新型填料GY-400在半钢子午线轮胎气密层中的应用

研究新型填料GY-400在半钢子午线轮胎气密层中的应用。结果表明：当GY-400用量在20份以内时以其等量替代炭黑N660,胶料的加工性能提高,物理性能和气密性能下降;以50份GY-400替代20份炭黑N660和20份碳酸钙,胶料的加工性能提高,但物理性能稍有下降,气密性能明显提高;在生产配方中增加10份GY-400,胶料的加工性能和物理性能变化不大,气密性能明显提高,同时生产成本降低。     

炭黑N660/裂解炭黑并用在轮胎气密层胶中的应用研究

研究炭黑N660/裂解炭黑并用对溴化丁基橡胶(BIIR)气密层胶性能的影响。结果表明:裂解炭黑粒径大于炭黑N660;随着裂解炭黑用量的增大,胶料的门尼粘度提高,t10和t90总体延长,加工安全性能较好,硫化速度较慢;与纯炭黑N660胶料相比,添加裂解炭黑的胶料物理性能总体降低,炭黑N660/裂解炭黑并用比为40/20的胶料综合物理性能较好,成本降低;炭黑N660/裂解炭黑并用胶料的耐热氧老化性能和气密性较好。     

新型纳米再生炭黑EN660在商用车轮胎中的应用

研究新型纳米再生炭黑EN660（简称再生炭黑EN660）在商用车轮胎气密层胶中的应用。结果表明：再生炭黑EN660的理化性能符合企业标准要求;在气密层胶中以再生炭黑EN660等量部分替代炭黑N660,胶料的硫化特性、加工性能以及硫化胶的物理性能和气密性变化不大,胶料的生产工艺性能良好,成品轮胎的耐久性能满足国家标准要求,同时可降低生产成本。     

强威粉TNK在轿车子午线轮胎气密层胶中的应用

研究纳米粘土强威粉TNK(简称TNK)在轿车子午线轮胎气密层胶中的应用。结果表明:在气密层胶中直接加入5份TNK或采用20份TNK替代10份炭黑N660,胶料的加工性能和焦烧安全性略有改善,硫化速度减慢;硫化胶的物理性能相当,气密性和耐屈挠性能提高,填料分散性改善,胶料的尺寸稳定性更好;TNK的综合性能优于市面竞品。     

纳米粘土TNK在轿车轮胎气密层中的应用

研究纳米粘土TNK在轿车轮胎气密层中的应用。结果表明:在气密层配方中,通过减小溴化丁基橡胶用量,并以纳米粘土TNK部分替代炭黑N660,胶料的门尼粘度减小,加工性能改善;硫化胶的综合物理性能略有提升;当纳米粘土TNK用量在20份以上时,胶料的气密性能提高;成品轮胎的高速和耐久性能达到国家标准要求,可降低材料成本。     

高值化裂解炭黑在子午线轮胎气密层胶和胎圈护胶中的应用

研究高值化裂解炭黑在子午线轮胎气密层胶和胎圈护胶中的应用。结果表明：高值化裂解炭黑的灰分含量和总硫含量相较于炭黑N330和炭黑N660偏大,压缩DBP吸收值和CTAB吸附比表面积与炭黑N660基本相当,氮吸附比表面积与炭黑N330基本相当;在气密层胶配方中,以高值化裂解炭黑等量替代炭黑N660,对胶料的硫化特性、物理性能、气密性和动态力学性能无不良影响;在胎圈护胶配方中,以高值化裂解炭黑增量替代炭黑N330,如15份高值化裂解炭黑替代10份炭黑N330,胶料的各项性能满足使用要求。     

高岭土在橡胶中的应用性能研究

研究高岭土与炭黑N660、沉淀法白炭黑对天然橡胶(NR)补强性能的差异,并考察高岭土部分替代炭黑N660在子午线轮胎气密层胶中的应用。结果表明,高岭土对NR的补强作用优于未加偶联剂的沉淀法白炭黑,接近炭黑N660,其中改性高岭土对NR的补强效果优于普通高岭土;采用少量高岭土尤其是改性高岭土等量部分替代炭黑N660,气密层胶料拉伸强度提高,加工性能和其他物理性能变化不大。在橡胶配方中用高岭土部分替代炭黑具有可行性,可降低原材料成本,同时节能降耗。     

