Nonlinear deformation–wave processes in various rank coal specimens loaded to failure under varied temperature

Aiming to build up a phenomenological basis for the theory of interaction between geomechanical, thermal and physicochemical processes in methane-bearing coal in Kuzbass, the authors performed a set of laboratory bench tests on uniaxial stiff loading of various rank coal specimens. The pressure versus temperature dependences are obtained for coal specimens with granite gaskets using high-precision scanning computerized thermal imager. It is shown that temperature changed in coal specimens subjected to loading to failure is connected with volatile content and internal energy relaxation of methane in Kuzbass coal. Using jointly thermal imaging and laser measuring equipment ALMEC-tv for high-precision and detail control of deformation–wave processes in loaded coal specimens by speckle-method, it has for the first time been proved that nonlinear pendulum-type movements of structural elements are possible in coal specimens with varied temperature field, which is of fundamental importance for actualization of previously ignored mass and gas exchange processes in high-stress coal beds of different grade composition under mining,     

Mining-induced seismicity at open pit mines in Kuzbass (Bachatsky earthquake on June 18, 2013)

The data on the world-strongest earthquake induced by hard mineral mining—Bachatsky earthquake (local magnitude 6.1) in Kuzbass on June 18, 2013—are reported. Seismic activation of the territory at the Bachatsky Open Pit Mine in 2012–2013 awoke three large earthquakes, sensibly affecting the Kuzbass towns. The authors have analyzed the results of experiments on temporal seismology nets in 2012 and the records of the after-shocks of the Bachatsky earthquake in 2013. The low energy seismic activity is revealed in rocks under the Bachatsky and Shestaki OPMs. It is found that small earthquakes cluster under the center of the open pit mine bottoms, and the larger earthquakes crowd under the pitwalls, and the depth of the earthquake sources is 3–4 km.     

Natural and induced seismic activity in Kuzbass

Based on the plotted times of occurrence of seismic events, their timing within a work week and location of epicenters, it is illustrated that since the 1960s the seismicity in the Kuzbass territory has been a complicated natural and mining-induced phenomenon. Since the late 1980s, the natural and mining-induced seismicity has entered the second stage of development, with clustering of low-energy seismic events and strong shallow earthquakes in the areas under heavy mining and, in the first instance, at deep open pit mines. The representative event of this kind is the magnitude 5.2 earthquake at the Bachatsky Coal Open Pit Mine on June 19, 2013. It has been found that the natural and induced seismic activity is associated with deep faults that weakly show themselves in the upper layer of the earth crust but appear in the local relief, which is an evidence of their live emergence onto the daylight surface due to the mining impact. The article proposes the comprehensive research program for the natural and mining-induced seismic activity in the Kuzbass area and the development of early identification of seismically active zones.     

On information-provided monitoring of geodynamic processes in the Kuznetsk Coal Basin in the conditions of highly intensive sub-soil usage

It is shown that formation of hollows in bowels of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin (Kuzbass), induced by opencut and underground mining has reached an intensity of 1.3–1.5 million m³/day. In the conditions of high concentration of mines and open-cuts in small areas, a regional monitoring network is required in view of a generated geomechanical space, hazardous in geodynamic manifestations. A developed information support of this netwoprk is presented, including information models of a geological environment and database obtained from instrumental observations on geomechanical processes. The equations of connection between structural and strength characteristics of rocks, their metamorphization grade and occurrence depth are given for five geological-tectonic zones of the Kuzbass as a way of prediction of their properties. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 5, pp. 40–66, September–October, 2006.     

Nonlinear relationships between coalbed methane release,natural methane content and kinematic parameters of cutting picks of shearers

It has been found that the rated and actual data on methane emission in production headings in some Kuzbass mines disagree. The air and gas control shows that actual methane emission from broken coal is much less than the rated data when a coal shearer has high advance velocity and production output. The authors demonstrate the connection between an average diameter of broken coal fragment, shearer advance velocity and drum rotation speed using Darcy’s law of flow and Langmuir’s adsorption equation. It is found that methane emission from broken coal and natural coalbed methane content relate nonlinearly and that the relationship of absolute methane emission, shear advance velocity and production output has an extremum.     

