Ti基非晶合金及其SiC陶瓷骨架复合材料动态压缩力学行为研究

为了验证Ti基非晶合金和陶瓷两种材料三维连通网状结构的复合优势,制备出具有优良抗冲击性能的复合材料,本文采用铜模吸铸法制备了Ti基非晶合金,并用渗流铸造法制备出孔隙率分别为30.86%、18.14%和15.28%的Ti基非晶合金/SiC陶瓷骨架复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪对纯Ti基非晶合金以及SiC陶瓷骨架复合材料进行相分析,确认了试件材料的非晶状态;在不同应变速率下,用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验装置对试样进行室温轴向动态压缩力学性能测试,并利用能谱型场发射扫描电镜(SEM)等设备观察了试件的微观组织和断面特征,对比分析了Ti基非晶合金和SiC陶瓷骨架复合材料的动态压缩力学性能和失效机理。研究表明,Ti基非晶合金/SiC陶瓷骨架复合材料内部的微裂纹最初萌生于应力集中的两相界面处,并在SiC相内部或两相界面处扩展,继续加载,SiC相失效后,Ti基非晶合金相在远超过其动态压缩强度的应力下迅速失效,复合材料整体失效。SiC相内的断裂形貌主要有微裂纹与解理台阶,Ti基非晶合金相内的断裂形貌有脉状花样、多重脊状条带、蜂窝状花样与光滑无特征区,其中以光滑无特征区为主。复合材料的抗压强度随Si...     

钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料研究进展

钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料作为近20年新出现的穿甲工程材料,是一种极有可能替代具有放射性危害的贫铀合金和穿甲威力稍差的钨合金的新兴材料。自从钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料被制备出来以后,各学者先后对材料中钨丝和锆基非晶合金之间的界面接触强度、钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料中钨丝的参数、环境温度、应变率、仿真计算以及穿甲应用等方面进行了研究。研究表明,制备过程中保温温度,钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料中钨丝的排布方式、体积分数、直径,环境温度,应变率等因素都能对钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料的性能产生影响;随着计算机技术的发展,钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料的有限元仿真计算已经从等效模型发展到准细观建模,能够模拟其动静态压缩过程、侵彻过程,仿真结果和试验结果基本吻合;在应用方面,试验研究验证了钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料弹芯在侵彻过程中的"自锐"性能。文章概述了钨丝/锆基非晶复合材料在上述领域的研究进展并展望了该材料的发展方向。     

Mg65CU20Zn5Y10多孔非晶的制备及性能

为提高镁基非晶合金的塑性应变能力,采用水冷铜模浇铸-拔丝造孔法制备了Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金,对Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金的组织、热稳定性和压缩性能进行了研究。结果表明,采用多孔芯水冷铜模制备出了直径6mm、长24mm的Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金;与镁基非晶合金相比,孔结构对其热稳定性没有影响;Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金在低应力作用下的塑性应变可达40%;Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10多孔非晶合金的断裂形貌呈脉状花样,属韧性断裂。     

退火对玻璃包覆Fe_(69)Co_(10)Si_8B_(13)非晶微丝磁性能及力学性能的影响

研究了退火对玻璃包覆Fe69Co10Si8B13非晶合金微丝磁性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,退火温度为450℃时,矫顽力和剩磁比最小,轴向和径向矫顽力分别为1.8Oe和8.5Oe,比退火前降低了31%和36%,轴向和径向剩磁比分别为0.031和0.012,比退火前降低了74%和63%。当退火温度低于450℃时,芯丝抗拉强度基本保持不变,平均抗拉强度约2500MPa;当退火温度高于450℃时,芯丝抗拉强度迅速降低。未退火及退火温度低于450℃退火时,合金芯丝断口存在少量的脉状花样,且脉状花样及花样交叉的数量越多,所对应的芯丝抗拉强度越高;经500℃以上退火后,放射状撕裂区占芯丝断口大部分面积,芯丝表现出更大的脆性。在450℃20min条件下退火,微丝具有较低的矫顽力和较高的强度,综合性能优良。     

新型Zr57Nb5Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10大块非晶态合金的制备及其室温单轴压缩断裂行为

应用铜模真空吸铸法制备直径达5mm的棒状新型Zr57Nb5Cu154Ni12.6Al10大块非晶样品.X射线衍射检测证明样品完全为非晶态.通过等温示差扫描量热法(DSC)测试了Zr57Nb5Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10大块非晶的晶化动力学效应,同时研究了大块非晶合金的室温单轴压缩变形和断裂行为.结果表明:Zr57Nb5Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10块体非晶晶化过程具有动力学效应;其室温压缩变形过程主要表现为弹性变形;断裂面与压缩方向约呈45°,断口呈现典型的脉状花样.     

