N-组氨酸壳聚糖/聚乳酸支架吸附牛血清白蛋白研究?

采用二次相分离制备7种 N-组氨酸壳聚糖/聚乳酸(NHCS/PLLA)支架,考察其在模拟体液中对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的吸附性能,并研究其吸附等温式、吸附动力学和热力学行为等.结果表明,在37．0℃、BSA 的初始浓度为2．5 mg/mL 时,50 kD-NHCS-3与PLLA质量比为5/5制得的 NPs3支架对BSA 的吸附容量最大,达928．53 mg/g；吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温式和准一级动力学方程,可为分离纯化BSA提供借鉴.     

组氨酸改性壳聚糖多孔支架的制备与表征

以1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)–3-乙基碳二亚胺为引发剂,N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺为催化偶联剂,将组氨酸接枝到壳聚糖上,通过改变组氨酸/壳聚糖的物质的量比及壳聚糖的相对分子质量制得不同取代度的N-组氨酸壳聚糖(NHCS)。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)、元素分析(EA)、热重分析(TGA)等进行表征。结果表明,随着组氨酸/壳聚糖的物质的量比增大,取代度增高,NHCS支架材料孔径增大,孔径尺寸分布在5μm～120μm之间,孔隙率均大于85%,可以满足组织工程支架材料的要求。随着pH增大,NHCS的Zeta电位从+13.5 mV降至-22.7 mV,表明其具有pH响应性。当组氨酸/壳聚糖的物质的量比为0.5时制得的NHCS支架材料孔径均一,可为生物矿化提供良好的模板。     

N-组氨酸壳聚糖多孔支架对牛血清白蛋白的吸附性能

通过改变组氨酸/壳聚糖的配比及壳聚糖的相对分子质量合成了6种N-组氨酸壳聚糖(NHCS)多孔支架,考察其在模拟体液中吸附牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的能力,用紫外-可见分光光度法测定NHCS不同温度的吸附等温线和不同起始浓度下的吸附动力学曲线等。结果表明,在37.0℃、BSA的初始浓度为2.5 mg/mL时,壳聚糖的相对分子质量为50×103、组氨酸/壳聚糖的摩尔比为3∶1制得的50kD-NHCS-3多孔支架吸附BSA效果最好,吸附容量(Qe)为820.90 mg/g;吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温式和准一级动力学方程,且是一个自发、熵增、吸热的物理吸附过程。50kD-NHCS-3多孔支架可以重复使用,有望用于BSA或其他蛋白的分离纯化。     

碳酸氢氨制孔制备聚乳酸(PLLA)/β磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合骨修复多孔支架材料

采用混合溶剂(氯仿,丙酮)溶解后的聚乳酸(PLLA)与β磷酸三钙(β-TCP)、制孔剂碳酸氢氨(NH4HCO3)复合,冷冻干燥成型制备聚乳酸/β磷酸三钙多孔复合支架材料.正交实验结果表明,适当比例的混合溶剂在-10℃间体积收缩干燥制备的材料具有良好的成型性能和力学强度,碳酸氢氨(粒径200～400μm)质量比为30%(wt),PLLA/β-TCP质量比为1:1时,制备的支架材料抗压强度5.6MPa,孔隙率66.3%,孔径200～400μm.得到理想的复合骨修复多孔支架材料.     

氧化石墨烯增强的骨仿生静电纺左旋聚乳酸纳米纤维支架的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备了左旋聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯(PLLA/GO)复合纳米纤维毡。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、孔隙率测试、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)以及拉伸测试分别对PLLA/GO纳米纤维的形貌结构、孔隙率及力学性能进行了研究。将小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)种植在TSF/PLLA纳米纤维上,通过荧光显微镜分析和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)测试、SEM观察细胞在材料表面的生长以及矿物沉积情况评价复合纳米纤维的生物学性能。结果表明,与纯的PLLA静电纺纳米纤维支架相比,PLLA/GO复合纳米纤维支架的纤维直径显著减小,孔隙率增大,力学性能明显得到改善,拉伸强度和杨氏模量均高于纯PLLA纳米纤维支架将近3倍,而且能够更好地促进MSCs的粘附、增殖和分化。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合纳米结构组织工程支架材料的制备与表征

采用热致相分离法制备了一系列左旋聚乳酸/纳米羟基磷灰石(PLLA/n-HA)纳米纤维状复合支架材料,并采用扫描电境、万能材料试验机和体外降解实验对其进行了表征.实验结果表明,复合支架的孔隙率高达90%;扫描电镜观测到复合支架材料为三维多孔的网状纳米纤维状结构,其纳米纤维直径在200～500nm的范围内;万能材料试验机测得复合支架的压缩模量最大可提高至纯聚乳酸支架的3倍.     

