Antenna Pattern Correction Technique Based on an Adaptive Array Algorithm

An antenna pattern correction technique is presented that is based on an adaptive array algorithm. In the method, the antenna pattern of the antenna under test (AUT) is measured several times at different positions in the quiet-zone. The corrected antenna pattern is obtained by taking a weighted average of the measured patterns. An array synthesis algorithm is employed for obtaining the averaging weights at each rotation angle of the AUT. The weights are adapted specifically for a given AUT. The adaptive array correction technique is demonstrated in a hologram based compact antenna test range (CATR) at 310 GHz with both a synthetic antenna and a physical test antenna. For verification, the accuracy provided by the adaptive array correction technique is compared to that provided by uniform weighting.     

多模GNSS双天线旋转初始定向方法

根据全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)载波相位伪距观测方程,给出了多模GNSS双天线基线向量旋转的载波相位的双差方程。运用旋转过程中双天线载波相位信息,得到多模GNSS双天线载波相位整周模糊度的双差值。通过GNSS卫星星历数据和GNSS双天线所在位置,计算出卫星到GNSS接收机天线的单位向量。使用GNSS双天线基线向量旋转的载波相位双差方程和坐标变换,计算得到GNSS双天线基线向量的航向角。经多模GNSS双天线旋转试验验证,用此算法确定的航向角精度比商用软件输出值高,且定向速度快。     

Accurate determination of planar near-field correction parametersfor linearly polarized probes

A procedure used by the US National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for accurately determining the plane-wave receiving parameters of both single- and dual-port linearly polarized probes is described. Examples are presented, and the effect of these probe receiving characteristics in the calculation of the parameters for the antenna under test is demonstrated using the required planar near-field theory. The planar near-field theory necessary to accomplish probe correction and to formulate probe parameter errors is presented in a concise and meaningful way to help understand when probe correction is or is not needed     

Optimisation of coupled tapered slot-line antenna forsum/difference beams

A planar coupled tapered slot-line antenna with sum/difference beams is developed based on fast MoM procedures and optimisation using specific genetic algorithm operators. The aim of the optimisation procedure is to realise a balanced combination of the gain of the sum-beam and the slope of the difference-beam. A test sample provides the desired performances     

基于傅立叶变换频移特性的平面近场测试方法

为了满足快速和无相测试现场天线的需求,文中提出了一种基于傅立叶变换频移特性的平面近场测 试方法。该方法采用多探头技术,利用各个通道的移相,达到天线角域的移动,实现了任意指向角信号的采集,具有 测试快速、使用便捷的特点,特别适用于天线的大规模生产测试和现场测试等。对一个标准喇叭天线进行了平面近 场扫描测量,对比了用传统近场数据处理插值方式得到的和用频移性质得到的天线远场方向图(E 面)。实验显示, 该方法具有与传统近场测试方法相同的效果,能有效地测试天线方向图。     

极值平均法天线增益测试技术

天线增益外场测试的关键是提高增益测试精度。通过研究源天线高架测试场中直射和反射信号之间的合成关系，提出极值平均直射信号修正模型，给出了源天线高架测试场天线增益修正算法和测试方法。通过试验外场的测试，证明了模型的正确性。     

Design and Prototyping of a Switching Beam Disc Antenna for Wideband Communications

The design procedure for a switching beam antenna for wireless communication systems is given. The antenna can rotate the beam over the whole azimuthal angle exploiting its geometrical and electrical cylindrical symmetry. The required directivity and the beam rotation are provided by a sequential insertion of metallic posts into the radial waveguide that forms the main body of the antenna. The first stage of the design involves setting up the dimensions of an omnidirectional antenna, to which the desired directivity is subsequently provided. After optimization to maximize the impedance bandwidth, the final antenna was prototyped. A comparison between simulated results and experimental data is presented     

Theory and practice for a spherical-scan near-field antenna range

A spherical-scan near-field antenna range is described. The procedure for real-time data processing is outlined. Relations for the number of data points, largest aspect angle measured, and data acquisition and processing times as a function of the antenna diameter-to-wavelength ratio and the measurement distance are given. Experimental results are presented for an antenna enclosed by a minimum sphere having a diameter of 240 wavelengths. All the equations for the spherical wave analysis, probe correction, and radial transformation are provided in appendices in numerically convenient form without the use of any special functions     