新型纳米碳材在丁基橡胶内胎胶料中的应用研究

研究新型纳米碳材SG6和G65替代炭黑N660在丁基橡胶（IIR）内胎胶料中的应用。结果表明：炭黑N660/新型纳米碳材并用（总用量为70份）的IIR混炼胶的门尼粘度降低,加工性能提高,整体硫化速度相当;炭黑N660/SG6并用（并用比为35/35和60/10）的IIR硫化胶的各项物理性能均可达到内胎产品要求,透气率减小20%以上;以70份G65全替代炭黑N660和以80份G65增量替代炭黑N660用于IIR内胎胶料,可满足内胎产品的物理性能和气体阻隔性能要求;新型纳米碳材价格较炭黑至少低20%,可有效降低IIR内胎生产成本。     

纳米粘土替代炭黑在丁苯橡胶中的应用

研究纳米粘土部分替代炭黑N234和炭黑N660对丁苯橡胶胶料性能的影响。结果表明:在胶料中加入适量纳米粘土替代炭黑能改善胶料的加工性能,对加工安全性和硫化速度影响不大;用7. 5份纳米粘土F100替代5份炭黑N234或10～15份纳米粘土KTC替代10份炭黑N234时,补强效果较好;纳米粘土KTC等量替代炭黑N660时的适宜用量为5～10份,用量超过15份时应增量替代。     

旧轮胎裂解炭黑/炭黑N660并用在轮胎溴化丁基橡胶气密层胶中应用的研究

研究与60份炭黑N660相比,15份废旧轮胎裂解炭黑（CBp）/45份炭黑N660并用对轮胎溴化丁基橡胶（BIIR）气密层胶性能的影响。结果表明：与炭黑N660相比,CBp的灰分含量和筛余物含量大,DBP吸收值略小;与60份炭黑N660填充的BIIR胶料相比,15份CBp/45份炭黑N660并用填充的BIIR胶料的硫化特性变化不大,拉断伸长率减小,300%定伸应力和拉伸强度增大,耐热空气老化性能无明显变化,气密性相当,即采用15份CBp替代15份炭黑N660的BIIR气密层胶在保证使用性能的前提下,有效降低了生产成本。     

Synergistic Interactions of Cannabidiol with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in MCF7 Cells: Mode of Interaction and Proteomics Analysis of Mechanisms

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive phytocannabinoid, has recently emerged as a potential cytotoxic agent in addition to its ameliorative activity in chemotherapy-associated side effects. In this work, the potential interactions of CBD with docetaxel (DOC), doxorubicin (DOX), paclitaxel (PTX), vinorelbine (VIN), and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN−38) were explored in MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells using different synergy quantification models. The apoptotic profiles of MCF7 cells after the treatments were assessed via flow cytometry. The molecular mechanisms of CBD and the most promising combinations were investigated via label-free quantification proteomics. A strong synergy was observed across all synergy models at different molar ratios of CBD in combination with SN−38 and VIN. Intriguingly, synergy was observed for CBD with all chemotherapeutic drugs at a molar ratio of 636:1 in almost all synergy models. However, discording synergy trends warranted the validation of the selected combinations against different models. Enhanced apoptosis was observed for all synergistic CBD combinations compared to monotherapies or negative controls. A shotgun proteomics study highlighted 121 dysregulated proteins in CBD-treated MCF7 cells compared to the negative controls. We reported the inhibition of topoisomerase II β and α, cullin 1, V-type proton ATPase, and CDK-6 in CBD-treated MCF7 cells for the first time as additional cytotoxic mechanisms of CBD, alongside sabotaged energy production and reduced mitochondrial translation. We observed 91 significantly dysregulated proteins in MCF7 cells treated with the synergistic combination of CBD with SN−38 (CSN−38), compared to the monotherapies. Regulation of telomerase, cell cycle, topoisomerase I, EGFR1, protein metabolism, TP53 regulation of DNA repair, death receptor signalling, and RHO GTPase signalling pathways contributed to the proteome-wide synergistic molecular mechanisms of CSN−38. In conclusion, we identified significant synergistic interactions between CBD and the five important chemotherapeutic drugs and the key molecular pathways of CBD and its synergistic combination with SN−38 in MCF7 cells. Further in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the implementation of CBD-based synergistic adjuvant therapies for breast cancer.     

