基于颜色和纹理特征的林火烟雾识别

为了实现森林火灾的智能化预警,提出了基于颜色和纹理特征的林火烟雾识别方法.首先使用颜色特征确定烟雾疑似区域,随后采用局部二值模式方差(Local Binary Pattern Variance,LBPV)提取疑似区域纹理的不规则度特征并产生LBP图像.然后利用小波变换分解LBP图像并提取模糊度、复杂度和相关度特征.最后利用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)进行烟雾识别.结果证明,颜色结合纹理特征方法可以有效实现林火烟雾的识别,为林火烟雾识别研究提供了一种有效方案.     

结合注意力机制的火灾检测算法

鉴于现有的火灾检测手段大多依赖于感温探测器和感烟探测器,但感温探测器和感烟探测器的探测具有一定的滞后性,无法实时准确地检测出初期火灾的问题,因此,构建了一个大规模多场景的火灾图像数据集;同时对图像数据集进行了火焰和烟雾目标标注,并提出了一种具有注意力机制的火灾检测算法,采用颜色分析的方法检测出图像中火焰和烟雾的疑似区域;再对火焰和烟雾目标的疑似区域进行关注,通过结合深度网络的特征提取能力,得到火灾目标的检测模型;实验结果表明,此方法在检测火灾任务上取得了更优的效果,相比于基于YOLOv3的火灾检测模型,mAP(mean average precision)提高了5.9%,同时满足了实时检测的需求。     

基于特征融合的图像型火灾探测方法

针对传统火灾探测中灵敏度不高、响应慢的问题,提出一种基于特征融合的图像型火灾探测方法.结合火焰的颜色、运动以及闪烁特征,检测出疑似火灾区域中的火焰像素,排除非火焰像素,并用支持向量机对疑似火焰像素进行验证,采用形态学方法和区域融合判断出火灾区域.实验结果表明,该方法对多种火灾和非火灾场景具有较好的适应性、较强的抗干扰能...     

森林火灾识别及蔓延方向估计

利用森林早期火灾图像中火焰的特点,对火灾进行识别,主要以火焰颜色分析、火焰面积增长特性、火焰尖角特性和火焰闪烁频率作为火灾发生的四个判据。同时,对烟雾图像进行分割、提取,并结合各个方向采集到的烟雾图像进行整合,得出火灾的蔓延方向估计。火灾识别与蔓延方向估计两者相结合,可有效判断森林早期火灾的发展形势,且有较高的稳定性和可靠性,具有一定的实际意义。     

粗糙集与区域生长的烟雾图像分割算法研究

针对图像型火灾烟雾分割算法不能同时提取白色、灰白色和黑色烟雾的问题,提出了一种粗糙集和区域生长法相结合的烟雾图像分割算法。在RGB颜色空间提取图像的R分量,根据R分量的统计直方图构造粗糙度直方图,选取粗糙度直方图中合适的波谷值作为分割阈值,对图像进行粗分割。相对背景图像,烟雾属于运动信息,采用帧间差分法提取运动区域,排除静态干扰。烟雾具有独特的颜色特征,在RGB颜色空间建立烟雾颜色模型,去除颜色相近的运动干扰,获得疑似烟雾区域。在该区域内选择种子点,在粗糙集粗分割的结果上进行区域生长,提取出烟雾区域。实验结果表明,该算法能够同时分割出白色、灰白色和黑色烟雾,烟雾边缘不规则信息保存比较完整,与已有算法的平均分割准确率、召回率以及F值相比,分别提高了19%、21.5%、20%。     

基于独立成分分析和支持向量机的图像型火灾探测

图像型火灾探测具有非接触性、反应快等优点,可有效解决大空间火灾探测难题,是火灾探测新的研究方向,其核心问题是火焰和干扰物的分类识别。常用方法是提取火焰在图像上表现的单个或某几个特征信息作为识别依据,需要设置大量经验阈值,识别率常因特征选择不合适而受到影响。通过对火焰整体特性的研究,提出了基于独立成分分析和支持向量机的火焰探测方法。首先在RGB空间建立颜色模型对连续数帧火灾图像预处理,并进行频闪特性和模糊聚类分析提取疑似目标区域,根据独立成分分析线性变换一对一和可逆性估计出基函数描述火焰图像特征,最后用支持向量机模型实现火灾探测。实验结果表明,该方法提高了图像型火灾探测精度和速度,可适用于多种火灾探测场景。     

火焰的红色饱和度-亮度模型

通过研究不同的火焰图像,发现了火焰图像亮度的空间分布规律及不同像素之间红色饱和度随亮度的变化规律,提出了火焰图像的红色饱和度亮度（RL）模型。该模型描述了火焰图像的像素参数在不同像素间的变化规律。在在火灾探测应用中,可通过图像分割将疑似火焰图像从摄像头拍摄的视频中提取出,通过RL模型判定是否发生了火灾。     

基于空间区域生长和模糊推理的视频烟雾检测

提出基于空间区域生长和模糊推理的视频烟雾检测方法。研究火灾烟雾颜色特性、扩散特征,采用三帧法与三通道区域生长分割算法分割出第1帧、第2帧图像的烟雾疑似区域,分析该疑似区域的图像光流主方向,求得2幅图像的主方向角比率,通过模糊逻辑智能分析器检测火灾是否发生。实验结果表明,该方法的检测速度较快,抗干扰能力较强。     

基于HMM-SVM的图像型火焰识别

针对单一的隐马尔科夫模型在图像型火灾探测中误报率偏高的问题,提出了隐马尔科夫模型和支持向量机相结合的图像型火焰识别算法。对捕获到的图像进行运动区域检测和颜色分析,提取疑似火焰区域,利用隐马尔科夫模型计算疑似区域与火焰模型的相似度,并输入到训练好的支持向量机进行二次识别。实验结果表明,与传统单一隐马尔科夫模型相比,该方法可以有效地降低误报率,提高火焰识别准确性。     

基于块分割和SVM的视频火灾烟雾识别

研究火灾早期预警问题,为了解决现有图像型火灾烟雾检测算法对环境适应能力不强和探测准确性不高等问题,采用分块和背景差分,分析烟雾在RGB和HSV颜色空间色彩和亮度的变化规律获取疑似烟雾区域;以运动主方向和疑似烟雾与背景对应区域的高低频能量比作为火灾烟雾识别依据,构建SVM分类器,最终实现烟雾判决。并与BP神经网络模型火灾烟雾探测方法进行了比较分析,结果表明,改进的算法具有较强自适应性,识别率高,实时性强,鲁棒性高,可适用于多种火灾探测场景。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。