Congress, there has been much discussion, lobbying, and rumoring about the implications of health care reform and what it could mean to all of us as dentists. On the home front, Governor Carnahan has introduced legislation in Missouri to reform the health care system. This effort is known as the Missouri Health Assurance Plan (H.B. 1622). Missouri Dental Association members are vitally concerned about the impact of health care reform on their practice, their taxes, their relationship with their patients and employees, and on their ability to seek out health care services since each member is also a consumer of health care. This article represents answers to some of the questions being asked by MDA members in order that they might be more aware of the activities by the MDA, the ADA, and other levels of organized dentistry relating to health care reform.     

When a physician makes a mistake

Inevitably, doctors make mistakes in the normal course of providing care. Making a mistake often causes distress for the doctor involved, but it can also be an important source of knowledge and self-reflection. This article discusses central aspects with respect to mistakes and medical malpractice. The doctor's relationship to ethics and legislation is discussed, and an overview of the administrative action taken by the Norwegian health authorities is presented. The organisations and offices a physician may come into contact with when involved in a patient's complaint are briefly presented. "Meldesentralen" was formed in 1993 by the Norwegian Directorate of Health for the purpose of collecting reports on accidents in medical practice. We argue that the accidents reported to "Meldesentralen" do not reflect the true situation on this issue. We introduce a model for a systematic approach towards a colleague who has made a mistake or who is suspected of having made one.     

Aspiration of a primary tooth in a patient with a tracheostomy

We report a clinical case of a patient affected by splenic non-Hodgkin lymphoma and virus C hepatitis. It seems that this kind of association is original because as far as we know the association between non-Hodgkin lymphoma and HCV did not include non-Hodgkin lymphoma involving the spleen. Indeed, in our patient, there was an increase of CD/57 lymphocytes. In our opinion this could be interesting in the disorders of the immune system associated with lymphoma.