基于声发射技术的单丝复合材料界面性能研究

为了克服传统单丝断裂实验局限于透明及高应变树脂的缺点,进一步拓展其应用范围,将声发射技术与传统单丝断裂实验相结合以评估单丝复合材料界面性能.通过声发射技术监测了单丝复合材料的断裂过程,采用参数分析、波形分析以及聚类分析对单丝复合材料拉伸过程中的声发射信号特征进行研究,并与显微镜观察法测得的纤维断裂模式和界面剪切强度相对比。实验结果表明:声发射技术可以对单丝复合材料断裂过程中的断裂模式和界面性能进行高效评估,采用该方法分析得到的界面剪切强度与传统单丝断裂实验中的光弹花样观察分析结果一致。声发射技术可以拓展单丝断裂实验的研究对象,为单丝界面剪切强度的计算提供一种高效、通用的评价方法。     

具有拉伸塑性和明显增强的β弛豫行为的高能态非晶丝（英文）

本文通过Taylor–Uitovsky方法成功制备了高质量Fe基、Ni基、Co基非晶丝.与相同成分的传统非晶合金相比,该非晶丝表现出普遍的β弛豫增强和更高的能量状态,可以认为是高回春态的非晶丝.值得注意的是,这种非晶丝的能量增强率达到了216.38%,是目前各种增强非晶合金能量状态方法中的最高值.研究发现, β弛豫的增强归因于结构异质性引起的高能量状态,从而使得非晶丝具有优良的力学性能,跟相同成分的非晶条带相比,其断裂强度提高至3240 MPa,拉伸塑性应提高至1.7%.本研究从β弛豫的角度实现了高能态的非晶合金的制备,为打破强度和拉伸塑性之间的权衡提供了一个新见解.     

CuZr基块体非晶合金室温拉伸力学性能研究

由于受到制备尺寸和材料特性的限制,目前块体非晶合金力学性能的研究多集中在压缩力学性能的相关研究。选取Zr_(47)Cu_(46)Al_6Co_1块体非晶合金,研究该合金在室温条件下拉伸力学性能。实验结果表明,样品的拉伸断裂强度约为2 000 MPa,其断裂方式为无征兆的脆性断裂,断口表面光滑平整。其断口主要形貌为放射状的河流花纹,该图案是非晶合金拉伸断裂的典型形貌。根据样品的断口形貌观察,可以推断Zr_(47)Cu_(46)Al_6Co_1块体非晶合金室温拉伸断裂的方式与传统非晶合金拉伸断裂方式相一致。     

SiC颗粒增强6061Al基复合材料的动态拉伸性能Ⅰ应变硬化

利用拉伸split Hopkinson bar实验装置研究了SiCp/6061Al复合材料及其基体合金的动态拉伸性能及应变硬化行为。结果表明，与静态加载类似，在动态加载条件下，SiCp/6061Al复合材料的强度高于基体合金的强度，其断裂延伸率低于基体合金的断裂延伸率，在低应变动态拉伸时，复合材料的应变硬化指数高于Al合金材料的应变硬化指数，随着应变的增加，复合材料的应变硬化指数迅速下降，以至低于基体合金的应变硬化指数。     

铁基非晶条带-玻璃纤维混杂复合材料力学特性

针对铁基非晶条带-玻璃纤维混杂增强树脂基复合材料,研究了表面处理、热处理对非晶条带力学性能的影响,在此基础上选取了适宜的树脂基体,制备了混杂复合材料,测试了基本力学性能并分析了破坏模式。结果表明：酸蚀表面处理对条带的拉伸性能影响很小,但改变了条带的表面形貌和表面能,从而提高了条带与树脂的粘结性能;混杂复合材料纵向拉伸弹性模量符合混合定律,横向拉伸弹性模量主要由非晶条带贡献,并且非晶条带的承载对混杂复合材料的横向拉伸强度起到了一定的作用;弯曲破坏和剪切破坏均产生受压侧纤维层与非晶条带的分层以及纤维断裂。     

