硫代锑酸锑的合成研究

简述了硫代锑酸锑的基本性能及合成工艺,在专利方法的基础上对硫代锑酸锑的合成工艺进行了改进,获得了满意结果。     

容量法测锑矿石中锑的评述

随着各种测量仪器的出现,锑矿石的分析也有了长足的发展,相对于操作仪器的复杂,容量法测锑(可不经过分离而直接滴定)仍是一种简便不可替代的方法。常见的测量方法有硫酸铈容量法、溴酸钾容量法、高锰酸钾容量法、碘量法等,利用锑(ⅲ)与锑(ⅴ)之间的定量转化,在酸性环境下用不同的氧化剂标准溶液滴定氧化锑来确定其中的含量。文章通过对各种容量法的对比,结合锑矿石特有的成分,指出不同方法的优劣,为锑矿石的准确分析提供基础。     

乙二醇锑替代醋酸锑生产PET

自1999年起，济南化纤总公司用进口乙二醇锑代替三氧化二锑生产PET，改进了PET性能，改善了PET可纺性，减少了断头率，提高了长丝的等级品率以后，先后有多家原使用三氧化二锑的聚酯厂家使用了国产乙二醇锑代替三氧化二锑生产PET，取得了预期效果，但对原使用醋酸锑的聚酯厂家是否使用乙二醇锑，改用有什么意义，尚需经过试用并     

结晶次氯酸锑分析方法探索

在次氯酸锑的测定中，用酒石酸根离子或酒石酸使不溶性锑变成可溶性锑后，利用容量法可对次氯酸锑中的锑和氯含量作出令人满意的测定，文中较详细地介绍了测定方法和可行性。     

滴定法测定乙二醇锑中锑含量的研究

介绍了一种采用碘标准溶液直接滴定测定乙二醇锑中锑含量的方法。方法以淀粉作指示剂 ,并研究了相关因素的影响。此外 ,本文还对方法的准确度及精密度进行了论证。     

碘量法测定锑配合物中锑含量的研究

采用碘标准溶液直接滴定测定锑配合物中锑含量 ,以盐酸和酒石酸钾钠溶解样品 ,以淀粉作指示剂 ,并讨论了相关因素对测定的影响。该方法简便、准确、快速、重现性好 ,用于配合物中锑的测定取得了满意的结果。其变异系数 <0 3% ,相对误差 <0 2 %     

铅锑多金属硫化矿中湿法制取锑白新工艺

以复杂铅锑多金属硫化物矿为原料,得到质量较好的锑白产品。通过氯气浸取、加水水解、加氨中和等步骤得到锑白。锑白产品符合GB 4062—1998要求。湿法生产锑白是一种很有前途的、并可代替火法生产锑白的工艺。低品位铅锑复杂多金属硫化矿得到综合利用开发,有效节约矿产资源,并为工业化应用奠定基础。     

高铅粗锑氧制取锑白的研究

以高铅粗锑氧[w（Sb）=74．6％，w（Pb）=9．28％，w（Zn）=0．79％]为原料，采用盐酸浸出、加水水解、氨水中和、真空干燥工艺可制得符合国家标准的锑白。对于盐酸浸出工序，研究了盐酸浓度、液固质量比和浸出温度的影响。随着盐酸浓度、液固质量比的增加，锑的浸出率增加，但浓度太高、液固质量比太大，铅的浸出率大大提高，会影响产品纯度。综合考虑，得到最佳工艺条件为：浸出阶段，盐酸浓度8mol／L，液固质量比4：1，浸出温度20℃；水解阶段，稀释体积比为（5-6）：1。经真空干燥处理后，产品为立方晶型的锑白。     

硫酸铈滴定法快速测定锑矿石中锑

以H2SO4-K2SO4分解样品,加入少量(NH4)2MO4O13·2H2O加速样品还原,采用次甲基蓝-甲基橙作指示剂,Ce(So4)2标准溶液作滴定剂,实现了锑矿石中锑的快速测定,此法分析速度快,RSD小于3%,测定值与标准样品推荐值比较,结果吻合.     

中国锑品业现状及发展对策

对中国锑品业,从资源、生产和市场各领域现状进行了评述,提出了锑品未来发展趋势及对策。     

樟树资源化学加工利用产业发展现状

油樟和樟树化学型中的芳樟、龙脑樟是中国特色樟科树种,总面积约8万公顷,主要分布在四川宜宾、四川广安、江西赣州、广西南宁、湖南新晃等地.樟树叶油中的1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇和天然龙脑是重要的出口产品,也是医药、香精香料和日化行业的主要原料.本文综述了樟树资源特征、分布,介绍了油樟油、芳樟油、龙脑樟油的化学组成和生物活性,樟...     

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale,environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process-induced defects, and management of shear stress and non-uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.     

