面向自主Web服务的注册中心模型及其实现技术

为了应对互联网环境的开放性和动态性,加强对Web服务态势的管控,并为自主Web服务应用的开发提供支持,对传统的SOA架构进行了扩展,提出了一个面向自主化Web服务的注册中心模型。该注册中心不仅支持Web服务的基本注册功能,还提供了对Web服务态势信息的管理能力。介绍了自主服务的生命周期模型以及描述模型,给出了自主服务注册中心的关键技术,并开展案例分析来验证模型和实现技术的可行性。     

基于MDA与Web服务的企业应用集成研究

为解决传统集成方法的诸多弊端,实现企业内部异构环境下不同应用系统的集成以及与企业外部信息系统的有效通信,本文介绍了Web服务的原理技术以及模型驱动架构的基本思想,提出了一种基于Web服务的动态通用集成框架,并讨论了模型驱动架构在企业应用集成以及Web服务开发中的应用。     

主动服务体系架构的设计与实现

本文在深入研究和分析了当前Web服务技术的优势和不足的基础之上，总结了Web服务的发展方向和技术路线，并根据当前Web服务架构，首次提出了主动服务体系架构，实现了“以人为中心”的个性化Web服务的主动服务体系架构模型，并就该模型的设计和实现给出了可行的设计方法。     

Web服务信誉度评估模型的研究

对Web服务的信誉度、信誉关系属性和信任类型进行了形式化的定义,并据此来评估Web服务的信誉行为,考虑到Web服务信誉度的不确定性,在引入信誉量化概念的基础上,对现有的UDDI规范进行扩展,提出了Web服务信誉度评估模型,并深入研究了Web服务的信誉度评估方法及模型的实现方案,与其它的Web服务信誉度模型相比,该模型通过使用客户反馈、主动监视的机制以及采用第三方权威机构评价Web服务的信誉度,从而保证了信誉度的公平性和有效性.     

基于CPN模型的REST服务架构标准特征验证方法研究

当前REST服务架构广泛应用于大规模、可扩展的分布式Web系统中,若应用REST服务架构时不遵循其标准特征,则可能导致基于REST服务架构的Web系统出现性能下降、可扩展性低等问题。因此,实现基于REST服务架构的Web系统前,需要对该系统设计是否满足REST服务架构标准特征进行验证,以提升基于REST服务架构的Web系统的研发质量。提出一种基于CPN模型的REST服务架构标准特征验证方法,即对REST服务架构的五个标准特征约束进行CPN建模,并使用模型状态空间执行路径同步匹配的验证方法,以应用系统的CPN模型和标准特征约束的CPN模型为基础,对模型状态空间中的各自执行路径进行同步匹配,若路径可同步执行完毕,则说明该应用系统满足该REST标准特征约束。以基于REST服务架构的课程管理Web系统为例,验证上述方法的可用性和有效性。实验结果表明,本文所提验证方法可以有效确认基于REST服务架构的Web应用系统设计是否符合REST服务架构的标准特征约束,并在不符合标准特征约束时提供直观、可行的执行数据,便于后续完成应用系统设计缺陷定位及修正。     

Agent技术在Web服务中的应用探讨

Web服务是一组采用面向服务的体系架构的基于标准的Web协议的软件构件,而Agent是一种在某个环境中自主行动以实现其设计目标的智能化软件实体.Web服务与多Agent系统(MAS,Multi-Agent System)在架构、范例和技术方法等方面具有很大的相似性.Web服务的可信性是未来计算机软件发展关键的问题,实现Web服务在分布式环境下的协同式测试具有一定的挑战性.本文在探讨Web服务与Agent技术的共性的基础上,分析并总结了Agent技术在Web服务中的应用.针对Web服务测试的开放性、协同性、动态性和不确定性等特点,结合Agent系统的自主性、反应性、适应性和社会性,本文提出了一种基于MAS的Web服务测试框架(MAST,Multi-Agent-based Service Testing),并对其关键技术进行了探讨.     

基于SOA架构的Web服务组合系统

应用SOA架构是构建松散耦合Web服务组合系统的一个有效途径.本文在深入研究Web服务组合系统一般工作流程的基础上,提出了一种基于SOA架构和分层协议栈机制构建Web服务组合系统的方法,给出了服务分层模型和分层协议栈,设计并实现了一个基于SOA架构的松耦合原型系统来实现Web服务组合,可为Web服务组合的研究和企业应用提供灵活的实验及应用开发平台.     

常用Web服务技术研究

随着Web服务的发展,如何从大量的Web服务实现方式中选择出一种适合自己的Web服务已经成为一种难题。文中从三种常用的Web服务:远程过程式调用(RPC)、面向服务的架构(SOA)以及表征状态转换(REST)出发,首先简要阐述了各自的特点以及Web服务的区别。然后从扩展性、灵活性和开销上对传统的RPC风格和REST风格进行了对比分析,发现REST更加简单而且有效,对服务的生产者可以降低创建服务的成本,对服务的消费者可以降低学习的曲线等诸多优势。最后认为REST采用的是一种新的思维,更加充分地利用了现行Web的特性,更加符合Web的设计初衷,并探讨了REST服务的未来发展,为Web服务架构的发展提供了一些方向。     

基于Web服务的动态工作流系统的研究与实现

分析了面向服务的计算环境及服务组合的新特征和新问题,并在此基础上从面向业务用户的角度对基于Web服务的动态工作流进行了探讨,提出一种基于Web服务的动态工作流模型。以该模型为基础,设计了具有三层结构的基于Web服务的动态工作流系统,按照该架构并基于J2EE平台实现了系统,对基于Web服务的动态工作流应用提供了系统支撑与验证环境。     

基于QoS和多级索引的Web服务发布订阅

发布订阅机制有利于实现对大规模Web服务的主动管理,提出了基于QoS的Web服务发布订阅模型和系统架构,设计了基于QoS和多级索引的Web服务匹配算法。Web服务的QoS属性和订阅的属性约束所形成相应的匹配关系构成模型的关键;将发布的Web服务及其QoS和服务订阅一起生成过滤矩阵,通过属性约束覆盖可以减少重复匹配;按QoS属性类型对发布的Web服务建立多级索引,生成属性到服务的映射,可以实现服务订阅的快速匹配。实验结果表明,该Web服务发布订阅系统比传统方法有较大提升,能够适应于大规模分布式Web服务管理。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).