PA6/POSS纳米杂化材料的结构与性能

采用熔融共混方法,用环氯官能化笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)改性聚酰胺(PA)6,制备了PA 6/POSS纳米杂化材料.研究表明:环氧化POSS可在一定程度上改善PA 6的低温抗冲击性能,在w(POSS)低于3％时,可提高杂化材料的拉伸强度.此外,环氧化POSS可显著改善杂化材料的介电性能,将环氧化POSS加入PA 6基体...     

聚丙烯酸酯-ZnO杂化材料的光催化性能研究

为了提高纳米ZnO的光催化性能,采用溶液共混法制备了聚丙烯酸酯- ZnO杂化材料,对其光催化性能进行了研究,采用FT - IR、TG -DTG对杂化材料进行了测试.结果表明:杂化材料的光催化性能优于纳米ZnO,降解率可达92.31％,随着ZnO含量增加,杂化材料的光催化性能先增加而后下降.杂化材料具有良好的重复使用性能.FI - IR分析表明在杂化材料中聚丙烯酸酯通过羧酸盐键与纳米ZnO发生杂化.UV - Vis分析表明甲基橙降解较完全.TG - DTG分析表明,杂化材料具有优良的热稳定性,杂化材料的热分解温度可达408℃.     

纳米颗粒杂化膜材料在膜分离过程中的应用及其主要研究方法

目前纳米颗粒杂化膜材料在反渗透、纳滤、超滤、微滤等膜分离过程中被广泛地予以研究,其结果显示纳米杂化膜材料可提升膜材料的分离性能、耐压密性、抗污染性等性能指标。综述了目前纳米杂化膜材料在膜分离过程中的应用概况以及其主要研究方法,认为如何解决膜内纳米颗粒含有率的增加所带来的性能提升,和其产生的缺陷导致的性能下降,这一对矛盾体是今后纳米颗粒杂化膜材料研究的重点。今后对其膜分离机理的研究也将成为新型纳米颗粒杂化膜材料研究发展的主要方向之一。     

聚酰亚胺/无机纳米复合材料的应用及发展

阐述了PI纳米杂化材料的制备方法,并概述了PI纳米杂化材料的类型、特点、性能及应用领域,展望了聚酰亚胺/无机粒子复合材料的发展方向.     

壳聚糖/纳米SiO_2杂化材料的研究

在甲醇和乙酸介质中,通过酸酐与壳聚糖反应,合成了水溶性的N-酰化壳聚糖,并将纳米二氧化硅颗粒与N-酰化壳聚糖水溶液经溶胶-凝胶过程,制备了壳聚糖/纳米S iO2杂化材料。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、元素分析、扫描电镜等方法对杂化材料进行了表征,采用热重分析对杂化材料的热性能进行研究。扫描电镜分析结果表明,杂化材料为纳米尺度的无机S iO2加强化的片状材料,S iO2颗粒分散在材料中,形成均匀的表面;热重分析结果表明,杂化材料的热性能有较大提高。     

聚氨酯/纳米二氧化硅有机-无机杂化材料的制备与性能

以自制的端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯(ITPB)为基体,纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂)为交联固化剂,采用预聚体法制备了一系列不同纳米SiO₂含量的有机-无机杂化材料。阐述了其制备机理,研究了不同固化条件对有ITPB/SiO₂杂化材料力学性能的影响,并对其进行了动态力学分析和X射线衍射分析。结果表明：室温固化14 d后,110℃固化24 h,杂化材料的综合力学性能最佳。纳米SiO₂的添加量越多,杂化材料的储能模量越大。添加质量分数12%的纳米SiO₂杂化材料的抗湿滑性能和操控性能最好,纳米SiO₂添加质量分数为8%时,杂化材料的滚动阻力最小。     

聚酰胺酸盐路线制备聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的微观结构与性能研究

采用聚酰胺酸成盐的方法合成了聚酰亚胺及聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜,考察了三乙胺对聚酰亚胺薄膜耐水性的影响,重点研究了聚酰胺酸盐条件下,二氧化硅含量对聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的微观形态和力学性能、热稳定性的影响.结果表明:分别在无水和有水条件下,通过聚酰胺酸盐得到的聚酰亚胺薄膜均保持了良好的力学性能.采用上述条件下制备的杂化薄膜,在较高二氧化硅含量下得到的杂化薄膜具有良好的透明性,SEM结果显示其二氧化硅粒子尺寸均为纳米级.此外,这些杂化薄膜还具有良好的力学性能和热性能.     