Potential of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Carbon Nanotube Composite in Energy,Electronics, and Membrane Technology: An Overview

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic and electroactive polymer with piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, thermal stability, elasticity, and chemical resistance. PVDF exits in five different phases (α, β, δ, γ, and ε-phase). Unique properties of this polymer enhances its use in chemical, biomedical, and electronic industries such as supercapacitors, transducers, actuators, and batteries. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is used as reinforcement to exploit full potential of PVDF in energy, electronics, and membrane technology. The nanofiller affects morphology, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrical, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties of PVDF-based nanocomposite. CNT content and chemical modification influence properties as well as application of PVDF.     

The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis,Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease

Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.     

A review of ZrO2 nanoparticles applications and recent advancements

The many branches of nanoscience have made significant strides and advancements during the past ten years, as has the entire scientific community. Zirconia nanoparticles have several uses as adsorbents, nanosensors, nanocatalysts, and other types of nanomaterials. Their outstanding biomedical uses in dental care and drug delivery, as well as their intriguing biological characteristics, such as their anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activity, have further encouraged researchers to investigate their physicochemical properties using various synthetic pathways. Due to the popularity of zirconia-based nanomaterials, the current research comprehensively examines several synthesis techniques and their effects on the composition, dimensions, forms, and morphologies of these nanomaterials. In general, there are two methods for creating zirconia nanoparticles: chemical synthesis, which uses hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, microwave, solution combustion, and co-precipitation processes; and a greener method, which uses bacteria, fungi, and plant components. The aforementioned techniques have been evaluated in the present review for achieving particular phases and shapes. A thorough analysis of zirconia-based nanomaterial's uses is also included in the review. Furthermore, comparisons with their equivalent composites for various applications as well as the influence of particular phases and morphologies have been added. The final portion includes the summary, future outlook, and potential application.     

建筑陶瓷装饰技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了建筑陶瓷领域、日用陶瓷和工艺美术陶瓷领域装饰技术的最新进展,着重介绍了引领陶瓷装饰技术发展和最新潮流的意大利、西班牙在这方面的水平和成果,他们为开放的中国从世界陶瓷大国尽快过渡到世界陶瓷强国提供了借鉴和方向。装饰技术的总体水平包括设计、装饰技法、装饰工艺、装饰材料和装饰机械装备等几大方面,其中设计是龙头,它应包括产品的图案设计、造型设计、色彩的搭配、产品的应用及展示设计等多个方面;装饰技法包括平面装饰和立体装饰、平铺和点缀、多种装饰材料的交替和组合应用等;装饰工艺包括布料(多管布料、多次布料、随机布料、微粉和干粒布料),丝网印刷(平面丝网印刷、辊筒印刷、胶辊印刷),各种施釉工艺,抛光,柔抛,釉抛和半釉抛工艺,磨边和水刀切割,拼花工艺等;装饰材料有各种色料、成釉、金属釉、干粒、印油、渗花液、喷墨印刷用耗材等;装饰机械装备包括各种装饰机械和工模具。     

套管损坏防治技术

针对油田套管损坏情况日益严重的现状,进行了套管损坏类型、特点及套损机理研究,形成了配套完善的套损防治技术体系。完善了从钻井、完井、固井及开发生产全过程的套损预防与保护系列技术,形成了以修胀套、爆炸整形、打通道、套管加固、取换套、侧钻为主的系列套管修复技术以及以工程测井为主的套管状况检测系列技术。并由实践认识到:只有坚持预防为主,研、防、治并举,建立适合不同油藏类型、不同开发阶段、不同开发方式的套损综合防治模式,才能解决油田套管损坏问题。     

油气集输过程中含油污泥减量化

集输过程中的含油污泥具有成分复杂、含液率高、乳化胶结稳定等特性,占油田危险废物新增量的约60%,是污染防治的重点。近年来,学者们开展了大量“调质-固液分离”减量化技术降低其环境风险和处置成本,但仍存在需要针对含油污泥不同来源优选相匹配的减量化调质方法和装置的难题。为此,本文回顾了氧化、破乳、絮凝、干化/半干、超声波、微波等化学与物理调质方法,离心机、叠螺机、压滤机3种固液分离装置研究进展,通过分别对各种调质方法及装置的对比分析,重点阐述了其作用机理、优缺点、适用对象。其中化学调质方法中破乳氧化、加酸更适用于高含聚油泥;表面活性剂破乳需加热,可与超声波相结合;有机和无机絮凝剂配合可提高罐底泥中油回收效果;干化/半干化法受经济效益制约。在文献基础上,认为未来应加强生物表面活性剂、生物电化学系统、椭圆叠螺机、基于固液分离装置数值模型基础上的设计与优化软件、多学科相结合的减量化耦合技术研究。