Design of electrically loaded wire antennas using geneticalgorithms

A novel antenna design procedure based on genetic algorithm (GA) driven optimization is proposed and applied to the synthesis of wire antennas loaded with lumped components. Loading circuit parameters, locations of the loads along the antenna, as well as matching network parameters, are optimized simultaneously. A computational scheme based on the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula for the fast evaluation of the antenna performance for many distinct loading configurations is developed. The GA iteratively guides a population of randomly selected design candidates toward the optimal solution. The success of the proposed procedure is demonstrated through its application to the design of efficient ultra-broadband antennas and their corresponding matching networks     

利用线极化天线快速测量圆极化天线轴比的方法

针对轴比测试需要连续旋转线极化天线极化轴,在高频段旋转关节难以消除高速旋转带来的电缆抖动所引起的幅度和相位不一致性,提出了一种快速、精确测量圆极化天线轴比的测试方法。基于椭圆极化波的正交分解理论,该方法利用线极化天线对待测圆极化天线进行两组正交的线极化幅度测量,通过计算得到圆极化天线的轴比等极化椭圆参数的信息。在此基础上又提出了只用三个线极化分量测量圆极化天线轴比的方法。通过在微波暗室中对圆极化天线进行多次测试,验证了该方法的有效性。该方法提高了圆极化天线的测试效率,降低了测试难度,对于工程应用有重要的应用价值。     

一种用于CDMA系统的新型智能天线

本文提出了一种用于CDMA系统的新型智能天线。这种智能天线采用近似等旁瓣方向图,加权矢量无需预先测量、校正,可由累加、平均算法获得,具有良好的工程实现性。本文提出的智能天线与自适应智能天线具有相似的扩容能力,但它无需迭代、响应速度快、鲁棒性也更好。     

Sampling in plane-polar coordinates

A number of details are clarified regarding the sampling-reconstruction theorem for near-field scanning in plane-polar coordinates. The rigorous sampling-reconstruction theorem is applied to the near-field measurement of a circular aperture test antenna offset from the plane-polar axis of rotation, so that a large number of angular modes are necessary to represent the fields of the test antenna. An algorithm is described for computing accurately and rapidly the required zeros of Bessel functions of arbitrary integer order     

一种新型星载小型化AIS天线设计与应用

基于传统的倒F型天线,设计了一种M构型的新型小型化星载自动识别系统(AIS)天线。该天线具有尺寸小、质量轻、便于星体安装等优点,天线外形尺寸仅为324 mm?60 mm?263.2 mm。采用CST MICROWAVE STUDIO电磁软件进行仿真设计,在球面近场进行实物单机测试和辐射模型星(Radiating Mockup,RM)测试。天线的仿真和实测结果一致性好,且天线方向图覆盖区域能够满足卫星AIS系统的应用需求,目前已在多颗小卫星上得到成功应用。     

移动通信天线远场三维测试系统集成技术

针对现有及未来5G移动通信天线空间辐射特性测试需求和特点,设计了一套分布式天线远场三维测试系统,集成于高性能微波暗室内。发射天线采用多工位设计,高效率地实现了远程无人值守测试。基于U型测试转台实现了待测天线的三维方向图一键测试,具备双测试通路多频点多端口测试功能,有效提高了天线测试效率。系统软件具有较强后处理能力,将测试理论知识有效地应用于工程实践,如软件时域门和远场修正技术等,可获取更为精确的测试结果。以运营商提供的定向基站天线作为系统性能验证鉴定天线,通过与其在其它优良测试远场获取的测试数据进行对比。结果表明,本系统能够较好地满足运营商对目前移动通信天线测试场地及设备的测试要求,具备一键测试、多功能、宽频带、高精度、高效率等特点,易于拓展具备5G移动通信天线空间辐射特性的测试功能。     

Complex-Point Dipole Formulation of Probe-Corrected Cylindrical and Spherical Near-Field Scanning of Electromagnetic Fields