关于科研开发效率的思考

作者从认识论和方法论的角度出发，对提高科研开发效率提出如下看法：１．当代的经济竞争，实质是科技产业化能力的竞争。２．研究开发应是从投入到产出的完整系统。３．产业部门的研究开发要面向市场。４．只有充分利用专利保护，才能在国际竞争中赢得主动。５．要保持竞争优势，须把信息工作提到新水平。     

辉光放电电解降解水体中阳离子桃红FG的机理

用辉光放电电解（GDE）技术对模拟染料废水阳离子桃红FG的降解过程进行了研究。通过发射光谱法测定了GDE产生的活性粒子,用紫外光谱和总有机碳（TOC）分析仪研究了不同放电时间下的脱色率和去除率,用电导率仪和酸度计测定了降解过程中溶液的电导率和pH的变化,同时用离子色谱对降解中间产物进行了分析。结合各种分析结果,探讨了GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理。结果表明,在最佳电压600 V时,溶液中产生HO·、O·、H·等高活性粒子;放电120 min时,200 ml 20 mg/L阳离子桃红FG的脱色率和TOC去除率分别可达99.0%和72.6%;降解液pH先减小后增大,电导率存在先增大后减小的趋势;离子色谱测试表明,降解过程中产生多种有机小分子酸。羟基自由基（HO·）对阳离子桃红FG的降解起关键作用,GDE降解阳离子桃红FG的机理为：HO·作用下助色基团键断裂,产生酚类等中间产物,然后继续被降解为醌和小分子有机酸,最终矿化为Cl^-、NO₃^-、CO₂和H₂O。     

Interphases in the Adhesive Bonding of Fluoropolymers

Strong and durable adhesive bonds may be made between polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and either cyanoacrylate (CA) or epoxy adhesives, if the PTFE surface is modified by the use of a “primer” such as triphenylphosphine (TPP) or diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). The primer mixes with the PTFE surface, and the modified surface is then capable of forming an interphase, tens to hundreds of nanometers thick, where interpenetration of the adhesive and adherend occurs. Using CA adhesives, PTFE/CA/PTFE block compression shear bond strength (ASTM D4501-85) of over 10 MPa can be achieved, with failure occurring cohesively. Initial work with epoxy adhesives indicates that the use of DDM primer gives adhesive bonds comparable in strength with those produced by modification of the fluoropolymer surface by sodium naphthalenide.     

玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物与α-生育酚共组装纳米粒子的制备及其性质

通过美拉德反应制备玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物,再通过反溶剂法制备糖基化产物与α-生育酚共组装纳米粒子,系统地研究了制备参数对于复合粒子的影响。结果表明,糖基化产物浓度、玉米肽与α-生育酚质量比、pH对于复合粒子的粒度与ζ电位有重要的影响。采用动态光散射、ζ电位观察发现,通过调节制备参数,荷载α-生育酚的玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物可以形成平均粒度为80～100 nm的纳米粒子,其表面电荷分布在-23～-32 mV之间。与玉米肽、玉米肽/麦芽糊精混合物相比,玉米肽-麦芽糊精糖基化产物对于α-生育酚具有更高的荷载效率以及更好的pH稳定性。     

Participation of Amyloid and Tau Protein in Post-Ischemic Neurodegeneration of the Hippocampus of a Nature Identical to Alzheimer’s Disease

