传感器动态非线性分析及在动态建模中的应用

利用非线性系统的Volterra级数展开方法,并针对实际传感器中二次非线性影响较大的情况,利用一维和二维频谱分析方法,着重研究了二次非线性对传感器动态测试及动态建模的影响,最后针对具体传感器给出了应用实例。     

基于图像奇异值描述的雷达目标识别方法

利用目标对常规雷达发射波形的调制效应,先对录取的回波数据进行预处理,把一维回波序列投影成二维灰度图像,然后提取这种图像的反映飞机目标不同机型(大、小)和不同架次的奇异值作为特征矢量,采用BP神经网络对目标进行分类识别试验,结果表明该方法是有效的,这为常规低分辨雷达空中目标识别提供了一种新方法。     

利用参照轨道要素研究卫星星座/编队的几何特征

星座/编队的对地遥感应用要求对卫星群的空间几何特征进行量度和评价。定义了用于刻画卫星星下点球面几何特征的两个指标:平均星间角距和星下点分布面积。作为星下点分布的一维量度,星间角距可由参照轨道要素解析地表达。继而给出星下点最小凸球面多边形的判定算法;与传统方法不同,该算法无需求解星下点坐标即可判定星下点几何特征,进而计算卫星分布面积,作为星下点几何特征的二维表征。最后以四星编队任务为例,通过计算判定星下点几何,分析了编队轨道设计要素与编队几何特征的半定量关系。     

基于Mindlin理论的Winkler地基参数动态Bayes识别

基于Bayes理论,提出了Winkler地基参数的动态识别方法。引入Mindlin理论,并利用考虑横向剪切效应板的基本方程,推导了Winkler地基上Mindlin板的控制微分方程。应用Fourier变换技术,推求了Winkler地基上简支板的Fourier闭式解。首次建立了Winkler地基参数的动态Bayes误差函数,推导了地基参数的动态Bayes均值和方差表达式,提出步长的一维自动寻优方案后,并结合共轭梯度法给出了Winkler地基参数的动态Bayes识别步骤。研究表明:动态Bayes识别方法能有效地动态识别Winkler地基参数;Winkler地基参数的收敛性依赖于地基参数先验信息的准确性和考察点位移实测资料的准确性;动态Bayes方法也可用于其它地基模型地基参数的动态识别。     

一种基于编队中心的目标跟踪算法

提出了一种将多目标作为一个编队进行整体跟踪的方法,包括编队生成、编队分离、编队合批和编队跟踪维持,解决了多目标的整体跟踪问题。结合交互式多模型粒子滤波算法(IMM-UPF),在实践中,有效地减轻了计算负担,节约了系统资源,具有实用性。     

卫星编队飞行中的队形设计研究

目前关于卫星编队飞行的研究有显著的增加。多颗从属卫星(从星)在近距离内与主卫星(主星)组成特定的队形以完成相应的任务,是卫星编队飞行的特点及潜在优势。卫星在编队飞行时,其队形定义为以各颗卫星质心为顶点所构成的几何形状,而队形设计则是根据队形的几何形状求出各卫星的轨道根数(其中主星的轨道根数可以根据任务的要求事先确定)。基于相对轨道根数法,根据卫星相对运动方程,提出了“自然队形”的概念及队形设计的一般方法,并给出了具体的例子。     

标准为翼 凤舞九天——中国无人机标准化发展纪实

正从平昌的奥运五环到西安灯光秀,无人机编队表演开始崭露头角;2019贵阳数博会526架无人机编队上演了一场令人震撼的视觉盛宴;6月6日,工信部关于5G的官宣,让严重依赖通信信号的无人机,开始嗅到5G的芬芳。于是在高新科技"热搜"榜上,"无人机"频频开始吸睛……无人机全称"无人驾驶飞行器"(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle),英文缩写UAV,是利用无线电遥控设备和自备的程序控制装置操纵的不载人飞机。它涉及传感器技术、通信技术、信息处理技     

基于波束特征值分析的单双目标分辨技术方法

目标源数估计是基于特征值分析的高分辨谱估计技术中用来划分信号子空间和噪声子空间的关键步骤,现有的估计方法可以工作的最低信噪比大约在0dB左右。通过分析直线阵空间功率谱以及相关函数,给出了波束特征值的概念,并说明了波束特征值是由直线阵阵列流形所决定的,利用这一规律设计了波束特征值分辨波束内多目标的方法,可以在波束内分辨单、双目标,通过仿真分析说明可以在-10dB信噪比条件下工作。     

