四轴非正交位移传感器电路的设计分析

针对压控型八电极静电悬浮支承系统位移测量难的特点,设计了一种四轴非正交位移传感器电路。分析了四轴非正交位移传感器的测量原理,给出了保证转子地电位的方法,分析了位移测量的系统灵敏度,设计出位移传感器电路,并给出一种从支承高电压中分离位移信号的电路。实验证明:该位移传感器可以准确检测出转子的偏移,提高测量精度,达到了设计要求,为八电极静电悬浮系统的测量提供了可靠的保证。     

静电悬浮转子微陀螺信号发生电路有源带通滤波器设计

信号发生电路是静电悬浮转子微陀螺系统的重要组成部分。介绍了DDS信号发生电路的原理及基本构成和微陀螺信号电容检测的要求、特点以及主要技术指标,并根据具体带宽、中心频率的要求,设计了具有不同参数的有源滤波电路。通过电路模拟仿真实验表明了该电路的可行性之后,在具体实验的操作过程中,成功滤去了DDS信号发生电路所产生的低频直流偏置和高频噪声,从而提高了电路的整体信噪比和控制精度,并为后续静电悬浮转子微陀螺检测控制电路提供了较为理想的信号源。     

双定子静电微电机控制系统的信号检测研究

介绍了一种基于悬浮转子微陀螺的双定子轴向静电微电机控制系统的信号检测方法,它对实现悬浮转子旋转驱动的闭环控制尤为重要,其主要特点是采用互相关检测—锁定放大、DSP控制直接数字频率合成(DDS)产生正弦波,并通过实际正弦波发生电路和系统仿真验证其可行性,这些提供了解决微小电容检测在实际电路实现上的一些关键问题的办法,为实际电路参数选择提供重要参考。     

磁悬浮转子微陀螺的电容检测系统分析和实现

介绍了一种新型磁悬浮转子微陀螺的电容检测方案,其特点是检测定子上径向分布的电容极板和悬浮转子形成差动电容的变化.检测电路为基于相关检测原理的交流电容电桥的方法.电路实现中采用积分电荷放大器作为前置级,对其输出和噪声进行了深入的分析.之后,前置级的输出信号经过低噪声放大器进行放大,再通过带通滤波以及相关解调等电路实现检测系统需要的输出幅值和信噪比.实验证明,实现的检测系统对角度输入有较好的线性响应,角度分辨率达到0.1°,即可检测到的电容变化约为1fF.     

磁悬浮转子微陀螺电容结构设计

为了实现磁悬浮转子微陀螺的电容检测,使用数值积分方法计算了新型磁悬浮转子微陀螺的电容值与转子倾斜角度的关系。计算确定了电容极板尺寸,电容的连接采用了差动电容的连接方式。通过电容检测电路,检测到了小角度输入范围内的陀螺输出信号。检测结果表明:该电容结构对于静态角度输入具有较好的线性响应,该微陀螺原形的电容结构能够检测到的转子倾斜角度可达到0.1°,对应的电容变化约为1 000 aF,满足了微陀螺对电容检测的要求。     

六轴加速度计的结构原理与阻尼振动设计

静电悬浮加速度计为当前国际上精度最高的一类加速度计 ,本文的设计目标为 :量程 12 .5 μgn,灵敏度 1ngn,带宽 0 .1Hz。从静电悬浮加速度计的敏感结构设计出发 ,详细地论述了该类加速度计的电容位移检测原理和微弱加速度检测原理。通过适当的电极配置设计 ,并对六路差分电容输出进行适当的线性组合 ,探讨了该加速度计的六轴检测功能 (三个线加速度和三个角加速度 )。随后对该加速度计的静电悬浮支承系统进行了振动学分析 ,采用 1atm的空气阻尼 ,得出系统的阻尼振动频率为 0 .82 5 Hz,输出采样间隔为 4 s。本文的设计对研制高精度多轴加速度计具有重要参考价值。     

静电悬浮转子悬浮控制系统探析

为了实现静电转子的稳定悬浮,建立了针对于悬浮转子的静电支承模型。在模型的建立过程中,分析了静电力作用机理,给出了静电力计算公式。接着建立了以DSP TMS320F28335开发板为核心的悬浮控制辅助系统。设计了基于AD7656的16A/D转换电路和基于时间管理模块的DSP脉宽调制信号发生器。     

MEMS振动传感器信号检测电路设计与实现

分析了电容检测电路原理,优化设计了C/V模块电路、接口电路和零偏及标度因数补偿电路,并搭建电路以及联合微机械差分电容结构进行了集成测试.经过测试验证,设计的微机电系统(MEMS)振动传感器信号检测电路对微弱电容具有较好的检测放大作用,并具有较强的接口适应性和防护能力.     