几个高性能树脂基复合材料的研究

介绍了短纤维增强树脂基复合材料、聚酰亚胺纳米杂化薄膜材料和环氧基纳米复合材料方面的研究工作，简要概括了短玻璃纤维、短碳纤维以及与颗粒混合增强树脂基复合材料的研究结果，报道了聚酰亚胺纳米杂化薄膜材料和环氧基纳米复合材料的一些低温性能研究结果。     

聚酰亚胺／纳米Al2O3-SiO2和聚酰亚胺／纳米Si3N4杂化材料的结构与性能研究

将纳米Al2O3-SiO2、Si3N4分别均匀分散于聚酰亚胺（PI）前驱体聚酰胺酸中，经过热亚胺化制备了PI／纳米Al2O3-SiO2和PI／纳米鼠N4杂化材料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、高温微量热天平、静态热机械分析仪和差示热分析仪对杂化材料的微观结构及热性能进行了研究，结果表明，杂化材料中聚酰亚胺和无机纳米粒子之间存在相互作用，形成了复合相态结构；加入纳米Al2O3，SiO2、Si3N4后杂化材料的热稳定性均高于纯聚酰亚胺，但并不完全随无机纳米粒子含量的增加而提高；与纯PI相比，在90～130℃的温度范围内PI-8％Al2O3-SiO2、PI-8％鼠Si3N4热膨胀系数分别降低了约11％和47％，加入8％纳米Al2O3-SiO2、Si3N4后杂化材料的热导率分别提高了约8％和13％。PI／纳米Al2O3-SiO2、Si3N4杂化材料不仅保留了PI原有的优异性能，而且充分发挥了纳米无机粒子对PI的特殊改性性能。     

纳米TiO2/聚氨酯复合工艺及性能研究

通过预聚体分散法合成水性聚氨酯,用直接加入纳米TiO2的方法合成了稳定的纳米TiO2/聚氨酯杂化材料.考察了纳米TiO2的改性、加入方式、添加量、不同R(n-NCO/n-OH)值等对产物性能的影响,当R值为3.5、纳米TiO2加入量控制在0.5%以内时获得的杂化材料性能优良.     

纳米复合涂层的制备和性能研究进展

综述了纳米复合涂层的制备工艺，包括热喷涂、纳米复合镀、纳米粘结粘涂技术、纳米复合涂料技术等；介绍了纳米复合涂层在提高材料力学性能、耐腐蚀性、光学、电学、磁学等方面的性能研究，展望了纳米复合涂层的发展。     

Novel nanofiltration membranes with tunable permselectivity by polymer mediated phase separation in polyamide selective layer

Microstructure in selective layer has played a decisive role in permselectivity of nanofiltration (NF) membranes, and nanomaterials were well-known additives that had been applied to mediate the microstructure and permeability of polyamide NF membranes. However, nanoadditives generally displayed a poor dispersion in membranes or in fabrication process. To solve this problem, we showed an interesting concept that novel NF membranes with hybrid selective layer consisting of flexible polyisobutylene (PIB) and rigid polyamide could be fabricated from wel-defined interfacial polymerization. The hydrophobic polymer mediated phase separation and microdomains formation in polyamide layer were found. The immiscibility between the rigid polyamide and flexible PIB as well as the resultant interface effect was interpreted as the reason for the polymer enhanced permselectivity, which was similar with the well-known thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes that nanoparticles incorporated contributed significantly to membrane permeability and rejection performance. Our results have demonstrated that novel NF membranes with enhanced performance can be prepared from im-miscible polymers, which is a new area that has not been extensively studied before.     