Micromechanics of Fiber‐Reinforced Cementitious Composites

The strain hardening and tension softening response of short fiber‐reinforced cementitious composites under unidirectional tensile/flexural loading is modelled using concepts from fracture and damage mechanics. The tensile strain hardening in these composites is due to the formation of microcracks which are however prevented from coalescing by the bridging action of the fibers. The density of microcracks increases with increasing tensile/flexural loading until it reaches a saturation level at the tensile load carrying capacity of the composite. Thereafter the fibers progressively debond from the elastic matrix and the deformation begins to localise in the eventual fracture plane, first as unconnected cracks and later as a connected through crack subjected to the residual frictional bridging action by the fibers.     

Fabrication and characteristics of in situ Al12W particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites by reaction sintering

A novel in situ Al12W particles reinforced aluminum matrix composite was synthesized by reaction sintering of tungsten and aluminum powders and followed by hot extrusion. The microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The tensile tests of composite and pure aluminum materials were measured. The XRD analysis identifies that the in situ Al12W particles are formed by the reaction between tungsten and aluminum powders. Meanwhile, SEM observation shows that the Al12W particles are distributed uniformly in the Al matrix, and TEM observation shows that the interfacial condition of Al12W particles and Al is good. It is found from the tensile tests that the in situ synthesized Al12W particles can significantly enhance the strength of the composite in spite of decreasing elongation. The fracture morphology analysis reveals that the fracture mode of composite is ductile fracture.     

Effects of stress waveform and water absorption on the fatigue strength of angle-ply aramid fiber/epoxy composites

The influences of stress waveform and water absorption on the tension–tension fatigue fracture behavior were investigated in ±45° angle-ply laminates of aramid fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composite. For dry specimens, the fatigue strength under negative pulse waveform was higher than that under the positive pulse waveform. Rotation of fibers to the longitudinal direction, which resulted from creep deformation caused by the cyclic loading superimposed on the maximum stress hold time, decreased the compliance, thereby increasing the fatigue life under the negative pulse waveform. Water absorption degraded the fiber/matrix interfacial strength and caused the swelling of the matrix, which resulted in decreases in the static tensile strength and fatigue strength. Although the strength under the negative pulse waveform was slightly higher than that under the positive one, the influence of stress waveform on fatigue strength was smaller in wet specimens.     

缠绕线型对缠绕复合材料圆管轴向拉伸失效的影响

采用细观刚度模型的有限元分析（FEA）与改进的逐渐累积损伤方法相结合,建立了缠绕复合材料圆管轴向拉伸失效的分析方法与流程,以揭示缠绕线型对缠绕复合材料损伤失效的影响。对沿圆周方向分布有1个、3个和5个单胞的3种不同线型的缠绕复合材料圆管试件进行轴向拉伸破坏实验,获得其失效形式、平均拉伸强度及其随缠绕线型的变化规律。研究表明：缠绕复合材料圆管轴向拉伸失效主要以丧失承载能力的功能失效为主,缠绕线型对其拉伸强度有一定的影响;数值分析结果表明,轴向拉伸过程中,主要损伤为基体开裂与基纤剪切,纤维交叉容易引起损伤起始与扩展。     

Mercerization of sisal fibers: Effect of tension on mechanical properties of sisal fiber and fiber-reinforced composites

Sisal fibers were mercerized, under tension and no tension, to improve their tensile properties and interfacial adhesion with soy protein resin. Mercerization of fibers under tension is known to minimize fiber shrinkage and to lower the microfibrillar angle by aligning them along the fiber axis. Mercerization improved the fracture stress and Young’s modulus of the sisal fibers while their fracture strain and toughness decreased. Mercerized sisal fiber-reinforced composites with soy protein resin showed improvement in both fracture stress and stiffness by 12.2% and 36.2%, respectively, compared to the unmercerized fiber-reinforced composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs of the composite fracture surfaces showed shorter fibrils protruding in the mercerized fiber-reinforced composites resulting in better sisal fiber/soy adhesion. Changed fiber surface properties were also responsible for better adhesion.     