Directional hydraulic fracturing in difficult caving roof control and coal degassing

The discussion covers the issues of difficult caving roof control in production faces and coal bed degassing. The methods and means meant for the directional hydraulic fracturing and coal degassing are described. The practical results of the method introduction in coal mines in Kuzbass are reported.     

深部高瓦斯工作面煤体采动扩容特性研究

应用数值模拟、实验室实验、现场实测和理论分析的综合研究方法,对深部高瓦斯工作面煤体采动扩容特性进行了系统研究。研究发现含瓦斯煤体应力峰值前出现扩容现象,煤体初始瓦斯压力对扩容有显著影响,初始瓦斯压力越大,煤体发生扩容的应力临界值越小,瓦斯压力越易发生突变。高瓦斯工作面煤体扩容阶段,瓦斯压力具有采动应力响应特征,采动应力作用下煤体扩容力学行为打破了瓦斯解吸和吸附的平衡,瓦斯压力呈现先降低后升高的瞬变演化。基于深部开采高瓦斯工作面煤体扩容力学特征,考虑煤体瓦斯解吸吸附特性,依据理想气体定律,构建了含瓦斯煤扩容阶段瓦斯压力采动应力响应的数值力学模型,揭示了煤体扩容区瓦斯压力不稳定易突变失稳的内在机理。深部开采煤层在采动应力作用下的扩容是煤与瓦斯动力灾害发生的必要条件,也是灾害防控的主要可控因素,通过降低煤层采动应力集中以控制煤体扩容,可有效消除煤与瓦斯动力灾变隐患。     

矿井安全非线性动力学评价及过程可视化

针对矿井安全系统所具有的非线性特征，结合实际生产矿井安全状态原始指标数据，在对原始数据分析的基础上，进行了非线性安全评价模型网络结构及参数、网络训练过程参数的合理确定及综合测试，获得了与实际情况相吻合的结果，并在MATLAB平台上实现了评价过程的可视化.从分析可视化过程及结果可知：矿井安全子系统的非线性动力学特性是客观存在的，应用具有非线性动力学特征的人工神经网络对矿井安全状况进行评价可获得合理准确的结果.     

Selection of load–haul–dump machines for hard mineral mining in difficult mining and geological conditions

In focus is selection of load–haul–dump machines for hard mineral mines. The authors offer substantiation procedures for tuck-and-shovel systems of mining in difficult ground conditions. In terms of Kyrgaisky Sredni open-cut located in the Erunakovo coal district in Kuzbass, using the Lerchs–Grossman algorithm, the principles and sequence of forming efficient application domains for different specification trucks and shovels within a mine field are presented.     

Stripping with direct dumping in Kuzbass open pit mines: The current state and prospects

The analytical results are given for application of stripping with direct dumping in open pit mines in Kuzbass. It is emphasized that this most productive and the least power-consuming technology loses its weight in the overall content of overburden stripping. The authors propose a method to determine rational boundaries for application area of stripping with direct dumping using slice re-excavation coefficient. The scope of the discussion comprises potential trends of the technology and use of draglines towards enhancement of open pit mining efficiency.     

Research on time structure characteristic of gas concentration sequence in the working face

In the procedure of coal industry production, the losses of the persons and economy caused by the gas explosion accidents are most serious, therefore, prevention and control of the gas explosion accident of the coal mines is an important issue needed to be solved urgently in the safety production work of our coal mines. The characteristic of time structure variation index characteristic was analyzed about gas concentration sequence of three measure points in the NO. II1024 working face. It was found that the value of time variation about three measure points was mostly 1<δ⩽1.5, and gas emission presented consistently strong-clustering state twice, and the value of time variation presented continuous variation state in the active stage of gas concentration. Complex characteristics of the value indicated gas emission was continuously variable in time or space and presented the complex nonlinear characteristics. So the characteristic about gas emission system was correctly depicted and analyzed to gas emission system according to the relation of its state variation and essential of nonlinear system. The result also provided reliable warranty for its continued nonlinear research on gas emission.     

