层状碳纳米管/石英复合材料的制备及其微波衰减性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了3种不同体积分数的碳纳米管/石英复合粉体,将其中的2种复合粉体先后装入同一石墨模腔中,经热压烧结获得致密的层状碳纳米管/石英复合材料.测试了层状复合材料在8.2～12.4GHz波段的微波衰减性能,研究发现,层状碳纳米管/石英复合材料具有优良的微波衰减性能,并且微波从不同的材料面入射对微波产生的反射差别很大.对于10%(体积分数)碳纳米管/石英-纯石英层状复合材料,微波从10%(体积分数)碳纳米管/石英面入射造成的微波反射量是从纯石英面入射造成的微波反射量的5倍以上.采用层状设计制备了一种对微波反射少、吸收量大的碳纳米管/石英复合材料.     

多壁碳纳米管复合材料在26.5～40 GHz频段的电磁性能

采用玻璃布作为分散载体制备多壁碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了在26.5～40 GHz频段,多壁碳纳米管的含量对复合材料的电磁参数及电导率的影响,同时测量了复合材料在该波段的电磁波反射率。研究结果表明:随多壁碳纳米管含量的增加,其介电常数实部和虚部随之增加,介电损耗角正切提高了4倍。复合材料的磁导率随多壁碳纳米管含量的提高变化不明显,呈弱磁性。复合材料的电导率随多壁碳纳米管含量的增加,由原来的绝缘体变为半导体。另外,在26.5～40 GHz频段内多壁碳纳米管复合材料对电磁波的隐身效果不好。      

CNTs/Ferrite/PVDF复合材料的电磁波吸收特性

本文采用水热合成法在碳纳米管(CNTs)表面包覆了一层组分为Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.6Fe.1.96O4的尖晶石型纳米铁氧体(Ferrite)颗粒,并应用共混法制备了碳纳米管/铁氧体/聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)三相复合材料.使用矢量网络分析仪在8-18GHz的频率范围内对复合材料的复介电常数和复磁导率进行了测试,并由此计算出复合材料的反射损失率.测试结果表明,复合材料在宽约为几个GHz的频段内反射损失超过了10dB,碳纳米管/铁氧体/聚偏二氟乙烯复合材料呈现出非常良好的电磁波吸收性能.     

碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料吸波性能的研究

考察了碳纳米管的介电常数,磁导率以及碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料的电磁吸波性能.研究结果表明,碳纳米管介电常数值远大于磁导率值,且电损耗远大于磁损耗,说明碳纳米管是一种电损耗型吸波介质.通过弓形法测定了碳纳米管/三元乙丙橡胶复合材料在2～18GHz范围内的电磁波吸收性能,结果表明,复合材料在5～18GHz范围内具有较好的微波吸收性能.     

化学镀镍碳纳米管的微波吸收性能研究

采用化学镀的方法对碳纳米管进行表面镀镍,TEM观察证实了碳纳米管上已镀覆了镍层,镀层厚度约8～15nm.采用HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了样品在2～18GHz频率范围内的复介电常数(ε=ε′-jε″)和复磁导率(μ=μ′-jμ″).用吸收屏理论公式计算其反射损耗(R.L.)、匹配厚度(dm)及匹配频率(fm).结果表明,随着匹配厚度的增大,化学镀镍碳纳米管的吸收峰没有发生移动,当匹配厚度dm=0.2mm时,样品最低反射损耗达-11.40dB,对应的匹配频率fm=15.6GHz,而且在整个电磁波频率测试范围内,反射损耗值均＜-10.5dB,能够作为一种理想的电、磁损耗型吸波材料.     