一种用计算机一维处理剪切干涉图的实用方法

根据剪切干涉图求解波面形状的一维处理方法目前国内已研究出了多种。本文介绍了一种适于计算机自动处理的方法。给出了将该方法用于实际剪切干涉图数据处理的结果。     

原位/外场作用下原子尺度的纳米力学与结构演变研究

综述了最近自主发展起来的一种原位/外场作用下纳米线力学性能与结构演变之间关系的原子分辨研究方法.该方法突破了通常将原子力显微镜集成到透射电镜中后,无法施加样品台双轴倾转,从而失去对研究对象进行原子分辨能力观察的技术瓶颈,发展了一套在透射电镜样品支撑网上施加外力载荷的技术,成功实现对SiC和Si纳米线脆/韧转变和超常塑性行为的原子分辨动态原位观察,为外场作用下单体一维纳米线力学性能和结构演变间关系的研究,提供了一种新的有效方法.     

Automatic algorithm for inverse synthetic aperture radar images recognition and classification

The authors propose an algorithm for automatic aircraft categories that is models classification from inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images that use pulse reflection shape and Doppler shifts of parts of aircraft that are in any maneuver that introduces rotation to the target. The authors artificially generated five different categories of ISAR aircraft using computer simulations and tested these simulated ISAR aircraft images of the airplanes defined by size and shape that are flying in a prescribed holding pattern. The authors investigate in what parts of the holding pattern the ISAR reflections provide information that makes it possible to identify to which of the five categories an aircraft in the holding pattern belongs. The obtained results show that it is possible in most parts of the holding pattern to successfully classify the various aircraft targets.     

CTP成像滚筒动平衡机构特性及配重实验

针对CTP成像滚筒平衡状态多变的特点,根据刚性转子动平衡原理,完成了动平衡机对成像滚筒的配重实验。基于实验,找出了滚筒旋转过程中不平衡的机理和机构平衡块移动及定位的基本规律,为解决印版幅面尺寸变化而产生的滚筒不平衡提供了实验依据。此配重实验在测试、产品组装及设备使用过程中的调节等方面,还存在精度不高、效率低等问题。     

自适应Chirplet信号分解用于ISAR目标三维转动检测

当ISAR目标作复杂的三维转动时,目标上各散射点的相位误差将与它们在目标上所处的位置有关,传统的相位聚焦方法难以采用统一的相位校正函数来进行补偿。为解决此问题,论文提出了一种基于自适应Chirplet信号分解的ISAR目标三维转动检测方法,该方法使用自适应Chirplet信号分解的快速算法来估计散射点子回波的相位信息,并根据两个散射点相位之间的非线性度来判断目标是否存在三维转动,从而只选择那些仅具有二维转动的数据段进行成像。仿真实验结果表明了它的有效性。     

New ISAR imaging algorithm based on modified Wigner?Ville distribution

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of air, space or ship targets with complex motion has attracted the attention of many researchers in the past decade. Complex motion of targets induce cross-range scatterer-variant quadratic phase terms, which will degrade the cross-range resolution and affect focusing quality. A new algorithm is proposed for the ISAR imaging of complex moving targets. First, conventional range alignment, phase compensation and range compression are performed over the raw phase history data such that each range bin can be modelled as the sum of several linear frequency modulation or chirp signals. Secondly, a modified- Wigner?Ville distribution (referred to as M-WVD) approach is proposed, which is based on a scale transform in the time-frequency distribution plane and can effectively suppress the troublesome cross-term interference associated with WVD via coherent integration. Finally, the azimuth ISAR image can be obtained via a simple maximisation projection from the two-dimensional accumulated plot to the azimuth dimension. Compared with existing WVDbased ISAR imaging algorithms, the proposed method has the following features: better cross-term interference reduction achieved at no resolution loss, computationally more efficient with no expensive two-dimensional parameter search, and higher signal processing gain because of coherent integration during the whole imaging time. Bothnumerical and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.     