平顶山东部矿区深井动力灾害多因素耦合统一灾变机理

冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出两者的强度理论本质上是类似的,两者的孕育过程也是相似的,但发生的能量来源和过程有较大区别。平顶山东部矿区深井动力灾害受区内褶曲、断层、构造煤及煤层瓦斯等多因素控制,在采掘过程中,构造应力、瓦斯压力与采动应力相互耦合,煤岩固体骨架有效应力的改变导致了孔隙率变化,结果使瓦斯压力改变,进而影响到煤层瓦斯运动。瓦斯在煤层中迁移时,孔隙压力变化引起固体骨架变形,反映了煤体变形与孔隙压力变化的相互关系。围绕平顶山东部矿区深部开采矿井动力灾害问题开展研究工作,分析各类矿井动力灾害发生的机理和动力源,确定了平顶山东部矿区煤样冲击倾向性等级,揭示出深井动力灾害的多因素耦合统一灾变机理,建立了统一的数学模型。     

废弃煤矿瓦斯资源信息管理云平台研发

针对在我国煤炭行业改革的大环境下的废弃矿井瓦斯利用与规划问题,为了能更直观、清晰地查阅管理数量庞大且繁杂的废弃矿井瓦斯赋存资源信息,更智能地对废弃矿井瓦斯资源的可抽性进行评判,建立包含废弃煤矿瓦斯含量、瓦斯资源量等多源异构信息的数据仓库,开发了具有快捷编辑、多源查询、动态更新、可视统计、空间分析、图表制作等功能为一体的...     

Technological aspects of transition to high bench stripping in Kuzbass

The article presents argumentation in favor of transition to high bench stripping in open pit mines in Kuzbass, which will increase coal production and improve mine performance. The authors find functional connection between the duration of the transition to high bench stripping and the increase in the finite depth of an open pit mine. Substantiation is given to choosing the height of a bench based on the change in relationship of operating costs and a cut layer height. The practical significant of the research is development of a new approach to validating expediency of high benches for mining with truck&shovel and creation of a procedure to find increment in ultimate pit contour in transition to stripping with high benches.     

矿井瓦斯异常涌出防控现状及展望

为了探索煤矿瓦斯异常涌出灾害防控新技术,研发瓦斯灾害智能化预警及防控装备,保障高瓦斯矿井安全高效开采,基于煤矿瓦斯异常涌出灾害的复杂性特点,从瓦斯地质异常区探测技术、通风稀释异常瓦斯技术、瓦斯异常区抽采技术和瓦斯异常涌出应急处置等4方面梳理了已取得的研究成果和实践经验,并从动态透明瓦斯地质、多源信息瓦斯灾害智能探测技术、瓦斯异常涌出大数据挖掘技术、瓦斯异常涌出智能防控技术、瓦斯异常涌出事故机器人应急救援技术等5个方面进行了展望,为提高煤矿瓦斯异常涌出灾害防控能力、减少矿山安全事故的发生指明了方向。     

基于RFID的动态瓦斯巡更管理系统

针对目前我国煤矿瓦斯巡检管理存在的不足,将传统的瓦斯巡检工作与先进的射频识别和传输技术融合,提出了一种全新的基于RFID的动态瓦斯巡更管理系统方案。该方案对硬件电路进行了优化设计,并提出一种新颖高效的防碰撞算法及定位算法,实现了瓦斯与人员的动态监管,达到预防煤矿重大安全事故之目的,具有较高的经济效益和社会效益。     

基于实时动态趋势预测法的屯兰矿2号、8号煤层瓦斯涌出量预测

瓦斯涌出量是衡量矿井安全状态的重要指标,也是新井建设和瓦斯抽采工程设计中的重要参数。文章采用实时动态趋势预测法对屯兰矿2号、8号煤层回采工作面瓦斯涌出量进行了预测,因其预测准确率高,可以指导矿井更为有效地进行瓦斯管理和安全生产。     

煤矿瓦斯跟踪巡检预警系统研制

本文提出的煤矿瓦斯跟踪巡检预警系统,是针对煤矿企业生产过程中瓦斯防治与管理工作进行动态监控、准确分析与智能预警而开发的软件系统。基于GIS数据可视化、信息地图化技术建立信息数据库,以Visual Basic 6.0作为开发工具制作井巷布局图,进行系统的设计与研制。该系统能够实现煤矿瓦斯检测作业轨迹可视化、瓦斯检测数据传输、检测信息处理、智能跟踪巡检预警和统计报表等功能。最新全息动态可视化技术的应用减少了人的不安全行为,有利于实现矿井的"本质安全"。