纳米SiC纤维改性短切碳纤维增强Si_3N_4陶瓷介电响应及吸波性能

以甲基三氯硅烷为原料,采用催化化学气相沉积(CCVD)工艺在短切碳纤维(C_(fd))表面制备了纳米SiC纤维(nano SiC_f)改性层,并采用凝胶注模-无压烧结工艺制备了nano SiC_f-C_(fd)/Si_3N_4和C_(fd)/Si_3N_4复合材料。使用矢量网络分析仪研究了nano SiC_f-C_(fd)和C_(fd)对Si_3N_4陶瓷在X波段(8.2~12.4GHz)的介电响应和吸波性能的影响。结果表明:nano SiC_f-C_(fd)/Si_3N_4和C_(fd)/Si_3N_4复合材料的复介电常数和介电损耗角正切值(tanδ)均随纤维添加量增加而增大;相同纤维含量时,nano SiC_f-C_(fd)/Si_3N_4复合材料的介电常数实部比C_(fd)/Si_3N_4复合材料有所降低,但损耗角正切升高。反射损耗结果表明:nano SiC_f-C_(fd)/Si_3N_4复合材料拥有更优的电磁波吸收效果。nano SiC_f-C_(fd)含量为2wt%、d=2.5mm时,出现最大吸收峰-14.95dB,反射损耗优于-5dB,波段频宽达3.5GHz。nano SiC_f界面改性能有效提高C_(fd)/Si_3N_4复合材料的吸波性能。     

La2O3:Eu3+纳米晶充填碳纳米管吸波性能的研究

通过湿化学技术法制备了La2O3:Eu3 纳米晶充填碳纳米管复合材料.高分辨透射电镜观测到充填碳纳米管的La2O3:Eu3 纳米晶在碳纳米管内呈准连续状态分布.HP8722ES矢量网络分析仪测量了样品在2～18GHz频率范围内的复介电常数和复磁导率.材料反射率损耗(R.L.)、匹配频段(fm)及匹配厚度(dm)采用吸收屏理论公式计算.结果表明,样品反射率随吸收层匹配厚度的增大,吸收峰向低频方向迁移并有窄化的趋势.吸收层在X波段具有较好的吸波效果.当吸收层匹配厚度为dm=9.0mm时,在10.6～12.8GHz频段内,反射衰减最大达-25.64dB,反射衰减＜-5dB的频宽达2.21GHz.     

谐振子含量变化引起的反射与吸收多效应

研究了含有谐振子和损耗介质的环氧树脂基复合材料对电磁波的反射与吸收效应。对具有不同谐振子含量的复合材料的微波反射率测试结果表明:复合材料中谐振子的含量达到某一临界值 V_(fc)时,呈现对电磁波吸收至反射的转变效应,对于铁氧体填充的环氧树脂基复合材料,当铁氧体的体积含量为70%时,V_(fc)=0.4%,实验发现:V_(fc)依赖于材料的介电特性,复数介电常数虚部越小,V_(fc)越大,对于复数介电常数虚部很小的材料,由吸收向反射的转变是逐渐过渡的,V_(fc)存在一个较宽的范围。分析表明:当谐振子含量 V_f 增大时,出现吸收与反射转变效应,与体系的快极化电容增加以及谐振子感应场的相互作用增强有关。     

PBT/石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其导电性能研究

以膨胀石墨为基体,用硝酸铁、碳酸铵等物质对其进行修饰,结合化学气相沉积工艺,原位制备出石墨烯/碳纳米管复合粉体材料;利用扫描电镜对复合粉体进行了表征。采用熔融混炼的方法制备PBT/石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料并测试了其表面电阻。研究结果表明:该方法可以制备出性能优异的石墨烯/碳纳米管复合粉体材料,将该复合粉体加入到PBT中所制备的复合材料具有优良的电性能;当复合粉体加入量为5%时,PBT/石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的表面电阻可达到106Ω。     

SiC(N)/LAS纳米陶瓷复合材料的介电特性

采用LAS玻璃粉末和激光诱导法制备的纳米SiC(N)粉体,通过热压烧结法制备了SiC(N)/LAS纳米陶瓷复合材料,研究了该复合材料在8.2~12.4GHz频率范围内的微波介电特性。结果表明,SiC(N)/LAS的介电常数主要受纳米SiC(N)粉体含量的控制,此外还与烧结温度有关。随着烧结温度的提高,复合材料介电常数和介电损耗均随之增大。SiC(N)/LAS对电磁波的损耗作用明显优于同体积分数的纳米SiC(N)与石蜡混合体,这与烧结过程中形成的碳界面有关。     

