基于关键词权重的XML查询结果排序方法

XML关键字查询结果质量不高的一个很重要的原因是查询关键词难以反映用户真实的查询意图,而给关键词设置权重在一定程度上可以解决这一难题. 本文结合关键字之间的结构关系提出了一种新的结果排序方法,该方法给查询关键词设置权重,并参照查询关键词的权重给包含关键字的结点设定结点权重,然后根据关系树中的结点权重和关键词之间结构关系^[1]统计SLCA结点的重要程度,再以此依据对查询结果进行排序,最后返回给用户有序的查询结果. 实验结果和分析表明,提出的排序方法具有较高的准确率,能够较好地满足用户查询的需求和偏好.     

模糊XML关键字近似查询方法研究

在精确XML文档上的关键字查询方法的研究大多是基于LCA语义或者其变种语义(SLCA,ELCA等)开展的,将包含所有关键字的最紧致XML子树片段作为查询结果返回。但是这些基于LCA语义产生的查询结果中通常包含了大量的冗余信息,现实世界中存在着大量的不确定和模糊信息,因而如何从模糊XML文档中搜索到高质量的关键字查询结果是一个需要研究的问题。针对模糊XML文档上的关键字近似查询方法进行研究,通过引入最小连接树(MCT)的概念,提出在模糊XML文档上关键字查询的所有GDMCTs问题,并给出解决这一问题的基于栈的算法All fuzzy GDMCTs,该算法可以得到满足用户指定的子树大小阈值和可能性阈值条件的所有GDMCTs结果。实验表明,该算法在模糊XML文档上能够得到较高质量的关键字查询结果。     

MXDR:一种基于关键字的XML多文档分布式检索方法

基于关键字的XML检索技术是近几年信息检索领域的研究热点.但是由于关键字缺少XML结构语义信息,检索结果和用户需求偏差较大,检索质量难以提高;而XML结构检索由于用户难以提出准确描述查询意图的查询表达式而难以普及.另一个更突出的问题是现有的XML检索研究绝大多数都集中在单文档上,缺乏实用性.因此提出一种基于关键字的结构检索方法,即用分布式方式实现对多XML文档的检索,简称为MXDR(Multi-XML Distributed Retrieval).MXDR首先用一种兼顾结构和内容的聚类方法对多文档进行分类,通过分析查询关键字和类别结构信息,确定分布查找策略,再结合查询关键字和XML的结构信息,构建结构查询语句,最后通过结构查询系统实现关键字检索.在多组真实数据Sigmod数据集上的验证结果表明,与经典的SLCA方法比较,MXDR方法具有较高的查全率和查准率,尤其在检索效率上MXDR方法有显著优势.     

基于查询片段松弛的XML小枝近似查询方法

为了解决普通用户对XML文档的近似查询问题,提出一种基于查询片段松弛的XML小枝近似查询方法.该方法利用查询历史推测用户偏好,进而根据用户偏好为原始小枝查询中的每个查询片段分配重要程度,然后基于查询片段重要程度对原始小枝查询条件进行松弛处理,最不重要的查询片段最先松弛,从而确保获取最为相关的查询结果;最后,根据对原始查询和用户偏好的满足程度,将得到的满足松弛查询条件的结果进行排序.实验结果表明,本文提出的查询松弛和结果排序方法能够获得较高的查全率和准确率,并且能较好地满足用户需求和偏好.     

基于最小相关实体子树的XML关键字查询算法

针对目前XML关键字查询结果中包含了许多无意义的节点的问题,提出了一种语义相关的查询算法。由于XML文档具有半结构化和自描述的特点,通过充分利用节点间的语义相关性,提出了最小最低实体子树（SLEST）的概念,在这个概念中,关键字之间仅存在物理连接关系;为了捕获关键字之间的IDREF引用关系,提出基于最小相关实体子树（SIEST）的算法,并利用最小最低实体子树和最小相关实体子树代替最小最低公共祖先（SLCA）作为查询结果。实验结果表明,提出的算法能有效提高XML关键字查询结果的查准率。     

寻找XLCA的XML数据流TOP-K关键字查询算法

XML关键字查询是一个用户比较方便的信息搜索方法,非常适用于用户在不熟悉XML查询语言和底层结构的情况下进行信息查询。现有的XML数据流上关键字查询多采用查找SLCA结果集的方式,为了解决基于SLCA结果集定义的不完备性,引入了基于XLCA的结果集定义,使其查询包含尽可能全的结果。文中对于XML数据流提出利用滑动窗口模型保存数据,基于XLCA的结果集定义,提出了一种TOP-K关键字查询算法,并从理论上证明了此算法的正确性和查询的完备性,分析了其时间复杂性和空间复杂性。     

基于Hole-Filler模型的XML数据流上的SLCA算法

与传统数据库对XML数据的处理不同,对XML数据流的处理不仅受实时性的约束,还受存储空间的限制.在XML片段无序传送的广播模型中,考虑在XML数据流上进行高效的关键字查询,进而首次提出近似SLCA算法.SLCA算法利用结构Hash表和LCA表对关键字进行匹配并计算SLCA,从而避免冗余操作.同时,SLCA算法可以对匹配结果立即输出而不必等到数据流传输结束.实验结果表明,基于Hole-Filler模型的XML数据流上的SLCA算法在节省时间和空间开销方面均表现出较好的性能.     

Rtop-k:基于结构松弛的XML关键字近似查询方法

目前,现有的大多数关键字查询方法都是计算XML包含关键字元素的最紧致片段,这类方法大都忽略了XML文档中嵌入的结构关系,而XML结构化查询能够准确捕捉用户查询的信息,具有较高的准确率.将结构化查询方法与关键字信息检索相结合,通过分析关键字与XML文档的结构关系判断用户查询的需求,将面向对象的思想和松弛查询的方法引入到关键字查询方法中,提出一个新的XML关键字近似查询框架(Rtop-k).实验结果表明,所提近似查询方法能够较为准确地捕捉用户的查询意图,具有较高的查全率和查准率.     

基于结构摘要的XML关键字检索

基于最低最小公共祖先(SLCA)的XML关键字搜索语义,提出一种使用XML结构摘要(summary)对关键字进行索引的方法XKSS.XKSS索引方法通过避免重复存储大量XML树上的含义相同的节点,大幅度降低了索引的空间耗费,并提高了查询性能.基于XKSS建立的索引,提出一个算法SSB-SLCA来计算SLCA节点.实验表明,基于XKSS的关键字搜索方法能够更高效地寻找关键字的SLCA.     

一种基于XML小枝查询片段松弛的近似查询与结果排序方法

提出了一种基于XML小枝查询片段松弛的近似查询与结果排序方法来实现用户在XML文档中的近似查询:通过收集用户的查询历史来推测用户偏好,并以此计算原始小枝查询分解得到的查询片段的重要程度,然后按照重要程度的排序进行查询松弛;在松弛方法中,根据查询片段数目的不同采用不同的松弛方法,若片段数目较多则以查询片段为粒度对其松弛,较少则以查询结点为粒度对数值查询与非数值查询采用不同的方法进行松弛,得到最为相关的近似查询结果;最后按近似查询结果对原始查询和用户偏好的满足程度进行排序并输出。实验证明,该近似查询方法能够较好地满足用户的需求和偏好,具有较高的查全率和准确率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.