壳聚糖/聚己内酯-聚乳酸多孔支架制备和表征

为调控骨组织工程支架的力学性能和降解性能,采用相分离方法,以冰醋酸-水为共溶剂配制聚合物溶液,以NaOH溶液为凝固剂,以CS为添加剂制备壳聚糖(CS)/聚己内酯(PCL)-聚乳酸(PLA)三维多孔支架,研究了聚合物质量比对支架结构、形貌、孔隙率、力学性能和降解性能的影响。实验结果表明,CS和基体存在相互作用,CS有利于形成三维相互贯通的微孔结构,但CS的存在会使基体中各组分的熔点降低。随着PCL和PLA用量比例的改变,孔径范围和微孔形貌发生了一系列的变化。当PCL∶PLA为2∶4和3∶3时,所制备的支架孔隙率均大于90%,当进一步增大PCL质量比时,孔隙率迅速下降。抗压测试表明,所制备的支架弹性模量为0.8～8.0 MPa。降解性能分析表明,4周以后,当PCL∶PLA为3∶3时,质量损失率最大,达到5.94%。该分析表明采用相分离法,通过调节PCL和PLA的质量比可制备形貌、孔隙率、降解速率和力学性能满足要求的三维多孔支架材料,有望应用在软骨组织工程上。     

聚乳酸及其共聚物多孔支架的制备及性能比较

采用热致相分离法制备了聚左旋丙交酯(PLLA)、聚左旋丙交酯乙交酯(PLLGA)、单甲氧基聚乙二醇-聚左旋丙交酯乙交酯(MPEG-PLLGA)多孔支架,比较了聚合物溶液浓度、溶剂体系对3种支架孔隙率、孔径、孔的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随聚合物溶液浓度的增大,3种支架的孔隙率、孔径均呈减小趋势,压缩强度增大;在质量浓度为0.05g/mL时,PLLA、PLLGA和MPEG-PLLGA的多孔结构均排列较规整,而质量浓度为0.03g/mL和0.04g/mL时,3种支架的孔结构差异较大。选用二氧六环/水混合溶剂体系时,MPEG-PLLGA支架的孔结构较为规整,而PLLA支架表面为微球状,PLLGA支架的孔壁较厚,孔形态不规整。     

聚丙烯酸/聚乳酸复合多孔pH响应水凝胶的制备及性能

利用电纺制备直径为(2.69±0.63)μm,孔径大小为150 nm×120 nm聚乳酸(PLLA)纳米孔超细纤维。以丙烯酸(AA)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,通过自由基聚合制备聚丙烯酸(PAA)水凝胶。将PLLA纳米孔超细纤维浸泡在上述体系中,通过原位聚合制备PAA/PLLA复合水凝胶,并研究m(AA)∶m(PLLA)对复合水凝胶形貌的影响。致孔剂聚乙二醇(PEG)加入,明显提高纤维孔隙率。与PAA水凝胶相比,PAA/PLLA复合水凝胶pH响应时间大大缩短,且拉伸强度由1.9 MPa增加到5.2 MPa,弹性模量从90.4 MPa增加到108.2 MPa。     

PCL/PLLA共混体系的微相分离结构调控及力学性能和气体水蒸气阻隔性能

采用熔融共混法制备了不同聚乳酸(PLLA)组分的聚己内酯/聚乳酸(PCL/PLLA)非均相共混薄膜,研究了其力学性能、气体和水蒸气阻隔性能,并探讨了共混物相结构与各阻隔性能之间的关系。结果表明,不同PLLA共混比例的PCL/PLLA共混膜形成了具有不同相分离结构的非均相体系。当PLLA共混比例高于50%时,共混薄膜体系的相分离结构和相容性得到改善,共混膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量大幅度增加,同时保持了较高的断裂伸长率,而气体和水蒸气透过性却明显降低。相比于纯PCL,PCL/PLLA(75)共混膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别达到68.1 MPa和1136.4 MPa,较PCL分别增加了166%和289%;5℃时,PCL/PLLA(75)共混膜的O_2和CO_2透过系数分别降低了70%和87%;此外,在室温条件下,PCL/PLLA(75)共混膜的水蒸气透过系数降低了31%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...