新型喷钼活塞在柴油机上的应用研究

采用氧-乙炔火焰喷钼工艺对活塞表面进行喷钼处理,提高活塞的耐磨性和表面硬度。通过进行台架试验,测量了柴油机采用喷钼活塞时的油耗、功率、扭矩、排温等性能参数,分析喷钼活塞的实际效果。研究结果表明,与原机活塞相比,柴油机采用喷钼活塞后,标定工况点的燃油消耗率下降约2.6%;功率提高5kW,最大扭矩点扭矩提高10N.m;排温下降8℃左右。     

压力自适应活塞在船用发动机上的试验与仿真研究

为兼顾发动机低负荷热效率和高负荷爆震倾向,研制了一种适用于高压缩比的压力自适应活塞。采用试验研究方法在发动机台架上测试了压力自适应活塞对发动机性能的影响,在此基础上采用数值模拟的方法建立了发动机工作过程数值计算模型和爆震模型,研究了活塞头部位移和活塞对缸内压力、燃烧循环波动、燃油消耗率的影响及活塞的爆震抑制性能。台架试验和仿真研究结果表明：通过提高压缩比,在负荷较低时,活塞头部无位移或位移较小,缸内压力相较原机有所提升,燃油消耗率相较原机有所降低,如25%负荷工况下的燃油消耗率相较原机降低了6.67 g/（kW·h）;在负荷较高时,活塞头部位移较大,降低了过高的缸内压力和压力升高率,爆震得到有效抑制,峰值压力循环波动系数的最大降幅为1.11%,100%负荷工况下的爆震诱导时间积分相较原机降低了0.19。     

D4114增压中冷柴油机的研制

D4114增压中冷柴油机是上柴公司在D6114柴油机基础上开发的系列化机型。从整车配套考虑,该机标定转速由原六缸机的2200r/min提高到2600r/min,活塞行程由135mm减小到130mm,排量为5.308L.自行设计了二阶往复惯性力平衡机构,在提高转速的情况下,实现了整机的低振动和低噪声以及平稳的运转性。发动机标定功率为132kW,外特性最低燃油消耗率仅为210g/(kW·h),满足欧Ⅰ、欧Ⅱ排放标准。     

自由活塞发动机工作特性仿真分析

以自由活塞发动机为研究对象,基于MATLAB/Simulink建立仿真模型,分析动子质量和外部负载对自由活塞发动机电磁力、电磁力做功的影响。结果表明：所建立的模型可以初步模拟自由活塞发动机系统动子运动等特征,动子质量要足够大,动子质量小于3.0 kg时该发动机不能正常工作,动子质量大于3.3 kg时,发动机能够正常工作;随动子质量增大,电磁力做功功率呈先增大后下降趋势,动子质量为3.7 kg时电磁力功率最大,为1.42 kW;随外部负载增加,电磁力峰值降低,电磁力做功功率先增大后降低,当外部负载为8Ω时电磁力功率最大,为2.10 kW。     

甲醇发动机的性能研究

在一台HL495JIQ发动机上,通过采用高压缩比及高挤气面积比的燃烧室,使甲醇发动机的动力性、燃料经济性和排放特性得到明显改善．台架实验表明：标定功率比原机提高了7%,最大转矩比原机提高了7．5%,最大功率点油耗下降7．4%,THC、NO_x、CO远低于GB 14762-2002规定的限值．在同一台发动机上,对比研究了M100和M85两种燃料,结果表明,采用M100可以获得更好的排放指标．采用基于气相色谱仪的甲醇发动机非常规碳氢排放物检测仪对该发动机的尾气进行检测,九工况法的检测表明：尾气中的甲醇排放接近0,甲醛排放为0．04 g/(kW·h),在总碳氢中占80%．     

微种群遗传算法在电控柴油机控制参数优化中的应用

针对电控柴油机控制参数虚拟优化中传统优化算法存在的一些问题,利用一种全局智能寻优方法--微种群遗传算法,并结合改进的发动机三维数值模拟程序KIVA3V,建立起一个发动机多参数优化软件平台.在该软件平台上,对带有BUMP燃烧室的电控柴油机的喷油时刻和喷油压力进行优化.结果显示,在平均有效压力为0.79MPa时,优化后的发动机排放与原机相比,NOx由4.11g/(kW·h)降低到2.5lg/(kW·h),碳烟由0.267g/(kW·h)降低到0.240g/(kW·h),优化结果与优化试验数据基本吻合,说明微种群遗传算法非常适合发动机多参数优化问题的求解,优化结果可为实际燃烧过程的优化控制提供参考方案.     

