斜程红外辐射大气透射率的简易计算

简述了计算红外辐射大气中透射比常用的方法,利用实验数据计算得到了大气中水汽(H2O)、CO2的光谱吸收系数,给出了水汽吸收系数与温度、相对湿度之间的关系.给出了计算高空红外辐射透射比的方法.对于斜程的透射比,将路程按照一定的精度分成小段,各小段透射比相乘可以得到总的透射比,根据高度、压强、透射比之间的关系,通过推导得到了计算斜程红外辐射透射比的简易公式,可以简化斜程透射率的计算.本方法在工程应用中具有一定的参考价值.     

用简化Mie理论及K—K关系求微粒复折射率的透射法

用简化的Ｍｉｅ散射理及Ｋｒａｍｅｒｓ－Ｋｒｏｎｉｇ关系式，从单频透射比光谱反演微粒的复折射率，用较大粒径的碳黑微粒作了模拟计算，结果表明本方法计算比较简单，比现有方法提高了精度，扩大了波长及粒径范围。最后利用红外分光光度计测出的透射比光谱确定煤粒的复折射率。     

更新升级的通用大气辐射传输软件CART2（特约）

采用HITRAN2016数据库,研制了新的大气分子吸收系数数据库,应用于更新的第二版通用辐射大气传输软件CART2。增加了光谱分辨率为0.1 cm?1的CART2P1程序模块。相对于CART1.0,大气分子吸收考虑了更多的分子弱谱线的吸收,扩展了计算波段。计算结果与LBLRTM和MODTRAN5对比表明,CART2能够精确地模拟大气分子的吸收;计算结果与地基实际测量的红外高分辨率太阳光谱吻合的非常好。具备0.1 cm?1光谱分辨率的CART2计算的大气透过率和环境背景辐射可以分辨出分立的大气分子吸收谱线,能够在中高光谱分辨率的光学工程和有些激光工程的大气传输计算中得到应用。     

基于太赫兹光谱的乙二醇含水率检测方法研究北大核心CSCD

乙二醇水分含量检测标准方法为卡尔·费休法,该方法操作繁琐、耗时长,且存在人为误差等缺点,提出基于太赫兹时域光谱技术检测乙二醇中含水率的新方法,采用透射式太赫兹时域光谱系统对不同含水率(0~50)的乙二醇溶液进行测定,获得其时域光谱,计算得到不同含水率乙二醇样本的吸收系数和折射率;采用标准正态变换、Savitzky Golay平滑等方法组合对光谱数据进行预处理,基于处理后折射率和吸收系数建立PCR、PLSR、SVR三种预测模型,通过对比模型的相关系数和均方根误差,选出最优的定量分析模型。结果表明:在基于吸收系数建立的预测模型中,经SNV处理后乙二醇吸收系数的SVR模型预测性能最佳,其预测集R^(2)与RMSEP分别为09941和000451;在基于折射率建立的预测模型中,经S G平滑预处理后乙二醇折射率的SVR模型预测性能最佳,预测集R^(2)与RMSEP分别为09988和000507;均具有较高的预测精度。研究表明,文章实现了乙二醇含水率快速、无损和高精度检测,所提方法能为乙二醇质量快速评价提供技术指导,也为有机溶剂水分含量检测提供一种新思路。     

火箭尾焰的空间外差光谱探测可行性分析

为了跟踪和识别飞行的火箭,利用空间外差光谱仪对火箭尾焰辐射中钾光谱的766.490 nm和769.896 nm两条谱线进行研究。考虑大气分子吸收和大气散射对钾光谱在大气中传输的影响,采用逐线积分法、瑞利散射公式及散射系数与气象视程的关系分别计算763~773 nm波段内的氧气的吸收系数、大气分子及粒子散射系数,使用比尔-朗伯定律计算透过率。通过分析该波段内太阳辐射光谱和大气透过率可知,钾特征谱线处于太阳辐射强度弱、大气传输效率高的位置,从理论上验证了钾光谱探测的可行性。然后使用空间外差光谱仪对在火焰上燃烧的K2SO4进行探测,获得了与理论数据相符的实验数据,为火箭尾焰的空间外差光谱探测方法提供依据。     

