基于k跳回溯机制的服务切换路由重建算法

在当前几种常见的路由重建算法基础上,提出了一种基于k跳回溯机制的服务切换路由重建算法.根据移动终端的移动速度和网络的实际带宽情况动态选择位置更新信息的逆向回溯跳数k.本算法在位置更新信息的回溯过程中,寻找k跳范围内最优的路由重建公共点,使得呼叫节点经过该节点到达移动终端目标用户站的通信路由能够得到优化.同时,本算法要求接收到位置更新信息的中间节点以其到达目标用户站的最优通信路由转发接收到的数据包,降低服务切换过程中的数据包转发代价,使正在进行的网络服务能够在原用户站和目标用户站之间平滑地切换.     

基于人工鱼群的ABC支持型QoS单播路由机制

下一代互联网NGI(Next Generation Internet)需要提供服务质量QoS(Quality of Service)路由能力,支持总最佳连接ABC(Always Best Connected).但是,由于链路状态的难以精确测量与用户QoS需求的难以准确表达,因此QoS路由基于的信息实际上是模糊的.同时,在网络运营日益商业化的环境下,支持ABC需要兼顾用户和网络提供方利益,考虑双方效用共赢.为此,文中引入模糊数学、概率论和博弈论知识,设计了一种ABC支持型QoS单播路由机制.该机制采用区间形式描述用户QoS需求和边(链路)参数,引入用户满意度和边评价,通过博弈分析,基于人工鱼群算法,寻找使用户和网络提供方效用达到或接近Nash均衡下Pareto最优的QoS单播路径.仿真结果表明,该机制是可行和有效的.     

粒子群优化ABC支持型QoS单播路由机制

设计了一种ABC支持型QoS单播路由机制,采用区间形式描述不精确用户QoS需求和边（链路）参数,引入用户满意度、边评价和精英解集,通过博弈分析,应用粒子群优化算法,寻找使用户和网络提供方效用达到或接近Nash均衡下Pareto最优的QoS单播路径。仿真结果表明,该机制是可行和有效的。     

小世界优化ABC支持型单播路由机制

设计一种ABC支持型QoS单播路由机制,采用区间形式描述用户QoS需求和边（链路）参数,引入用户满意度和边评价,通过博弈分析,基于小世界优化算法寻找使用户和网络提供方效用达到或接近Nash均衡下Pareto最优的QoS单播路径。仿真研究结果表明,该算法是有效的。     

认知网络中基于无性繁殖优化的组播路由算法

为了保证网络用户的服务质量,认知网络与可信网络从提高网络的智能性与可信性方面提供了保证机制.基于人工免疫系统的智能化特征,在认知网络架构的基础上,提出了一种基于无性繁殖优化的可信QoS组播路由算法.该算法将免疫器官的功能集成在网络节点中,使其具备认知能力.同时,采用滑动窗口思想设计信任评价机制,对每个网络节点的行为记录进行信任评价.根据无性繁殖优化机制,基于用户满意度和节点的信任值进行路由选择,得到满足用户服务质量需求的可信路由最优解.最后,在仿真平台上将该组播路由算法与经典组播路由算法进行性能评价,结果表明,该算法能够为网络用户提供更好的服务质量.     

基于组织进化的ABC支持型单播路由机制

提出一种支持总最佳连接ABC(Always Best Connected)的服务质量QoS(Quality of Scrvicc)单播路由机制。该机制采用区间形式刻画用户QoS需求和网络链路参数;引入偏好序列,以满足用户对不同类型网络的偏爱;引入概率密度函数、满意度函数和评价函数,以精确测量网络链路参数值和准确表达用户QoS需求;引入成本、价格、费用和博弈机制,兼顾用户和网络提供方利益;基于组织进化算法OEA(Organizational Evolutionary Algorithm),寻找使各方效用达到或接近Nash均衡下Paret。最优的QoS单播路径。仿真结果表明,该机制是可行和有效的。     

基于蜂群的ABC支持型QoS单播路由机制

下一代互联网NGI(Next-Generation Internet)需要提供服务质量QoS(Quality of Service)路由,支持总最佳连接ABC(Always Best Connected).但是,由于链路状态的难以精确测量与用户QoS需求的难以准确表达,因此路由机制应该具备处理模糊信息的能力.同时,在网络运营日益商业化的环境下,路由时应该兼顾网络提供方与用户利益,支持各方效用共赢.为此,本文引入模糊数学和微观经济学有关知识,设计了一种ABC支持型QoS单播路由机制.该机制采用区间描述用户柔性QoS需求,使用边适合隶属函数适应链路状态不精确,引入边带宽定价、边评判和路径评价,基于蜂群算法,寻找使用户与网络提供方效用达到或接近Nash均衡下Pareto最优的QoS单播路径.仿真结果表明,该机制是可行和有效的.     

基于组织进化的ABC支持型单播路由机制

提出一种支持总最佳连接ABC(Always Best Connected)的服务质量QoS(Quality of Service)单播路由机制.该机制采用区间形式刻画用户QoS需求和网络链路参数;引入偏好序列,以满足用户对不同类型网络的偏爱;引入概率密度函数、满意度函数和评价函数,以精确测量网络链路参数值和准确表达用户QoS需求;引入成本、价格、费用和博弈机制,兼顾用户和网络提供方利益;基于组织进化算法OEA(Organizational Evolutionary Algorithm),寻找使各方效用达到或接近Nash均衡下Pareto最优的QoS单播路径.仿真结果表明,该机制是可行和有效的.     

基于软件定义网络的多约束QoS双路径路由优化方法

针对当前SDN架构存在路由算法复杂度高、QoS流满意度低和单链路故障等问题,提出了一种基于软件定义网络的多约束QoS双路径路由优化算法(SDN＿MCQDP)。利用控制器获得全局网络状态信息,生成基于目的节点的有向无环图。在多约束QoS路由选择阶段,通过拉格朗日松弛对偶算法将多约束问题转化为线性规划问题。使用反向链路删减得到满足多约束QoS的节点不相交的双路径冗余链路,使链路故障后的数据传输得到保障。从路由计算时间、链路利用率、QoS流满意度等方面对算法进行仿真实验。结果表明,与MODLARAC、QT、RMCDP＿RD、H＿MCOP算法比较,SDN＿MCQDP能够有效降低传输时延,减少路由计算时间,提高链路利用率,且在链路发生故障后仍能满足QoS需求。     

基于“适应活性”的QoS组播路由算法

自然灾害、战争等特殊应用场景下通信网络易受到物理攻击和约束条件影响,难以为用户提供稳定服务。传统的QoS路由算法基于稳态网络,在物理攻击与多约束环境下难以适用。针对这一问题,首次提出并求解了"适应活性"模型以综合衡量节点及其相连链路的动态服务性能。进而通过改进蚁群算法,提出了基于"适应活性"的QoS组播路由算法。该算法能够结合外界环境、业务需求与网络状态,综合考虑链路与节点服务性能选择路径,在继承传统蚁群算法优点的同时,解决了外界环境影响节点性能变化导致选路无法达到QoS最优的问题。MATLAB仿真结果表明,该算法能够在网络性能变化时避开低性能节点,快速有效地选择QoS最优路径。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.