ISAR motion compensation using the burst derivative measure as a focal quality indicator

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is an imaging technique that shows great promise in classifying airborne targets in real-time under all weather conditions. The success of classifying targets using ISAR is predicated upon forming highly focused radar images of these target. Efforts to develop highly focused radar imaging computer software have been challenging, mainly because the imaging depends on and is affected by the motion of the target. Computationally intensive motion compensation algorithms have been developed to remove the unwanted degrading effects of target motion. Those particular motion compensation algorithms which require the use of a space domain focal quality indicator (e.g., entropy) to determine image sharpness as processing proceeds pay a severe computational penalty due to the large number of two-dimensional fast Fourier transforms (2D-FFTs) which must be computed. This is due to the fact that the actual processing of ISAR data is done primarily in the spatial frequency domain and not in the space domain where the final ISAR image is displayed. If a focal quality indicator could be developed to measure image sharpness in the spatial frequency domain, then the computational burden introduced by the numerous 2D-FFTs could be greatly relaxed. This article describes the use of a new focal quality indicator called the burst derivative measure for determining ISAR image sharpness in the spatial frequency domain. Tests have been performed on simulated as well as actual ISAR data using both the burst derivative measure and the entropy measure. Results indicate that the burst derivative measure, when used in conjunction with the entropy measure, can greatly reduce the number of 2D-FFTS presently required in these motion compensation algorithms.©1993 John Wiley & Sons Inc     

气动伺服弹性系统结构陷幅滤波器优化设计

为解决飞机气动伺服弹性耦合频率低且随飞机重量构型变化大,使用结构陷幅滤波器改善飞机气动伺服弹性稳定性易于影响飞机操稳特性的问题,建立了一种基于多目标遗传算法的结构陷幅滤波器优化设计方法。以气动伺服弹性系统的弹性模态频响峰值最小作为优化目标,刚体模态频响特性作为设计约束,通过设计罚函数修正个体适应度对陷幅滤波器的频率与阻尼参数进行优化。结果表明:该文方法能够兼顾飞机的气动伺服弹性与刚体运动特性,有利于充分利用高增益控制系统提升飞行性能。     

基于AR模型参数双谱估计的超分辨ISAR成像

利用双谱分析方法，用非高斯AR模型对雷达目标回波信号进行参数化双谱估计，并在此基础上对数据进行外推处理，然后对数据进行ISAR成像。仿真和实测数据实验表明，本文的处理方法比传统的ISAR成像分辨力有明显的提高，且运算量不大，满足ISAR的实时或者准实时成像要求。     

ISAR imaging of manoeuvring targets with the range instantaneous chirp rate technique

The conventional range instantaneous Doppler (RID) algorithm is a well accepted inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging method for manoeuvring targets. In the RID imaging, the cross-range resolution depends on the instantaneous Doppler of scatterers at the imaging instant. For a high manoeuvring target, the instantaneous Doppler of scatterers may be small at some imaging instants and the satisfactory RID images may not be obtained. On the other hand, a large instantaneous chirp rate is often present for the same scatterer at the same instant for RID imaging. In order to obtain some additional information of a manoeuvring target, a novel ISAR imaging approach, referred to as the range instantaneous chirp (RIC), is proposed based on instantaneous chirp rate of scatterer to provide cross-range resolution. Using the proposed imaging algorithm, with the same received data of RID, a RIC image is generated at the same instant with a different `view`. Therefore the RIC image may provide some additional information that is not shown in the RID image. With both the RIC and RID images, a better target recognition and identification can be achieved for high-manoeuvring targets. The proposed RIC algorithm is verified by raw radar data.     

铁路车辆车轮高频振动2D轴对称模型计算分析

文中采用2D轴对称模型对车轮进行模态分析,以此为基础用模态迭加法计算车轮的动态响应。计算车轮动柔度代表车轮振动响应。在计算车轮动态响应时,不仅考虑了车轮的弹性模态,也考虑了车轮的刚体模态。论文深入分析了振动响应计算采用轮对和车轮模态的不同特点,在此基础上提出了改进方法。计算结果表明:包含车轴的模态和车轮的刚体模态对2000 Hz以下频段振动响应有影响。利用单个车轮和轮对的混合模态得到车轮振动响应与轮对计算结果在50-5000 Hz频率范围良好一致。     

Photon diffusion coefficient in scattering and absorbing media

We present a unified derivation of the photon diffusion coefficient for both steady-state and time-dependent transport in disordered absorbing media. The derivation is based on a modal analysis of the time-dependent radiative transfer equation. This approach confirms that the dynamic diffusion coefficient is given by the random-walk result D = cl(*)/3, where l(*) is the transport mean free path and c is the energy velocity, independent of the level of absorption. It also shows that the diffusion coefficient for steady-state transport, often used in biomedical optics, depends on absorption, in agreement with recent theoretical and experimental works. These two results resolve a recurrent controversy in light propagation and imaging in scattering media.