驱动信号对电容式传感器特性的影响分析

在电容检测中,交流电压驱动常常是测量电容变化的必要手段。驱动电压引起作用于可动电极上的静电力,从而影响到可动电极的运动。因此,交流电压的静电驱动势必影响测量的范围和精度。本文详细地分析了由交流电压引起的静电驱动力对微机械结构表态位移特性的影响,并以电容式加速度传感器为例,分单边驱动和双边驱动两种情况,推导出可动电极的运动微分方程。运用近似和图解的方法分另在特殊和一般的情况下求解方程,得到静电驱动电     

差动电容小位移传感器检测电路设计

介绍了一种用于差动电容式小位移传感器的信号检测电路。该电路由相敏检波电路、移相电路以及低通滤波器三部分组成,采用相敏检波原理,能很好地实现0.15mm以内的位移测量,并能够很好地判断出位移的方向。该电路结构简单、便于调试、使用方便、成本低。采用该检测电路对差动电容小位移转换电桥的输出信号进行处理,实验结果表明：此方法具有较好的稳定性和抗干扰性,线性度达0.492％,灵敏度达0.6291V／mm。     

Dynamic Manipulation Inspired by the Handling of a Pizza Peel

This paper discusses dynamic manipulation inspired by the handling mechanism of a pizza chef. The chef handles a tool called “pizza peel,” where a plate is attached at the tip of a bar, and he remotely manipulates a pizza on the plate. We found that he aggressively utilizes only two degrees of freedom (DOFs) from the remote handling location during manipulation: translation along the bar and rotation about the bar. From the viewpoint of a dynamic system, the inertial loads for these specific DOFs are never affected by the length of the bar. This is important for the production of quick plate motions so that the object on the plate can be dynamically and remotely manipulated. Applying this handling mechanism to a robot system, we first reveal how to make the object's motion for three DOFs by using two DOFs of plate motion. We then show that it is guaranteed to achieve an arbitrary desired set of position and orientation of the object by the proposed manipulation scheme. The proposed method has good manipulability because the translational motion of the object can be fully decoupled from the rotational motion (though not vice versa). Finally, we show a couple of experiments that confirm the basic idea.      

Pose Controlled Physically Based Motion

In this paper we describe a new method for generating and controlling physically‐based motion of complex articulated characters. Our goal is to create motion from scratch, where the animator provides a small amount of input and gets in return a highly detailed and physically plausible motion. Our method relieves the animator from the burden of enforcing physical plausibility, but at the same time provides full control over the internal DOFs of the articulated character via a familiar interface. Control over the global DOFs is also provided by supporting kinematic constraints. Unconstrained portions of the motion are generated in real time, since the character is driven by joint torques generated by simple feedback controllers. Although kinematic constraints are satisfied using an iterative search (shooting), this process is typically inexpensive, since it only adjusts a few DOFs at a few time instances. The low expense of the optimization, combined with the ability to generate unconstrained motions in real time yields an efficient and practical tool, which is particularly attractive for high inertia motions with a relatively small number of kinematic constraints.     

Parasitic motion comparison of 3-PRS parallel mechanism with different limb arrangements

The 3-PRS parallel mechanism (PM) is an important category of lower-mobility parallel mechanisms. Because it can undergo one translational degree of freedom (DOF) and two rotational DOFs, the 3-PRS PM has great potential in practical application and has received extensive attention. Parasitic motion occurring in the constrained DOFs of a 3-PRS PM is a key issue affecting its application. First, the 3-PRS PM is classified into seven subcategories based on the geometrical arrangements of limbs. Then, parasitic motion of each subcategory is discussed in detail and case studies are presented. It is illustrated that the complexity of parasitic motion of the 3-PRS PM is determined by the limb arrangement. The architecture of the 3-PRS PM without parasitic motion is also identified.     

