车用化学品市场前景看好

1、汽车上光蜡和抛光剂:这类产品用于汽车外表面的保护、清洁和抛光,其主要成分为:巴西棕榈蜡、褐煤蜡、聚乙烯灯蜡、硅酮、聚丙烯乳液、表面活性剂、研磨剂、溶剂、增稠剂等.目前我国汽车上光蜡和抛光剂市场需求较少,原因是消费水平和消费观念与国外不同.但随着我国经济的发展,轿车保有量特别是私人汽车保有量的增加,这类产品的市场需求量将逐步扩大.     

内腔喷蜡工艺探讨

随着汽车制造技术的不断发展和提高,我国的汽车出口量越来越大,要使我国自主品牌汽车在国际市场上站稳脚跟,整车防腐与涂装技术质量是一个不可忽视的重要问题.为了提高车身的整车防腐性能,需对涂装后的车身采用内腔喷蜡工艺.主要介绍了人工内腔防腐蜡喷蜡室结构和装备,以及内腔喷蜡工艺.     

高固体分汽车防腐蜡应用介绍

对目前应用的溶剂型和水溶型汽车防腐蜡进行分析,指出高固体分汽车防腐蜡更加符合环保及施工工艺对防腐蜡产品的要求。     

汽车空腔防锈蜡喷涂工艺

介绍了汽车空腔防腐用防锈蜡的组成和防锈机理以及注蜡和喷蜡2种涂覆工艺,对水基蜡、溶剂型蜡和纯蜡喷涂工艺进行了讨论,为汽车空腔防锈蜡涂覆生产提供参考。     

石油蜡嗅味试验法标准修订的研究

石油蜡的嗅味强度是一项重要参数,作为限制性指标经常出现在石油蜡产品规格中。标准是推动产品发展和进步的重要助力,同时标准也需要适应产品市场的发展。随着石蜡产品成型技术的发展以及粒蜡产品的出现,导致现行石油蜡嗅味试验标准方法不适用,要求标准方法改进以适应粒蜡产品的处理。本文针对粒蜡产品,建立粒蜡样品前处理压样法,并优化压样条件,完善现行标准石蜡嗅味试验法,体现我国标准方法的先进性,促进石油蜡产品质量的提高。     

特种蜡的生产现状与市场分析

特种蜡是具有特殊用途的技术含量高的石蜡产品.综述了国内外特种蜡生产现状以及我国特种蜡生产面临的挑战与机遇,分析了精密铸造用蜡、防锈蜡、乳化炸药蜡、电力电子元器件用蜡、橡胶防护蜡、乳化蜡、感温蜡及塑料润滑用蜡等主要特种蜡产品的生产现状与消费情况.建议今后特种蜡的生产企业与科研院所加强联合,完善特种蜡的标准化工作,搞好基础蜡的生产,并注重市场开发和营销.     

一种汽车上光乳化蜡的研制

研究了用58#全炼蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、改性聚乙烯蜡、硅油等制备汽车上光乳化蜡的方法。考查了石蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、改性聚乙烯蜡三者的比例、硅油类型、乳化剂类型、摩擦剂用量对乳液性能的影响。实验结果表明,当乳化剂用量为乳液质量的10%,乳化温度为90±3℃,乳化时间为50min,可以制取一种达到国外同类产品水平的汽车上光乳化蜡。     

国内外汽车用橡胶软管现状及发展趋势

介绍我国汽车用橡胶软管的市场需求和生产状况,概述国外汽车用橡胶软管的现状及发展动向,分析我国汽车用橡胶软管的发展趋势及其与国外产品的差距,对我国汽车用橡胶软管的发展提出建议。     

汽车防腐蜡的研究现状与展望

介绍了目前汽车制造业腐蚀问题的存在及其严重性,综述了汽车用防腐蜡的种类、作用机理及国内外的研究现状,并对近年来受到了国内外研究人员的关注水基型防腐蜡的优缺点进行分析,最后对防腐蜡的发展作出展望。     

多功能、高附加值乳化蜡产品的生产及应用

介绍了国内外乳化蜡产品的发展和应用状况，分析了国内生产乳化蜡产品的优越性、经济性及潜在的市场情况。对我国乳化蜡产品的研究和开发提出了建议     

Umweltverhalten und Toxikologie der Wachse

Environmental Behaviour and Toxicology of Waxes Plant and animal waxes are chemically relatively stable nontoxic substances and are used by humans since ages. In the nature waxes have protective function against environmental influences. This protective action is possible due to great resistance of the waxes towards environment, which also means low biological degradability. Obviously, waxes are undigestible and non-toxic in human and animal organism. Partially synthesized waxes based on montana wax, a plant fossil wax, have a structure similar to natural waxes, and therefore they resemble natural waxes with regard to environmental behaviour and are fully harmless from toxicological viewpoint. Also fully synthetic waxes, such as polyethylene waxes and polyethylene oxide waxes have, according to results obtained so far, no undesirable effects on environment. Waxes have been approved in foods worldwide, obviously due to their favorable toxicological properties.     

Der Einfluß von Wachsen auf die Eigenschaften,insbesondere die Scheuerfestigkeit von Druckfarben

The influence of Waxes on the Properties of Printing Inks The influence of waxes on the properties of printing inks and printed materials is shown with the examples of straight chain and differently branched hydrocarbons. The waxes in finely dispersed state are imbedded in the printing inks like pigments and retain this state in the dried printing ink film. Polyethylene waxes change the rheological behaviour of the printing inks and above all improve the scratch and scrubb resistance of the finished prints. On the basis of measurements carried out with printing inks and printed matter it has been tried to explain the mechanism of the action of polyethylene waxes on the printing inks.     

