对方案有偏好的直觉模糊多属性决策方法

对属性权重信息不完全、属性值和决策者对方案的偏好信息均以直觉模糊数表示的多属性决策问题提出一种决策方法。首先根据决策者对方案的偏好信息建立多目标规划模型,求出属性权重,接着利用觉模糊加权算术平均算子求出方案的综合属性值,由直觉模糊数的得分函数和精确函数确定方案的排序,最后通过实例证明了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

直觉模糊多属性决策的新方法

针对属性值以直觉模糊数形式给出的多属性决策中确定属性权重的问题,提出了一种直觉模糊数熵权的确定方法,依照传统权熵的确定方法的思路,通过一个公式求得直觉模糊熵;然后求得属性的信息熵;根据传统熵权确定公式得到属性权重,进而利用得分函数对方案进行排序;最后通过算例说明该方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于改进熵和新得分函数的区间直觉模糊多属性决策

针对决策信息为区间直觉模糊数且属性权重完全未知的多属性决策问题, 提出基于改进的区间直觉模糊熵和新得分函数的决策方法. 首先, 利用改进的区间直觉模糊熵确定属性权重; 然后, 利用区间直觉模糊加权算术平均算子集成信息, 得到各备选方案的综合属性值, 进而指出现有得分函数存在排序失效或排序不符合实际的不足, 同时给出一个新的得分函数, 并以此对方案进行排序; 最后, 通过实例表明了所提出方法的有效性.

     

三角直觉模糊决策的权重函数方法

研究了属性值为三角直觉模糊数的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于权重函数的决策方法。给出了三角直觉模糊数的定义、运算法则和截集;定义了三角直觉模糊数关于隶属函数和非隶属函数的精确值和模糊度,以及精确值的指标和模糊度的指标,给出了三角直觉模糊数的排序方法,并将其应用到属性值为三角直觉模糊数的多属性决策问题中;给出了属性值为三角直觉模糊数的多属性决策的步骤;通过数值算例分析和验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于广义直觉语言算子的多属性群决策方法

针对属性权重未知,属性值为直觉语言数的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于直觉语言熵和广义直觉语言算子的群决策方法.定义了直觉语言熵,并利用直觉语言熵确定属性权重,提出了三种直觉语言算子:广义直觉语言加权几何平均(GILWGA)算子、广义直觉语言有序加权几何(GILOWG)算子及广义直觉语言混合几何(GILHG)算子.利用GILWGA和GILHG算子集结信息,采用基于直觉语言数的得分函数及精确函数进行方案排序与择优,最后通过一个算例说明了该方法的有效性和合理性.     

一种对方案有偏好的Vague集多属性决策方法

研究了方案属性值和偏好值均为Vague值的多属性决策问题。针对相关文献中,将由Vague值表示的方案属性值与偏好值转化为直觉模糊数,并根据直觉模糊数表示的方案属性值与偏好值之间的偏差建立规划模型并求解属性权重这一过程,分析了建立的规划模型的不合理性。提出通过最小化直觉模糊数表示的方案综合值与偏好值的偏差,建立并求解一个规划模型计算属性权重的改进方法。通过将Vague值转化为模糊值,利用模糊值矩阵的线性序构造模糊优先矩阵,并对其进行分割,从而实现方案的排序择优。通过一个实例说明了该方法的可行性。     

基于交叉熵的ITFN的多属性决策方法

针对属性值为直觉梯形模糊数且属性权重完全未知的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于交叉熵的决策方法。给出期望值的方法将直觉梯形模糊数转化为直觉模糊数,进而提出直觉模糊数的交叉熵等概念及相关性质。基于各方案与正理想方案的总区别信息最小化原则,建立非线性模型,求出属性权重。用实例说明该方法的有效性。     

基于累积前景理论和Choquet积分的直觉梯形模糊多属性决策

针对属性值为直觉梯形模糊数且属性存在关联性的风险决策问题, 提出一种基于累积前景理论和Choquet积分的直觉梯形模糊多属性决策方法。根据直觉梯形模糊数距离公式定义了直觉梯形模糊信息的前景价值函数, 通过价值函数和决策权重函数计算方案单属性前景值, 并运用Choquet积分融合属性间存在关联性的前景价值信息获得方案综合前景值, 根据综合前景值的大小实现方案的排序和优选。风险投资实例分析说明了该方法的可行性。     

考虑时间序列的动态大群体应急决策方法

针对专家权重和属性权重未知、阶段权重未知且与时间序列有关的动态大群体应急决策问题,提出一种考虑时间序列的动态大群体应急决策方法.首先,提出一个考虑区间直觉模糊数犹豫度的距离公式,定义区间直觉模糊数贴近度,综合考虑贴近度和相似度,用模糊聚类法对大群体专家偏好信息进行聚类;其次,基于现有区间直觉模糊熵公式的不足,提出一个新的区间直觉模糊熵公式,基于此公式考虑专家之间知识水平的差异和各个阶段偏好信息不具遗传性等特点,计算得出专家在不同属性下的权重和属性在各阶段下的权重;再次,考虑时间序列对各阶段权重的影响,构建相对熵模型,对阶段权重进行合理确定,进而利用加权平均算子得到整个决策过程中各方案的综合决策偏好;然后,利用区间直觉模糊数的得分函数和精确函数对方案进行排序,选出最优方案;最后,通过与以往文献的方法对比分析验证所提出方法的有效性和优越性.     

基于云模型的区间直觉模糊数多属性群决策

针对属性值为区间直觉模糊数的多属性群决策问题,考虑到模糊性和随机性对群决策过程及结果的影响,本研究将利用云模型理论结合区间直觉模糊数的特征,运用灰色关联系数法和信息熵理论确定专家和属性权重,通过信息集结构建综合评价云模型.不同于传统的区间直觉模糊数的排序方法,本研究利用云模型的3En规则将区间直觉模糊数进行云转换并通过云相似度确定方案的综合评价值和犹豫度,然后对决策方案进行比较分析.研究结果表明:该方法能够科学有效地进行决策,进而为决策方提供科学依据.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.