Recent evidence suggests that amyloid and tau protein are of vital importance in post-ischemic death of CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. In this review, we summarize protein alterations associated with Alzheimer’s disease and their gene expression (amyloid protein precursor and tau protein) after cerebral ischemia, as well as their roles in post-ischemic hippocampus neurodegeneration. In recent years, multiple studies aimed to elucidate the post-ischemic processes in the development of hippocampus neurodegeneration. Their findings have revealed the dysregulation of genes for amyloid protein precursor, β-secretase, presenilin 1 and 2, tau protein, autophagy, mitophagy, and apoptosis identical in nature to Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we present the latest data showing that amyloid and tau protein associated with Alzheimer’s disease and their genes play a key role in post-ischemic neurodegeneration of the hippocampus with subsequent development of dementia. Therefore, understanding the underlying process for the development of post-ischemic CA1 area neurodegeneration in the hippocampus in conjunction with Alzheimer’s disease-related proteins and genes will provide the most important therapeutic development goals to date.     

小胶质细胞对阿尔兹海默病发生发展的影响作用

阿尔兹海默病(老年性痴呆,AD)是由β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和微管相关蛋白(Tau)聚集形成的具有毒性作用的寡聚物而引起的老年人主要以记忆力下降和脑部形成老年斑、神经纤维缠绕为特征的神经退行性疾病. 小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统中的固有免疫细胞,是脑内免疫监视的关键成分,发挥内源性免疫防御作用. 正常生理状态的小胶质细胞能有效吞噬和清除毒性Aβ寡聚体,阻止AD发生. 在AD病理过程中,过度激活的小胶质细胞通过补体依赖途径过度吞噬突触,导致突触丧失,同时大量释放炎症因子,促进Tau相关病理变化,对神经元造成直接损伤,导致认知功能下降. 由此可见,小胶质细胞在AD发生发展过程中起着双刃剑的作用,探明小胶质细胞的极化状态及其在AD疾病机理中的作用将为攻克AD的药物研发提供突破性思路.     

表面张力对自由落体液滴形变的影响

液滴运动过程中的形状变化对液滴的蒸发、燃烧等过程有重要影响,表面张力是影响其形状变化的因素之一。为研究表面张力对液滴形变的影响规律,采用低浓度的表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS)配制表面张力为30~72mN·m^-1的水溶液。利用不同外径的针管得到3~5mm粒径的液滴。高速摄像机(PhantomV211,1000pps,800×600pixel)对这些液滴在自由落体过程中的形变规律进行了可视化实验研究,得到了关于Eötvös数(Eo)的半经验关系式。实验结果表明,液滴在自由落体过程中会形成周期性振动形变,振动周期和振幅随表面张力增大而减小。进一步研究发现,初始时液滴形成并断裂所引起的瞬态冲量使液滴内部动量传递进而表现出周期性振动形变。     

Gender-Dependent Deregulation of Linear and Circular RNA Variants of HOMER1 in the Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer’s Disease

The HOMER1 gene is involved in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Recent studies show that circular RNA derived from HOMER1 (circHOMER1) expression is altered in some Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain regions. In addition, HOMER1 messenger (mRNA) levels have been associated with β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposits in brain cortical regions. Our aim was to measure the expression levels of HOMER1 circRNAs and their linear forms in the human AD entorhinal cortex. First, we showed downregulation of HOMER1B/C and HOMER1A mRNA and hsa_circ_0006916 and hsa_circ_0073127 levels in AD female cases compared to controls by RT-qPCR. A positive correlation was observed between HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073128 with HOMER1B/C protein only in females. Global average area of Aβ deposits in entorhinal cortex samples was negatively correlated with HOMER1B/C, HOMER1A mRNA, and hsa_circ_0073127 in both genders. Furthermore, no differences in DNA methylation were found in two regions of HOMER1 promoter between AD cases and controls. To sum up, we demonstrate that linear and circular RNA variants of HOMER1 are downregulated in the entorhinal cortex of female patients with AD. These results add to the notion that HOMER1 and its circular forms could be playing a female-specific role in the pathogenesis of AD.     

国外化工科技政策的趋向及特点

近年国外科技政策的发展有如下特点：１．科技成果向生产转化的速度加快；２．各国政策和企业界竭力保证科研投入，关键技术和新领域的科研投入大幅度增加；３．基础科研被一些国家作为科技政策的发展支柱之一，工业应用技术的研究近几年在国外也倍受重视；４．重视人才培养，高价收买人才。