A 3-DOF parallel manufacturing module and its kinematic optimization

Parallel tool heads with three degrees of freedom (DOFs), namely, two orientational DOFs and one translational DOF, have become important manufacturing module in the field of machine tools so that these have drawn extensive attention from academia and industry. A decoupled 3-DOF parallel tool head without parasitic motion is proposed in this paper, and a detailed discussion of the architecture of the tool head is presented. On the basis of the tilt-and-torsion angles and the roll–pitch–yaw angles, the inverse kinematics of the tool head is analyzed and its orientational capability is investigated. To explore the potential of the proposed tool head, two cases are identified and discussed respectively. Taking motion/force transmissibility into consideration, performance indices with respect to the local transmission index are defined and the corresponding atlases are presented. Using the atlases as bases and the optimal kinematic designs of the tool head is carried out. A preferable set of optimized parameters is obtained after comparing the results of the two cases, and the optimized result is used in the development of the tool head.     

虚拟人骨骼结构的多刚体系统建模方法研究

提出了一种虚拟人骨骼结构的多刚体系统模型,可有效地克服DH表示法只能适用于单链结构的缺陷．首先通过合理的简化与假设,给出了一种16关节、39自由度的虚拟人简化模型;然后将该虚拟人模型抽象成为一个各肢体间通过机械转动铰相连的多刚体系统;最后引入树模型与低序体阵列来表达虚拟人的骨骼结构．分析结果表明,文中方法除能够自然地表达虚拟人的复杂分支结构外,还可以容易地实现虚拟人模型的任意分辨率扩展,并具备递归计算的优点,具有广泛的适用性。     

基于Leap Motion的机械臂交互控制研究

针对多旋转自由度机械臂的便捷控制问题,建立了一种联接体感设备Leap Motion与六自由度机械臂的交互控制系统。在体感输入和机械臂运动响应模型中,利用基于几何方法的机械臂运动学逆解,提出一种增加求解约束,二分搜索末端抓取器最优空间位姿的解法。这种解法运行效率高,求解过程直观,能够在对数级时间内求解。经过仿真和实物实验验证,该解法具备处理大量体感输入数据,实现机械臂实时响应的能力,为非触控式的体感机械臂控制提供了一种可行方案。     

在线考虑运动学限制的最小加速度的轨迹规划

提出了一种基于简化运动规划的机器人轨迹规划新方法,可用于多自由度的机器人操作臂系统。关键问题是找到最小加速度的轨迹规划,来优化操作臂的运动以减少抖动。此外,给出了轨迹规划的解存在的充分必要条件,并考虑了所有的关节位置、角速度、加速度、加加速度等运动学限制。而且这种方法能够在线应用,适合任意非零的关节初始状态和目标状态,以便使机器人能够在运动过程中进行实时路径修正。最后提出的方法应用于一个七自由度的仿人机器人手臂来验证方法的有效性。     

Kinematic analysis of a flexible six-DOF parallel mechanism.

In this paper, a new type of six-degrees of freedom (DOF) flexible parallel mechanism (FPM) is presented. This type of parallel mechanism possesses several favorable properties: (1) its number of DOFs is independent of the number of serial chains which make up the mechanism; (2) it has no kinematical singularities; (3) it is designed to move on rails, and therefore its workspace is much larger than that of a conventional parallel manipulator; and (4) without changing the number of DOFs and the kinematics of the mechanisms, the number of the serial chains can be reconfigured according to the needs of the tasks. These properties make the mechanism very preferable in practice, especially for such tasks as joining huge ship blocks, in which the manipulated objects vary dramatically both in weights and dimensions. Furthermore, the mechanism can be used as either a fully actuated system or an underactuated system. In the fully actuated case, the mechanism has six DOF motion capabilities and manipulation capabilities. However, in the underactuated case, the mechanism still has six DOF motion capabilities, but it has only five DOF manipulation capabilities. In this paper, both the inverse and forward kinematics are studied and expressed in a closed form. The workspace and singularity analysis of the mechanism are also presented. An example is presented to illustrate how to calculate the kinematics of the mechanism in both fully-actuated and underactuated cases. Finally, an application of such a mechanism to manufacturing industry is introduced.     

Clock-turning gait synthesis for humanoid robots

Turning gait is a basic motion for humanoid robots. This paper presents a method for humanoid tuming, i.e. clock-turning. The objective of clock-turning is to change robot direction at a stationary spot. The clock-turning planning consists of four steps： ankle trajectory generation, hip trajectory generation, knee trajectory generation, and inverse kinematics calculation. Our proposed method is based on a typical humanoid structure with 12 DOFs （degrees of freedom）. The final output of clock-turning planning is 12 reference trajectories, which are used to control a humanoid robot with 12 DOFs. ZMP （zero moment point） is used as stability criterion for the planning. Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our proposed clock-turuing method.