基于小波变换和图像矩特征的人脸识别算法

自从1962年Hu提出在模式识别中采用矩不变性以来,矩函数由于具有不随图像平移、变比、旋转而变化的不变性质被广泛用于图像分析中,如不变模式识别,物体分类姿态估计图像编码与重构纹理分割等。同时它所提供的各类几何信息也广泛应用于计算机视觉和机器人技术中。但计算量大和高阶矩受噪声影响较大,一直困扰着矩方法。小波变换可以将图像分解成不同的子波带,低频部分中包含了原始图像的主要信息。这就启发我们:首先,利用小波变换提取图像的低频部分,这就有效地降低了处理图像的维数。然后提取图像的矩     

基于不变矩的高分辨率遥感图像建筑物提取方法

为了有效地对图像进行特征提取, 利用不变矩算法对IKONOS和WorldView两种高分辨率遥感图像的城市建筑物地区进行提取。首先将图像数据经过Canny边缘检测和标记分水岭分割, 然后在此基础上分别利用胡氏不变矩和仿射不变矩对图像进行特征提取; 最后通过实验结果的评价可以证明在建筑物的特征提取上, 仿射不变矩比胡氏不变矩的提取效果更加显著, 进而也证明了利用不变矩算法对高分辨率遥感图像建筑物特征提取这一方法是可行且有效的。     

一种改进的综合纹理和形状特征的图像检索方法

提出一种利用小波进行综合纹理和形状特征的具有旋转、平移和尺度不变性的图像检索算法.使用角向矩加权方向定义图像的主方向来进行坐标轴的旋转矫正,得到图像的旋转不变性表示;采用具有平移和尺度不变性的小波变换对图像进行小波分解,利用各子带的能量作为纹理特征;利用小波分解的逼近子图重构图像并进一步利用Hu不变矩提取其形状特征.最后对纹理和形状特征进行高斯归一化,综合其特征进行检索.实验中对算法的尺度不变性、旋转不变性、平移不变性及对噪声的不敏感性进行了验证,实验结果证明了该算法具有更高的鲁棒性和查准率.     

融合区域和全局特征提取的医学图像检索技术

针对胸部CT扫描图像库,提出了一种融合区域和全局特征提取的医学图像检索方法。为了提取局部感兴趣区域,给出了一种基于灰度层共现矩阵的区域增长算法,分割出病灶区域,再结合迭代阈值算法进行病灶边界的磨合。为了避免身体姿势问题造成的图像角度差异,利用具有旋转不变性的Zernike矩提取图像的全局特征,融合感兴趣区域的形状和分布特性以及整幅图像Zernike矩全局特征作为图像匹配准则的客观依据。实验结果表明,该算法能够比较有效地应用于基于内容的医学图像检索系统中。     

基于多特征的SAR图像的无监督分割

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像灰度变化大、纹理复杂及边界模糊等特点提出了一种基于多特征的sAR图像的无监督分割方法。首先提取了SAR图像的局部矩特征与灰度共生矩阵的统计量(对比度、相关度、嫡、同质性)特征;然后利用主元分析(PCA)的方法对这些有用的特征进行降维处理以得到含有足够类别信息的2维特征;最后使用Mcan Shift方法对具有2维特征信息的像素进行自动聚类。由于Mcan Shift聚类过程中无需提供类别数,因此,这种处理是一个无监督的自动分割过程。采用了多幅SAR图像和13rodatz纹理合成图像做分割实验,结果证明:本方法与单一利用灰度共生矩阵或矩特征的方法相比,分割的准确性明显提高。     

基于分块的图像分割方法研究

图像分割是图像分析的关键步骤,基于阈值的图像分割方法在各领域得到了广泛的应用。在分析图像分割相关背景理论的基础上,针对固定全局阈值在图像分割中的不足,提出了一个基于分块的图像分割方法。首先将待处理图像分为若干大小相同的块,减少被处理对象所含的异常;然后采用基于矩的阈值的选取方法,分别对每一块图像数据进行二值分割处理;最后将各块数据汇总,重新恢复成一幅图像。实验证明了该方法在人物背景分离、基本轮廓提取等方面的有效性。     

采用K-means的脑肿瘤磁共振图像分割与特征提取

大脑肿瘤分割对于医师判断肿瘤恶化程度非常重要。然而,由于肿瘤的不规则形状、与周围组织的低对比度以及出现位置的不固定,给脑肿瘤的精确分割带来很大的困难。传统的K-means分割方法仅仅利用图像的灰度特征,很难准确分割肿瘤边界。利用灰度共生矩阵提取出的纹理特征,并结合图像几何不变矩特征对分割出的脑肿瘤图像进行特征提取。灰度共生矩阵定义为像素对的联合概率分布,是一个对称矩阵,它不仅反映图像灰度在相邻的方向、相邻间隔、变化幅度的综合信息,也反映了相同的灰度级像素之间的位置分布特征,是计算纹理特征的基础;几何矩（不变矩）具有旋转、平移、尺度等特性,能将图像分解为有限特征值,并且通过对比所提取出的同一病人的肿瘤图像的不变矩参数,可以获得该肿瘤几何形状变化程度。实验结果表明,该方法可以同时从纹理和几何特征对图像特征进行描述,与分别采用灰度共生矩阵和不变矩方法进行特征提取相比较,降低了算法计算量,同时提升了算法的抗噪性。     

畸变粘连细胞的高精度图像分割模型仿真

畸变粘连细胞图像分割方法是医学影像领域的重要问题。当前的细胞图像分割技术都是利用边缘像素的差异性特征进行分割,只考虑了细胞之间的挤压形变,没有考虑细胞本身非正常变异带来的形状畸变。利用传统的像素分割方法进行分割的过程中,由于细胞畸变、粘连使得分割阀值很难准确界定,细胞分割精确度降低。提出一种基于自适应阀值的畸变粘连细胞图像分割方法。对畸变粘连细胞图像进行H分量直方图变换,在进行归一化处理的同时进行平滑处理,消除细胞畸变因素造成的干扰;利用最大类间方差法进行迭代处理,搜寻最优分割阀值,得到准确的畸变粘连细胞图像的分割结果。实验结果表明,利用改进算法进行畸变粘连细胞图像分割,能够有效提高分割的精确度,效果令人满意。     

基于图像NMI特征的目标识别新方法

利用物理学相关概念定义了一种新的图像不变特征即归一化转动惯量（NMI）特征,对其不变性进行了分析,提出了基于图像NMI特征的目标识别新方法。实验结果表明：NMI特征具有抗灰度及TRS不变性,且提取方法简,易于实现;与传统的归一化积相关算法、图像不变矩算法相比,该文提出的目标识别方法具有正确率高、速度快等特点。     

一种新的不变矩与神经网络玉米病害识别系统

基于不变矩理论,对玉米病害图像进行二值化、图像归一化处理,提出一种新的、具有较好逼近能力和较强容错能力的RBF-BP神经网络识别系统。利用Hu不变矩特征的平移不变性、比例不变性、旋转不变性和对目标良好的抗干扰性等特性,处理复杂、多变的玉米病害图像,形成不变矩特征矢量样本库。根据Hu不变矩在提取图像特征过程中的可靠性、独立性及数目小的特点和RBF-BP神经网络在识别过程中较好收敛性特点,对玉米病害图像进行特征提取、网络训练和病害特征的识别。仿真实验结果表明RBF-BP神经网络系统的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.