聚酰亚胺/无机纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能

综述了国内外聚酰亚胺(PI)/无机纳米复合材料的最新研究进展,重点阐述PI/无机纳米复合材料的制备、结构、性能及应用,并展望了它的发展趋势。列举了几种常用无机纳米粉体的特性,介绍了PI/无机纳米复合材料的3种制备方法,即溶胶-凝胶法、插层复合法、直接分散法。     

Preparation of a functional reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube hybrid and its reinforcement effects on the properties of polyimide composites

The homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial interactions of carbon nanomaterials are vital factors on enhancing the properties of polymer composites. Two‐dimensional reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and one‐dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were first grafted by 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA). The successful grafting of ODA onto the rGO and CNTs were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The hybrid carbon nanomaterials of the functionalized CNTs and rGO with different ratios were prepared via a solution‐mixing method, and their dispersion state was investigated. The hybrid carbon nanomaterials with good stability were introduced to polyimide (PI) via in situ polymerization. The morphology and properties of the polymer composites were studied. The results show that much better mechanical and electrical properties of the composites could be achieved in comparison with those of the neat PI. An improvement of 100.7% on the tensile strength and eight orders for the electrical conductivity were achieved at only a 1.0 wt % hybrid content. A significant enhancement effect was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of the filler, filler–matrix strong interfacial interactions, and unique structure of the hybrid carbon nanomaterials in the composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44575.     

Inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic imaging applications

Nanotechnology offers outstanding potential for future biomedical applications. In particular, due to their unique characteristics, hybrid nanomaterials have recently been investigated as promising platforms for imaging and therapeutic applications. This class of nanoparticles can not only retain valuable features of both inorganic and organic moieties, but also provides the ability to systematically modify the properties of the hybrid material through the combination of functional elements. Moreover, the conjugation of targeting moieties on the surface of these nanomaterials gives them specific targeted imaging and therapeutic properties. In this review, we summarize the recent reports in the synthesis of hybrid nanomaterials and their applications in biomedical areas. Their applications as imaging and therapeutic agents in vivo will be highlighted.     

Thermosensitive dielectric properties in polyamide–phenol hybrid compounds and their application to the temperature-sensing wire

Thermosensitive dielectric properteis in polyamide–phenol hybrid compounds have been studied. The polyamide–phenol hybrid compounds are constituted of p-hydroxybenzoate–formaldehyde condensation oligomer dispersed molecularly in nylon 12 and polyamide copolymer. These materials are less hygroscopic than nylon 12 which is the least hygroscopic among polyamide homopolymers. It will be because the phenol group coordinates to amide group as the less hygroscopic “pseudo-water” instead of water. One of these materials has also shown an intrinsic hydrophobic effect of hydrogen bond segment due to the “hybrid effect” between polyamide and phenol. The thermosensitive dielectric properties are based on the temperature dependence of intermolecular hydrogen bond behaviors by amide and phenol groups, which have been discussed in relation with the molecular behaviors. The relationship with polarizations constituting dielectric constant and hydrogen bonding molecular segments, and ac hopping conduction behaviors by proton carriers have also been discussed. These materials are applied as a temperature-sensing material in a flexible thermosensing heater wire, which has three functions, that is, thermosensing, heating, and fusing for safe in the case of an abnormal overheat. As the features for a sensing material, these materials show the humidity low-dependence and highly thermal stability, and will be situated as one of the high-performance sensing material useful for the electric warmer such as an electric blanket.     

