融合类别信息和用户兴趣度的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤直接根据用户的行为记录去预测其可能感兴趣的项目,是现今最成功、应用最广泛的推荐技术。推荐的准确度受相似性度量方法效果的影响。传统的相似性度量方法主要关注用户共同评分项之间的相似度,忽视了评分项目中的类别信息,在面对数据稀疏性问题时存在一定的不足。针对上述问题,提出基于分类信息 的评分矩阵填充方法,结合用户兴趣相似度计算方法并充分考虑到评分项目的类别信息,使得兴趣度的度量更加符合推荐系统应用的实际情况。实验结果表明,该算法可以弥补传统相似性度量方法的不足,缓解评分数据稀疏对协同过滤算法的影响,能够提高推荐的准确性、多样性和新颖性。     

一种改进的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法是电子商务推荐系统中应用最成功的推荐技术之一,而影响协同过滤推荐算法准确率的关键因素是用户相似性度量方法。针对传统相似性度量方法没有考虑共同评分项数量对推荐质量的影响,将用户之间的共同评分项数量作为相似性计算的一个重要指标,从而得到一种改进的相似性度量方法。但这仍然不能解决数据稀疏带来的推荐质量下降的问题,鉴于此,在上述改进的基础上,提出了利用复杂网络中的结构相似性来度量用户之间相似性的方法,使计算结果更具实际意义和准确性。实验表明,通过这些改进能够有效避免传统方法带来的弊端,提高系统的推荐质量。     

基于项目评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法

推荐系统是电子商务系统中最重要的技术之一.随着电子商务系统用户数目和商品数目的日益增加,在整个商品空间上用户评分数据极端稀疏,传统的相似性度量方法均存在各自的弊端,导致推荐系统的推荐质量急剧下降.针对用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法的不足,提出了一种基于项目评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法,根据项目之间的相似性初步预测用户对未评分项目的评分,在此基础上,采用一种新颖的相似性度量方法计算目标用户的最近邻居.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地解决用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法存在的问题,显著地提高推荐系统的推荐质量.     

基于巴氏系数和Jaccard系数的协同过滤算法

针对传统基于邻域的协同过滤推荐算法存在数据稀疏性及相似性度量只能利用用户共同评分的问题,提出一种基于巴氏系数和Jaccard系数的协同过滤算法（CFBJ）。在项目相似性度量中,该算法引入巴氏系数和Jaccard系数,巴氏系数利用用户所有评分信息克服共同评分的限制,Jaccard系数可以增加相似性度量中共同评分项所占的比重。该算法通过提高项目相似度准确率来选取最近邻,优化了对目标用户的偏好预测和个性化推荐。实验结果表明,该算法比平均值-杰卡德差分（MJD）算法、皮尔森系数（PC）算法、杰卡德均方差（JMSD）算法、PIP算法误差更小,分类准确率更高,有效缓解了用户评分数据稀疏所带来的问题,提高了推荐系统的预测准确率。     

协同过滤中基于用户兴趣度的相似性度量方法

在个性化推荐算法中,相似性计算方法是决定算法推荐效率的关键。通过分析传统的相似性度量方法在推荐系统中存在的不足,提出了一种基于用户兴趣度的相似性计算方法。该方法利用用户对不同项目类别的兴趣程度与用户评分相结合进行用户之间的相似性计算,克服了传统相似性计算方法仅仅依据用户评分进行相似性计算的不足,并在一定程度上减少了评价数据稀疏的负面影响。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地克服传统相似性方法中存在的不足,使推荐系统的推荐质量有明显提高。     

基于改进相似性度量的项目协同过滤推荐算法

针对传统协同过滤推荐算法遇到冷启动情况效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于项目相似性度量方法（IPSS）的项目协同过滤推荐算法（ICF_IPSS）,其核心是一种新的项目相似性度量方法,该方法由评分相似性和结构相似性两部分构成：评分相似性部分充分考虑两个项目评分之间的评分差、项目评分与评分中值之差,以及项目评分与其他评分平均值之差;结构相似性部分定义了共同评分项目占所有项目比重,并惩罚活跃用户的逆项目频率（ⅡF）系数。在Movie Lens和Jester数据集下测试算法准确率。在Movie Lens数据集下,当近邻数量为10时,ICF_IPSS的平均绝对偏差（MAE）和均方根误差（RMSE）分别比基于Jaccard系数的均方差异系数的项目协同过滤算法（ICF_JMSD）低3.06%和1.20%;当推荐项目数量为10时,ICF_IPSS的准确率和召回率分别比ICF_JMSD提升67.79%和67.86%。实验结果表明,基于IPSS的项目协同过滤算法在预测准确率和分类准确率方面均优于基于传统相似性度量的项目协同过滤算法,如ICF_JMSD等。     

基于评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法

传统的基于评分预测的协同过滤算法在计算用户之间相似性时只针对用户共同评过分的物品计算评分差异,然而由于不同用户共同评分的物品数目不同,使得计算标准不统一,从而导致推荐质量不理想。本文在传统算法的基础上进行改进,新算法在计算相似性的时候一方面考虑了用户共同评分的物品数,另一方面还考虑了物品的热门程度对用户相似性计算的影响。实验结果表明,新算法在推荐准确率和召回率上都比传统算法提高了1倍以上。研究还发现在算法中使用Pearson相关系 数明显好于使用欧氏距离作相似性度量标准得到的推荐效果。     

基于互信息的项目协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤算法是经典的个性化推荐算法,其中相似度度量方法直接影响推荐系统的准确率。针对用户评分极端稀疏情况下传统相似度度量方法均存在各自的弊端,导致推荐系统的推荐精度不高问题,提出了一种基于互信息的项目协同过滤推荐算法。该算法将互信息作为相似度度量方法,不仅考虑了变量之间的线性或非线性相关性,而且还能挖掘变量之间的相关性强弱。另外,由于共同评分的项目用户数很少,在互信息方法基础上引入了一个平滑系数因子,来缓解共同评分过少项目之间相似性度量不准确问题。最后,在公开的MovieLens、Jester两个数据集上进行了大量对比实验。实验结果表明,新算法能在一定程度上提高推荐系统的预测准确率,并能缓解数据稀疏性问题。     

基于云填充和混合相似性的协同过滤推荐算法的研究

针对传统推荐算法的相似性度量准确性不高及数据极端稀疏性等问题,提出一种基于云填充和混合相似性的协同过滤推荐算法。首先通过云模型填充用户-项目评分矩阵,然后对相似性度量方法进行改进,将基于时间序列的用户间影响力融合到基于Jaccard系数的相似性度量方法中。在MovieLens数据集上的验证结果表明,改进后的算法提高了推荐精度同时在一定程度上克服了数据稀疏性的影响。     

个性化推荐中一种新的相似性计算方法

个性化推荐是电子商务系统中最重要的技术之一,随着用户数目和商品数目的日益增加,在整个商品空间上用户评分数据极端稀疏,传统的相似性度量方法存在各自的弊端,导致推荐系统的推荐质量急剧下降。针对传统相似性度量方法的不足,提出了一种新的基于模糊相似优先比的相似性度量方法,根据项目之间的相似性预测用户对未评分项目的评分,在此基础上,采用相似优先比计算目标用户的最近邻居。实验表明,该度量方式能够提高个性化推荐系统的推荐质量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。