Dynamic tensile properties of carbon fiber composite based on thermoplastic epoxy resin loaded in matrix-dominant directions

The dynamic tensile properties of carbon fiber (CF) composite loaded in the matrix-dominant direction are experimentally determined. In this study, thermoplastic epoxy resin is used as a matrix of the CF composite. A dynamic tensile test is performed using a tension-type split Hopkinson bar technique. The experimental results show that there are not linear relationships between tensile strength and strain rate in case of the 10°, 30° and 45° specimens, although the tensile strength of CF composite, whose matrix is typical thermosetting epoxy resin, linearly increases with the strain rate for all fiber orientation angles. From the fracture surface observation, it is found that the ductile fracture of the matrix can be observed only when 10° off-axis specimen is tested under dynamic loading condition. It is inferred that the softening of the thermoplastic epoxy resin in the vicinity of interface area takes place with increasing strain rate.     

Effect of tungsten addition on the microstructure and tensile properties of in situ TiB2/Fe composite produced by vacuum induction melting

In situ TiB₂ particulate reinforced Fe-based composite was produced by vacuum induction melting (VIM) technique. The effect of tungsten element on the microstructure and tensile properties of the composite was investigated. The results show that the tungsten can dissolve into the TiB₂ particulates and the segregation of TiB₂ is reduced. Meanwhile, with the addition of 3.0 wt.% tungsten, the composite is solid strengthened and an optimal tensile property can be obtained. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation to rupture (Er) of the composite reach as high as 360 MPa, 690 MPa and 18.5%, respectively. The fracture morphologies also indicate that the addition of 3.0 wt.% tungsten results in the increase of plastic fracture.     

Modeling the Tensile Strength of Carbon Fiber − Reinforced Ceramic − Matrix Composites Under Multiple Fatigue Loading

An analytical method has been developed to investigate the effect of interface wear on the tensile strength of carbon fiber ? reinforced ceramic ? matrix composites (CMCs) under multiple fatigue loading. The Budiansky ? Hutchinson ? Evans shear ? lag model was used to describe the micro stress field of the damaged composite considering fibers failure and the difference existed in the new and original interface debonded region. The statistical matrix multicracking model and fracture mechanics interface debonding criterion were used to determine the matrix crack spacing and interface debonded length. The interface shear stress degradation model and fibers strength degradation model have been adopted to analyze the interface wear effect on the tensile strength of the composite subjected to multiple fatigue loading. Under tensile loading, the fibers failure probabilities were determined by combining the interface wear model and fibers failure model based on the assumption that the fiber strength is subjected to two ? parameter Weibull distribution and the loads carried by broken and intact fibers satisfy the Global Load Sharing criterion. The composite can no longer support the applied load when the total loads supported by broken and intact fibers approach its maximum value. The conditions of a single matrix crack and matrix multicrackings for tensile strength corresponding to multiple fatigue peak stress levels and different cycle number have been analyzed.     

Modeling the effect of reinforcement discontinuity on the tensile strength of UD flax fiber composites

To exploit the potential of natural fibers as reinforcement of polymer matrix composites, aligned bast fiber composite materials are being produced and studied. Bast fiber reinforcement is discontinuous due to the limited length of natural fibers, which needs to be reflected in predictive models of mechanical properties of composites. The strength in tension in the fiber direction of an aligned flax fiber-reinforced composite is modeled assuming that a cluster of adjacent fiber discontinuities is the origin of fracture. A probabilistic model of tensile strength, developed for UD composites containing a microdefect, is applied. It follows from the theoretical analysis that the experimental tensile strength as a function the fiber volume fraction can be described with acceptable accuracy assuming the presence of a cluster of ca. 4 × 4 elementary fiber discontinuities.     

Matrix cracking behaviors in carbon fiber/epoxy laminates filled with cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs)

This study investigated the damage accumulation behaviors in carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminates under tensile loading. The nanocomposite laminates used in this study were manufactured from prepregs consisting of traditional carbon fibers and epoxy resin filled with cup-stacked carbon nanotubes (CSCNTs). Thermo-mechanical properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced nanocomposite laminates were evaluated, and cross-ply laminates were subjected to tension tests in order to observe the damage accumulation behaviors of matrix cracks. A clear retardation of matrix crack onset and accumulation was found in composite laminates with CSCNT compared to those without CSCNT. Fracture toughness associated with matrix cracking was evaluated based on the analytical model using the experimental results. It was suggested that the dispersion of CSCNT resulted in fracture toughness improvement and residual thermal strain decrease, which is considered to cause the retardation of matrix crack formation.