CNT纸/SiC对称梯度层状复合材料的高温电磁屏蔽性能和介电性能

将单层碳纳米管(CNT)纸浸渍酚醛树脂致密化,通过树脂碳层层焊接得到厚度约为2.6 mm的CNT纸/SiC层状梯度复合材料,由13个CNT纸/SiC复合材料结构层和12个膨胀石墨增韧树脂C界面层组成,SiC含量沿厚度方向由中心向两端呈递增的对称梯度分布。CNT纸/SiC层状梯度复合材料的体积密度为1.65 g/cm3,开气孔率为7.25%,在宏观尺度范围获得在SiC基体中均匀弥散分布的高含量的CNT。在X频段范围,CNT纸/SiC层状梯度复合材料600℃时的平均总屏蔽效率(37.19 dB)高于室温(35.00 dB)。较之室温时的屏蔽性能,CNT纸/SiC层状梯度复合材料600℃时的反射系数略有减小,但吸收系数明显增加,透射系数由0.0003减小至0.0002,展示了良好的在电磁屏蔽领域尤其是高温屏蔽领域的应用前景。在X频段范围,随温度由室温升高至600℃,CNT纸/SiC层状梯度复合材料的虚介电常数平均值由114.6增大至149.1;平均损耗正切值由1.62增大至1.79。      

Electrical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube reinforced fused silica composites

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-fused silica composite powders were synthesized by solgel method and dense bulk composites were successfully fabricated via hot-pressing. This composite was characterized by XRD, HRTEM, and FESEM. MWCNTs in the hot-pressed composites are in their integrity observed by HRTEM. The electrical properties of MWCNT-fused silica composites were measured and analyzed. The electrical resistivity was found to decrease with the increase in the amount of the MWCNT loading in the composite. When the volume percentage of the MWCNTs increased to 5 vol%, the electrical resistivity of the composite is 24.99 omega cm, which is a decrease of twelve orders of value over that of pure fused silica matrix. The electrical resistivity further decreases to 1.742 omega. cm as the concentration of the MWCNTs increased to 10 vol%. The dielectric properties of the composites were also measured at the frequency ranging from 12.4 to 17.8 GHz (Ku band) at room temperature. The experimental results reveal that the dielectric properties are extremely sensitive to the volume percentage of the MWCNTs, and the permittivities, especially the imaginary permittivities, increase dramatically with the increase in the concentration of the MWCNTs. The improvement of dielectric properties in high frequency region mainly originates from the greatly increasing electrical properties of the composite.     

Investigation of microstructure and wear behaviors of al matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotube

In this study, the effect of CNT amount in Al-CNT composites produced by adding carbon nanotube (CNT) to 7075 Al alloy in various amounts on microstructure and wear behaviors of aluminum matrix composites was investigated. CNT was added to 7075 Al alloy powder at five different amounts. The powders were mechanically milled for 2 hours. Mechanical milled powders were cold pressed and then pre-shaped by hot pressing. Pre-shaped samples were sintered for 1 hour under 10^?6 millibar in 580°C. Microstructure examinations, hardness measurements, and wear tests were carried out. The results show that CNT's in the microstructure were agglomerated as nanotube amount increases and there was no uniform distribution. The highest hardness value was obtained in AMC reinforced with 1% CNT while it is seen that hardness of the composite decreases and weight loss increases as CNT amount increases.     

碳化硅颗粒填充的碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的吸波性能

以碳纳米管、碳化硅颗粒为原料制备环氧树脂复合吸波材料,并对其吸波性能进行测试,研究了碳纳米管、碳化硅颗粒含量与复合材料吸波性能的关系.结果表明碳纳米管、碳化硅颗粒的含量对复合材料的吸波性能有较大影响.随碳纳米管含量的增加,碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的吸波性能先提高后降低,碳纳米管含量存在最佳值(12%,质量分数).将碳...     

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of short carbon fibre-filled polychloroprene vulcanized by barium ferrite

Short carbon fibre-filled polychloroprene rubber composites vulcanized by barium ferrite were used for the measurement of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, at varying carbon fibre concentrations, aspect ratios and sample thicknesses, in the frequency range of 100 to 2000 MHz. The return loss values of the composites have also been studied at different carbon fibre concentrations and aspect ratios in the frequency range of 1100 to 2000 MHz. It was observed that at a particular frequency with increasing carbon fibre concentration the shielding effectiveness of the composite increases and return loss decreases. It was also observed that composites prepared by a cement mixed method with a high fibre aspect ratio (L/D 100) show a higher shielding effectiveness and lower return loss than composites prepared by a mill mixed method with a low fibre aspect ratio (L/D 25). This indicates that loss due to absorption increases with increase in carbon fibre concentration and aspect ratio. Correlation between shielding effectiveness and volume resistivity of the composites indicates that the shielding effectiveness depends not only upon the volume resistivity of the composite, but also on the aspect ratio and sample thickness.     