NEA GaN光电阴极材料光学特性研究

针对NEA GaN光电阴极结构设计和制备工艺需进一步优化的问题,结合阴极量子效率表达式和影响量子效率的因素,采用理论和实验相结合的方法,分别研究了GaN光电阴极材料的表面反射率、光学折射率、光谱吸收系数以及透射光谱等光学参数。结果表明在250 nm到365 nm的波长范围内,表面反射率相对平稳,是影响量子效率的直接因素,而光学折射率则通过电子表面逸出几率间接影响着量子效率。给出了均匀掺杂GaN光电阴极的光谱吸收系数的特点,根据变掺杂NEA GaN光电阴极的结构特点,给出了光谱平均吸收系数的概念和等价计算公式,并对均匀掺杂与变掺杂NEA GaN光电阴极光谱吸收系数进行了对比。     

温室气体及碳同位素比值傅里叶变换红外光谱分析的温度依赖关系研究

为了研究温度变化对温室气体及碳同位素比值光谱定量分析的影响,首先从理论上分析得出温室气体浓度及13CO2值的定量反演主要取决于吸收系数,并研究了吸收系数的计算方法.其次结合HITRAN数据库,研究了温度对线强、展宽以及吸收系数的影响规律,结果表明:压强为1 atm(1 atm=1.013105 Pa)恒定条件下,温度变化时,吸收系数受线强变化的影响强于受展宽变化的影响.最后通过实验验证了温室气体和碳同位素比值傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)反演的温度依赖关系,其中碳同位素比值受温度变化影响幅度最大,单位温度变化对13CO2值的影响为14.37.文中结果为高精度温室气体及碳同位素比值红外光谱监测装置中的温度监控系统设计提供了理论依据.     

热层氦辐射线大气吸收系数的理论分析

为了实现激光雷达对热层氦浓度的探测,采用理论分析和计算机模拟的方法,计算了组成亚稳态氦1083nm的3条共振辐射线的大气吸收系数,得到了大气吸收系数的数量级为10-3。结果表明,对于同一光谱线,大气吸收系数与原子浓度成正比,与温度的1/4次方成正比,而与压强成反比;对不同光谱线,大气吸收系数与中心波长成正比;在谱线半宽度内,平均大气吸收系数和谱线中心大气吸收系数成正比。最后指出了大气吸收系数在光谱分析中的应用。此分析讨论对于激光雷达对热层氦浓度的探测具有一定的参考意义。     

红外系统作用距离的实验测试方法

阐述了通过实验测试计算红外系统最低可探测信噪比来计算其作用距离的方法,计算了实验所用红外源在2～5．5pm波段内的红外辐射强度,以及水平路程上2～5．5μm红外波段大气光谱透射比,给出了实验测试的意义。     

基于场景的热红外高光谱数据光谱定标

传感器每个波段的中心波长和半高全宽（Full Width at Half Maximum，FWHM）随成像环境变化会发生较大的系统性漂移。这种漂移最终会影响发射率和温度的反演精度，尤其是在大气吸收波段附近的发射率反演精度。选择水汽在11.73 m处的吸收通道作为参考波段，提出了适用于热红外高光谱数据的光谱定标技术流程。模拟实验表明:光谱分辨率为50 nm，中心波长偏移在-50~50 nm、FWHM变化在-25~25 nm时，大气水汽含量对光谱定标误差的影响最大。同时，对误差分布曲面进行拟合得到描述误差分布模型，用于误差的估计。当大气水汽含量足够大时，光谱中心波长偏移估算误差可达到1 nm以内。最后，将所提方法应用于机载热红外高光谱数据光谱定标。结果显示，热红外高光谱成像仪中心波长偏移为28.4 nm，FWHM变化为-18.5 nm。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.