铁素体—奥氏体双相不锈钢焊缝金属的氢致断裂

用恒变形速率拉伸试验方法研究了铁素体－奥氏体双相不锈钢焊缝金属的断裂行为。发现裂纹起源与焊缝中氧化物夹杂有关，氢的存在影响裂纹起源点的位置；裂纹的扩展是一个非连续过程，不同阶段的断口形貌不同；γ相阻碍裂纹的扩展，δ相晶粒内的γ片常形成撕裂棱，δ晶粒间的γ相中常形成韧窝；当氢含量、氮含量提高时，易于形成穿晶解理断口。     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属氢致滞后断裂门槛值的研究

308L和347L奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属能发生氢致滞后断裂。而且比304L母材更敏感,用单边缺口试样动态充氢测出的氢致滞后断裂门槛应力强度因子KIH随可扩散氢浓度c0的对数而线性下降,即KIH=85.2-10.7lnc0(308L),KIH=76.1-9.3lnc0(347L),KIH=91.7-10.1lnc0(304L),三种材料氢致滞后断口形貌与K1以及c0有关,当KI较高或c0较小时是韧窝断口,当KI较低或c0较高时是脆性断口。     

不锈钢焊缝金的氢脆

用慢应变速率拉伸方法研究了不稳定型奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属（３０８Ｌ和 ３４７Ｌ）以及母材（３０４Ｌ）的氢脆敏感性,分别研究了原子氢以及氢致马氏体对氢致塑性损失的贡献,结果表明,当可扩散的氢浓度Ｃ０大于临界值（约 ２５×１０－６－３０×１０－６）后三种不锈钢均会出现氢致马氏体（ε＋α’）,其含量 Ｍ随 Ｃ０升高而升高,即 Ｍ（ε＋α’）＝５４．２－２５ ｅｘｐ（－Ｃ０／１５３）．氢致马氏体引起的塑性损失Ｉδ（Ｍ）随马氏体含量线性升高,即 Ｉδ（Ｍ）＝０４５Ｍ＝２４．４－１１．３ ｅｘｐ（－Ｃ０／１５３）１００％马氏体引起的最大塑性损失约为 ４５％,动态充氢引起的塑性损失几减去充氢除气试样的塑性损失就是原子氢引起的塑性损失Ｉδ（Ｈ）,它随 Ｃ０升高而升高,但当 Ｃ０＞１０－４后,Ｉδ（Ｈ）趋于最大值（对应 ε＝５ × １０－６／ｓ）,即 Ｉδ（Ｈ）ｍａｘ＝４４％（３０８Ｌ）,Ｉδ（Ｈ）ｍａｘ＝４５％（３４７Ｌ）以及 Ｉδ（Ｈ）ｍａｘ＝４０％（３０４Ｌ）．随应变速率ε升高,Ｉδ（Ｈ）逐渐下降,直至为零（对应 ε＝０．０１８／ｓ—０．０３２／ｓ）;即 Ｉδ（Ｈ）＝－１６．４—１０．６ ｉｇε（３０８Ｌ）,Ｉδ（Ｈ）＝－２０．９—１２．１     

冷轧304不锈钢的马氏体逆相变及奥氏体再结晶行为

将冷轧304不锈钢在750～800℃退火78～127 s,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(EBSD)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段探究其组织演变行为并测定其拉伸性能.结果表明:在等温退火过程中,试验钢内发生扩散型和切变型马氏体逆相变和奥氏体的再结晶,随着退火温度的升高和保温时间的延长,马氏体逆相变...     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝金属的电化学腐蚀性能

采用PASTAT30型恒电位仪测试了SUS 316奥氏体不锈钢钨极氩弧焊TIG,熔化极氩弧焊MIG和钨极氩弧焊加填丝TIG M焊缝金属的电化学腐蚀性能.结果表明,在质量分数9.8%H2SO4溶液中,母材及焊缝的抗电化学腐蚀能力由大到小的顺序为母材＞TIG M焊缝＞MIG焊缝＞TIG焊缝,在质量分数5.0%HCl溶液中为母材＞MIG焊缝＞TIG M焊缝＞TIG焊缝,由此可知TIG焊缝金属的抗腐蚀能力最弱.由Tafel曲线可知,SUS316奥氏体不锈钢在H2SO4溶液中的钝化区间较长,在HCl溶液中的钝化区间很短暂,所以不锈钢在盐酸溶液比硫酸溶液中抗腐蚀性能差.晶间腐蚀试验结果与9.8%H2SO4溶液中电化学腐蚀试验结果相同.     

304奥氏体不锈钢热诱发马氏体相变研究

借助X射线衍射技术,研究了304奥氏体不锈钢热诱发马氏体相变倾向.结果表明:C、Mn、Cr和Ni接近标准规范下限,304不锈钢的稳定性急剧下降,致使液氮内冷却后接近1/3的奥氏体转变为α'或ε马氏体,室温拉伸即形成应变诱发ε和α'马氏体,而且较小的室温变形显著增大随后液氮内冷却的热诱发α'马氏体相变倾向,但随室温预应变增大快速形成应变诱发α'马氏体,致使随后在液氮内发生热诱发α'马氏体倾向下降.此外,研究表明ε马氏体的形成及消失与α'马氏体的累积量有关.     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝超声波检验规程

介绍《奥氏体不锈钢焊缝超声波检验规程》。规程对适用范围、仪器、探头、标准试块、对比试块、检验方式和步骤以及缺陷评定作了研讨，规程在工程实践中得到了应用，取得了良好效果。     

Effects of chemical compositions and microstructure on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weld metal in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen environment

The effect of chemical compositions and microstructures on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel weld metals in high-pressure hydrogen gas was surveyed by using the slow strain rate test (SSRT). As a result, hydrogen embrittlement of the weld metal was hardly influenced by δ ferrite in the weld metal, but by stability of austenite phase, which was estimated by Md30 value or Ni equivalent. In the weld metal with poor stability of austenite, α′-martensite was formed near a crack induced by SSRT. In addition, although the crystal structure of α′-martensite is as same as δ ferrite, susceptibility of hydrogen embrittlement became higher with the increase in α′-martensite. The mechanism to explain the difference between δ ferrite and α′-martensite was considered as following. The hardness, which increases the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility in bcc structure, is higher in α′-martensite than in δ ferrite. In addition, α′-martensite might be formed continuously with propagation of a crack. Therefore, the effect of α′-martensite on hydrogen embrittlement could be larger compared with δ ferrite.     