Synthesis of nanocomposite powders of γ-alumina-carbon nanotube by sol–gel method

The nanocomposite powders of γ-alumina-carbon nanotube were successfully synthesized by a sol–gel process. The homogeneous mixture of carbon nanotubes and alumina particles was obtained by mixing the carbon nanotubes within alumina solution and followed by heating into gel. The resultant gel was dried and calcined at 200 °C into boehmite-carbon nanotubes composite powders. The mean particle size of synthesized boehmite was of the order of 4 nm. The boehmite-carbon nanotubes composite powders were calcined at different temperatures and XRD investigations revealed that as the amount of carbon nanotube increases, γ- to α-alumina phase transformation is completed at higher temperatures. The specific surface area and mean particle size of resultant nanocomposite powders increased and decreased, respectively by increasing the content of carbon nanotubes.     

Study on the semi-empirical model for the complex permittivity of carbon nanocomposite laminates in microwave frequency band

A semi-empirical model is proposed for the complex permittivity of composites containing electrical conductive carbon nanomaterials such as carbon black (CB), carbon nanofiber (CNF) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT). The composites were fabricated with E-glass fabric/epoxy prepregs. The model is based on the percolation theory. The model is available for the composite of filler content over the percolation threshold and applicable within the high frequency band in which AC electrical conductivity of the composite is continuously proportional to the frequency. The proposed model is composed of the numerical equations of the scaling law in percolation theory and constants obtained from experiments to quantify the model. The model describes the complex permittivity as a function of frequency and filler content. The model was verified when compared with the measurements. The measurements for the complex permittivities of the composites were performed at the frequency band between 0.5 and 18.0 GHz using a vector network analyzer with a 7 mm coaxial air line.     

PTFE-SWNT composite for microwave absorption application

The Polytetrafluoroethylene-single walled carbon nanotube (PTFE-SWNT) composites are prepared and its dielectric properties are investigated as a function of SWNT loading both at 1 MHz and microwave frequencies. The relative permittivity and the conductivity increases with carbon nanotube loading. The addition of 0.02-volume fraction of SWNT increases the relative permittivity of the polymer from 2.1 to 7.5 × 10⁶ and the conductivity from 4.887 × 10^− 9 to 8.52 × 10^− 3 S/cm at 1 MHz. As the volume fraction of SWNT increases from 0.01 to 0.05 the relative permittivity of the PTFE-SWNT composite increases from 4 to 6.6 at X-band (8-12 GHz) and the power attenuation coefficient varies from 9.5 to 17 dB/mm.     

Electrical conductivity and shielding effectiveness of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites have been fabricated to evaluate the potential of PTT composites as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material. The room temperature electrical conductivity, complex permittivity, and shielding effectiveness (SE) of PTT/MWCNT composites were studied in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band). The dc conductivity (σ) of composites increased with increasing MWCNT loading and a typical percolation behavior was observed at 0.48 vol% MWCNT loading. The highest EMI SE of PTT/MWCNT composites was ~23 decibel (dB) at 4.76 vol% MWCNT loading which suggest that these composites can be used as light weight EMI shielding materials. The correlation among the SE, complex permittivity, and electrical conductivity was also studied. The EMI shielding mechanism of PTT/MWCNT composites was studied by resolving the total EMI SE into absorption and reflection loss.     

Electromagnetic characteristic and microwave absorbing performance of different carbon-based hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber composites

Hydrogenated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (HNBR) was mixed with carbon fiber (CF), conductive carbon black (CCB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to prepare microwave absorbing composites, their complex permittivity was measured in microwave frequencies (2–18 GHz), and their electromagnetic characteristics and microwave absorbing performance were studied. The real part and imaginary part of permittivity of the composites increased with increasing carbon filler loading, showing dependency on filler type. The microwave reflection loss of the composites also depended on the loading and type of fillers. The matching thickness of the absorber layer decreased with increasing permittivity, while the matching frequency decreased with increasing layer thickness. The minimum reflection loss was −49.3 dB for HNBR/MWCNT (100/10) composite, while −13.1 dB for HNBR/CCB (100/15) composite and −7.1 dB for HNBR/CF (100/30) composite. The efficient microwave absorption of HNBR/MWCNT composites is accounted from high conduction loss and dielectric relaxation of MWCNT, and strong interface scattering.