A probe-corrected electromagnetic theory based on complex-point dipoles is presented for computing the field of an arbitrary source of finite extent (for example a test antenna) from measurements of its near field on a cylindrical or spherical scanning surface. By representing the probe with complex-point dipoles, probe correction is achieved by simple factors that involve Hankel functions evaluated at complex points. Only four complex-point dipoles are needed to represent a typical precision probe used in near-field measurements. The theory uses neither translation and rotation theorems nor differential operators. One disadvantage of the theory is that it employs nonlinear optimization to determine the parameters of the probe model. The complex-point dipole representation of the probe makes realistic simulations of near-field scanning systems straightforward. The cylindrical theory is validated through a numerical example. The spherical theory is validated by experimental data.     

Perturbation Analysis of Dielectric Grating Antenna with LHM Substrate

A dielectric grating leaky wave antenna with a substrate consisted of left handed material (LHM) is presented in this paper, the case where the n?=??1 space harmonic of TM mode radiating into the space is carefully investigated through the improved perturbation analysis, which tremendously simplifies the analysis procedure with good calculation accuracy and brings considerable physical insight into the overall behavior of the dielectric grating antenna. It has been found that the new leaky wave antenna is of larger leakage constant than that of the traditional antenna with substrate of the right handed material (RHM). As a result the dimension of the antenna could be largely reduced, which is of practical significance for some applications. Extensive numerical results of the radiation characteristics are given to establish useful guidelines for the design of the new grating antenna.     

基于不变矩特征匹配的快速目标检测算法

针对采用图像二维不变矩匹配时,计算量大、耗费时间长的缺点,提出了一种基于不变矩特征匹配的快速目标,赢余笔用滤波后的图像直方图不变矩进行匹配,匹配成功后,再用图像二维不变矩进行检验和确认。实验表明,该方法能有效抵抗图像对比度、亮度及旋转的影响,并且大大减少了运算时间。     

一种高精度多通道天线测试系统

天线测量是天线研究过程中一项重要而又繁杂的工作,在对高性能雷达天线的研制过程中,离不开一套高精度的天线测试系统。影响天线测试系统精度的因素很多,从测量环境微波暗室、天线发射控制系统、天线接收控制系统等几方面设计了一种多通道天线测试系统,用来测量和分析天线辐射特性的各种电磁参数。设计完成的测试系统具有测 量灵敏度高、动态范围大、测量误差小、抗干扰能力强和天线原始数据采集速度快的特点,具有一次性扫描测量就可获得多频点、多通道天线数据的能力。     

Reduction of Truncation Errors in Planar Near-Field Aperture Antenna Measurements Using the Gerchberg-Papoulis Algorithm

A simple and effective procedure for the reduction of truncation errors in planar near-field measurements of aperture antennas is presented. The procedure relies on the consideration that, due to the scan plane truncation, the calculated plane wave spectrum of the field radiated by the antenna is reliable only within a certain portion of the visible region. Accordingly, the truncation error is reduced by extrapolating the remaining portion of the visible region by the Gerchberg-Papoulis iterative algorithm, exploiting a condition of spatial concentration of the fields on the antenna aperture plane. The proposed procedure is simple and computationally efficient; it does not require any modification of the measurement procedure and it allows for the usual probe correction. Far-field patterns reconstructed from both simulated and measured truncated near-field data demonstrate its effectiveness and stability against measurement inaccuracies.      

Zooming and Scanning Gregorian Confocal Dual Reflector Antennas

The zooming and scanning capabilities of a Gregorian confocal dual reflector antenna are described. The basic antenna configuration consists of two oppositely facing paraboloidal reflectors sharing a common focal point. A planar feed array is used to illuminate the subreflector allowing the antenna to scan its beam. The resulting quadratic aberrations can be compensated by active mechanical deformation of the subreflector surface, which is based on translation, rotation and focal length adjustment. In order to reduce the complexity of the mechanical deformation, least squares fit paraboloids are defined to approximate the optimal correction surface. These best fit paraboloids considerably reduce scanning losses and pattern degradation. This work also introduces two different zooming techniques for the Gregorian confocal dual reflector antenna: the first consists of introducing a controlled quadratic path error to the main reflector aperture; and the second is based on reducing the size of the radiating aperture of the feeding array.