电化学充氢对Cr15铁素体不锈钢和304奥氏体不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响

研究了充氢时间、充氢电流密度、晶体结构对不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响。结果表明:对于铁素体不锈钢,随着充氢时间的延长、电流密度的增大,塑性显著降低,氢脆敏感性大幅度增加;通过SEM观察实验钢断口形貌,断裂类型由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。而相同条件下,奥氏体不锈钢氢脆敏感性较低,抗氢脆性能较好。充氢后实验钢表面存在大量H,且氢含量随试样深度逐渐降低,晶界可能作为氢陷阱影响实验钢的氢脆敏感性。     

X80管线钢氢致开裂研究

通过电化学充氢法研究了X80管线钢氢致裂纹(HIC)的种类及开裂特征,探讨了氢致开裂规律,对X80管线钢的氢致开裂影响因素进行了分析.结果表明:随充氢时间的延长和电流密度的增大,氢鼓泡的密度逐渐增大,体积先增大后趋于稳定;形成的氢致裂纹主要呈阶梯状,由直线型裂纹和“S型裂纹”组成,多以穿晶方式扩展,裂纹尖端沿着晶界萌生;X80管线钢中的带状组织是氢致裂纹萌生和扩展的聚集场所;非金属夹杂物是氢致裂纹萌生的裂纹源,其中较大尺寸的A1和Si的氧化物易于诱发“S型裂纹”形成,对管线钢抗氢致开裂的敏感性有很大影响.     

热处理对冷加工奥氏体不锈钢晶粒度的影响

本文研究了热处理对冷加工奥氏体不锈钢组织的影响，试验结果表明利用形变马氏体的逆转变可获得超细化不锈钢晶粒。     

厚板奥氏体不锈钢焊缝显微组织分析

选用板厚为60mm的SUS304奥氏体不锈钢钢板，开双U形坡口进行多层焊接，用金相显微镜对焊缝进行组织观察，并对其形成机理进行了分析。结果表明，焊接接头的宏观形貌呈现铸造粗大组织形态，并具有明显的外延生长特性，焊缝中部的晶粒方向几乎呈平行分布，焊缝组织主要为粗大等轴的柱状晶奥氏体＋沿柱状晶分布的δ铁素体。     

Microstructure and Oxidation Characteristics of Laser and GTAW Weldments in Austenitic Stainless Steels

The present investigation reports microstructure and high-temperature oxidation behavior of GTAW and laser weldments of 316L stainless steel. The microstructure and oxidation behavior of composite laser weldment are found to be influenced by the welding speed. In GTAW weldment, weld metal shows higher oxidation rate as compared to base metal of same weldment. Furthermore, the inoculation of Ce in GTAW weld influences the microstructure and oxidation characteristics. The scale morphologies, scale adherence, and spallation have been characterized by SEM and EDAX.     

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 借助于X射线衍射，研究了C、Mn、Cr和Ni 含量对304奥氏体不锈钢拉伸力学性能和应变诱发 马氏体相变倾向的影响。结果表明：C、Mn、Cr和Ni在允许的成分范围内变化，应变诱发α′马氏体相变倾向差异很大，这导致屈服强度和抗拉强度复杂的变化，尽管应变诱发α′马氏体相变使加工硬化速率提高，相变可以诱发塑性，但相变速率较快，相变倾向较大的钢塑性反而下降，此外，由于室温变形还增大热诱发马氏体相变倾向，从而限制了C、Mn、Cr和Ni下限钢在高精度和低温环境下构件的应用。     

Creep properties of austenitic stainless-steel weld metals

The creep behavior of two austeitic stainless-steel weld metals was investigated. Two AISI 316L stainless-steel base plates were welded together using the submerged arc-welding process. Creep tests were carried out on the welds at constant load, over a stress range of 100 to 400 MPa, and in the temperature range of 600 to 700 °C. The relationships between stress and minimum secondary creep rate at a constant temperature were obtained with Norton’s law. The results showed that AISI 347 weld metal presented a higher creep resistance with lower values of the minimum strain rate, and, consequently, it exhibited a longer life before rupture than AISI 316L weld metal. However, this weld metal showed a lower ductility value than AISI 316L weld metal. The weld-metal microstructure survey, performed before and after the creep testing, has shown different amounts of delta ferrite, which was strongly dependent on time, temperature, and stress level.     

新型奥氏体不锈钢高温NaCl腐蚀行为研究

通过实验室模拟垃圾焚烧炉中水冷壁环境,研究了新型奥氏体不锈钢254SMo、904L和317L在750、850和950℃下NaCl盐中的热腐蚀行为,获得了腐蚀动力学曲线;利用SEM/EDS和XRD对3种材料腐蚀产物的形貌和组成进行了观察和分析,探讨了热腐蚀机理.结果 表明:3种不锈钢在热腐蚀过程中都表现为失重,并且随着温...