Investigation of the effect of the structure of large-area carbon nanotube/fuel composites on energy generation from thermopower waves

Thermopower waves are a recently developed energy conversion concept utilizing dynamic temperature and chemical potential gradients to harvest electrical energy while the combustion wave propagates along the hybrid layers of nanomaterials and chemical fuels. The intrinsic properties of the core nanomaterials and chemical fuels in the hybrid composites can broadly affect the energy generation, as well as the combustion process, of thermopower waves. So far, most research has focused on the application of new core nanomaterials to enhance energy generation. In this study, we demonstrate that the alignment of core nanomaterials can significantly influence a number of aspects of the thermopower waves, while the nanomaterials involved are identical carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Diversely structured, large-area CNT/fuel composites of one-dimensional aligned CNT arrays (1D CNT arrays), randomly oriented CNT films (2D CNT films), and randomly aggregated bulk CNT clusters (3D CNT clusters) were fabricated to evaluate the energy generation, as well as the propagation of the thermal wave, from thermopower waves. The more the core nanostructures were aligned, the less inversion of temperature gradients and the less cross-propagation of multiple thermopower waves occurred. These characteristics of the aligned structures prevented the cancellation of charge carrier movements among the core nanomaterials and produced the relative enhancement of the energy generation and the specific power with a single-polarity voltage signal. Understanding this effect of structure on energy generation from thermopower waves can help in the design of optimized hybrid composites of nanomaterials and fuels, especially designs based on the internal alignment of the materials. More generally, we believe that this work provides clues to the process of chemical to thermal to electrical energy conversion inside/outside hybrid nanostructured materials.     

纳米材料改性水性聚氨酯研究进展

综述了近几年纳米材料对水性聚氨酯的改性研究,包括天然高分子纳米材料改性、黏土矿石类纳米材料改性、纳米碳素材料改性、金属与金属氧化物纳米材料改性。化学改性能提高纳米材料与聚合物基质间的相容性,有利于得到稳定的复合乳液。物理共混改性能更好地将纳米材料的优异特性赋予复合材料。在水性聚氨酯中均匀分散的纳米粒子可以显著提高复合材料的热稳定性与力学性能。开发高效实用的纳米材料有机化改性技术和优化复合材料的制备工艺将是未来制备高性能水性聚氨酯纳米复合材料的发展趋势。     

Study of the effects of melt blending speed on the structure and properties of phosphate glass/polyamide 12 hybrid materials

The effects of melt blending conditions on the rheology, crystallization kinetics, and tensile properties of phosphate glass/polyamide 12 hybrid systems were investigated for the first time, to understand their complex processing/structure/property relationships. Increasing amounts of phosphate glass (Pglass) caused an increase in hybrid viscosity. Hybrid viscosity was also affected by processing (melt‐mixing) speed and small‐amplitude oscillatory shear tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for a qualitative examination of the hybrid morphology. The addition of Pglass caused a decrease in hybrid crystallinity that was unaffected by processing (melt‐mixing) speed. The two‐parameter Avrami equation was applied successfully to the hybrid systems, and Pglass was found to nucleate the growth of polyamide 12 crystals. The nucleation effect was found to be dependent on concentration and processing history. The tensile properties of the hybrids were also studied, and the Halpin–Tsai equation was applied to the results to determine the maximum packing fraction of the Pglass. These results provide a basis for the prediction of hybrid mechanical properties for different Pglass concentrations and processing histories. Further, because of their facile processibility and desirable characteristics, such as the strong physicochemical interaction between the hybrid components and favorable viscoelasticity, these Pglass/polyamide 12 hybrids can be used as model systems for exploring feasibility of new routes for driving organic polymers and inorganic Pglass to self‐assemble into useful organic/inorganic hybrid materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

聚酰胺6蓄热调温纤维的制备与表征

以聚乙二醇为储能调温介质,通过多孔纳米材料吸附制备了形态稳定的相变材料(PCMS),然后以聚酰胺6(PA6)为基体,采用熔融共混纺丝制备了蓄热调温PA6纤维。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、粉末X射线衍射仪表征了纤维的结构和性能。研究表明:熔纺PA6/PCMs纤维储能调温焓值达到19.01 J/g,预期可在航空服、军用作战服和民用服装等领域获得很好的应用。