Über Modellwachse für den Metallpräzisionsguß

The Model Wax for the Precision Metal Castings After a short review of the history and the technique of precision metal casting on lost model waxes, the requisite properties of such waxes are given in details. The sum of all these properties can be achieved only by mixing different types of waxes with one another or by combination with other substances. At the same time, the molecular structure of the waxes also plays an important role. The relation between this and the shrinkage is shown by means of experimental investigations on a number of examples.     

Wax analysis of vegetable oils using liquid chromatography on a double-adsorbent layer of silica gel and silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel

A chromatographic method is described to measure the crystallizable wax content of crude and refined sunflower oil. It can also be applied to any other vegetable oil. The preparative liquid chromatography step on a glass column containing a silica gel adsorbent superimposed upon a silver nitrate-impregnated silica gel support is used to isolate a wax fraction which is then analyzed by gas chromatography. The recovered wax fraction contains, in addition to the crystallizable waxes, hydrocarbons and other compounds with gas chromatographic retention times corresponding to waxes with chain lengths C₃₄−C₄₂. These compounds are short-chain saturated waxes in fruit oils, such as grapeseed and pomace. In seed oils such as sunflower, soybean or peanut, the compounds initially referred to as “soluble esters” are identified as monounsaturated waxes, esters of long-chain saturated fatty acids, and a monounsaturated alcohol, mainly eicosenoic alcohol. Such waxes are absent from corn or rice bran oils.     

The Extended Community-Level Effects of Genetic Variation in Foliar Wax Chemistry in the Forest Tree <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus globulus</Emphasis>

Genetic variation in foundation trees can influence dependent communities, but little is known about the mechanisms driving these extended genetic effects. We studied the potential chemical drivers of genetic variation in the dependent foliar community of the focal tree Eucalyptus globulus. We focus on the role of cuticular waxes and compare the effects to that of the terpenes, a well-studied group of secondary compounds known to be bioactive in eucalypts. The canopy community was quantified based on the abundance of thirty-nine distinctive arthropod and fungal symptoms on foliar samples collected from canopies of 246 progeny from 13 E. globulus sub-races grown in a common garden trial. Cuticular waxes and foliar terpenes were quantified using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MC). A total of 4 of the 13 quantified waxes and 7 of the 16 quantified terpenes were significantly associated with the dependent foliar community. Variation in waxes explained 22.9% of the community variation among sub-races, which was equivalent to that explained by terpenes. In combination, waxes and terpenes explained 35% of the genetic variation among sub-races. Only a small proportion of wax and terpene compounds showing statistically significant differences among sub-races were implicated in community level effects. The few significant waxes have previously shown evidence of divergent selection in E. globulus, which signals that adaptive variation in phenotypic traits may have extended effects. While highlighting the role of the understudied cuticular waxes, this study demonstrates the complexity of factors likely to lead to community genetic effects in foundation trees.     

Chemical composition of the preen gland secretions from some ciconiiform birds

The preen waxes from four Ciconiiformes species are shown to be ester waxes of very different composition. Three species possess monoester waxes with branched wax acids and alcohols. In one of these waxes, homologous series of ethyl-substituted constituents are observed. In contrast to this, the uropygial gland secretion of the marabou is a triglyceride mixture.     

Methods of analysis for functional groups in earth (mineral) waxes

1. The potentiometric titration method is superior to color-indicator methods in the determination of acid and saponification values of earth waxes.
2. The saponification reaction in determining saponification values of earth waxes is a balanced one; therefore the equilibrium depends on conditions under which it is run.
3. Hydroxyl and carbonyl value methods have been modified to make them suitable for earth (mineral) waxes.
4. The values obtained on high-molecular weight peat waxes are not absolute, but rather they serve to characterize and identify these products.
5. The methods explained in this report may perhaps be found suitable for other natural products, such as montan wax.

     

Crystallization of waxes in sunflowerseed oil: Effects of an inhibitor

The mechanism of action of a commercial inhibitor on the crystallization of waxes present in sunflowerseed oil was analyzed. The results showed the inhibitor favored nucleation, leading to a decrease in the amount of waxes available for the growth of the crystals already formed. The inhibitor decreased the crystal size, increased the number of crystals and possibly caused slower crystallization of waxes.     

The Friction and Wear Behaviors of Vegetable Oil-Based Waxes,Natural Beeswax,and Petroleum Paraffin Wax

Quantitative analyses on the coefficient of friction of common coating waxes are necessary and essential for designing systems for coating, conveying, packaging operations, transporting, and storing of papers and paperboards, while analyses on wear behavior can be helpful for predicting performance durability of the coating surface. In this study, we investigated the friction and wear behaviors of six waxes including four commercial waxes and two soybean oil-based wax developed in our lab for bulk corrugated coating. The effect of normal load, sliding velocity, and environmental temperature was evaluated. The friction coefficient of different waxes varies with sliding conditions. Higher normal load, sliding velocity, and environmental temperature resulted in significantly greater wear loss. Crystalline morphology and crystallinity of waxes were affected by the environmental temperature, and they correlate to the variations in friction coefficient and wear loss of these materials.     

Chemometric Classification of Comb and Cuticular Waxes of the Honeybee Apis Mellifera Carnica

Waxes are important as building material and for the chemical communication of the honeybee Apis mellifera carnica. In this study chemometric tools were established for classifying the different waxes inside the hive. By using gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, components of different types of waxes were analyzed. By considering different substance classes of waxes, discriminant function analyses revealed distinct subtypes of comb waxes and of cuticular waxes. It is shown that the aging of comb wax is in part a spontaneous physicochemical process due to differential volatilities of compound classes with different chain length ranges. On the other hand it is directly influenced by the bees by adding lipolytic enzymes to the comb wax. The data suggest that the varying cuticular wax and comb wax compositions could serve as cues for bees to recognize castes, sexes, or comb age.