两级涡流增压器的匹配仿真

利用GT-power软件对两级涡轮增压器的匹配及其特性进行了研究。在现有的压气机MAP的基础上为发动机配上压气机,而涡轮是采用DOE对入口直径和效率进行优化来达到压气机和发动机的匹配。结果表明,两级涡轮增压器在燃油消耗率和转矩方面相对于单级的增压器都有明显的优势,且标定转速下,功率可从155 kW提高到192 kW。     

柴油机高原喷油策略遗传算法优化及罚参数研究

针对高原环境下,涡轮增压柴油机动力性恶化,涡轮增压器喘振、超速和涡轮入口温度上升等问题,提出通过遗传算法优化喷油策略恢复高原功率的方法.在柴油机性能仿真模型的基础上,建立了柴油机高原喷油策略优化模型,设计了遗传算法中选择优良个体的依据——适应度函数,通过仿真研究喷油参数对喘振裕度的影响规律,并结合喷油参数对增压器转速和涡前温度的影响规律,将适应度函数中的罚参数的个数由4个缩减为2个,研究了罚参数对种群分布和优化效果的影响,提出了罚参数取值方法并验证了其合理性.海拔4,km条件下的优化结果显示:标定点功率相对原机提升21%,,恢复至原机平原水平的89.5%;燃油消耗率相对原机降低9.6%,.     

CA4DF3R-13柴油机性能改进及优化

在CA4DF3R-13发动机上采用自主开发的高压共轨燃油喷射系统,保持发动机结构参数、进排气道参数、燃烧室参数不作变动,并在缸内压力不高于限值条件下,通过对增压系统、喷油嘴参数及喷射特性进行调整和优化,完成了柴油机工作区域内控制参数的标定。优化后该机型达到国Ⅲ排放指标要求,各点比油耗、烟度与匹配进口共轨系统的原机水平相当。     

Atkinson循环汽油机热力学性能模拟开发及试验研究

对东风汽车某自然吸气发动机的仿真模型进行试验对标,根据阿特金森循环的原理对发动机模型进行压缩比和配气相位的优化计算,最后对原发动机进行改装并开展了性能验证试验。研究结果表明:改进后样机在满足动力性能要求的条件下,中低转速的燃油消耗率相比原机得到了较好的改善,其中部分负荷特征工况点的燃油消耗率降低约2%~4%。     

Coupled dynamic–multidimensional modelling of free-piston engine combustion

Free-piston engines are under investigation by a number of research groups worldwide, as an alternative to conventional technology in applications such as electric and hydraulic power generation. The piston dynamics of the free-piston engine differ significantly from those of conventional engines, and this may influence in-cylinder gas motion, combustion and emissions formation. Due to the complex interaction between mechanics and thermodynamics, the modelling of free-piston engines is not straight-forward. This paper presents a novel approach to the modelling of free-piston engines through the introduction of solution-dependent mesh motion in an engine CFD code. The particular features of free-piston engines are discussed, and the model for engine dynamics implemented in the CFD code is described. Finally, the coupled solver is demonstrated through the modelling of a spark ignited free-piston engine generator.     

Integration of a free-piston Stirling engine and a moving grate incinerator

The feasibility of recovering the waste heat from a small-scale incinerator (designed by Industrial Technology Research Institute) and generating electric power by a linear free-piston Stirling engine is investigated in this study. A heat-transfer model is used to simulate the integration system of the Stirling engine and the incinerator. In this model, the external irreversibility is modeled by the finite temperature difference and by the actual heat transfer area, while the internal irreversibility is considered by an internal heat leakage. At a fixed source temperature and a fixed sink temperature, the optimal engine performance can be obtained by the method of Lagrange multipliers.From the energy and mass balances for the interesting incinerator with the feeding rate at 16 t/d, there is enough otherwise wasted energy for powering the Stirling engine and generate more than 50 kW of electricity.     

Prototype testing and analysis of a novel internal combustion linear generator integrated power system

A novel four-stroke free-piston engine equipped with a linear electric generator (namely internal combustion linear generator integrated power system) is proposed in this paper to achieve efficient energy conversion from fuel to electricity. Unique features of the novel power system are presented and their effects on the continuous running are discussed, along with potential advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional engines. A single cylinder, gasoline and spark ignition prototype is fabricated with reference to the geometric and control parameters of an existing conventional four-stroke engine. Stable running of the prototype is realized, and a 2.2 kW average output power with the generating efficiency of 32% has been obtained up to now. The feasibility and performance of the proposed design are verified. Detailed testing results from the continuous running prototype are analyzed in this paper for giving insight into the performance and dynamic behaviors of the novel power system.     

Parameters coupling designation of diesel free-piston linear alternator

This research presents a novel parameters coupling designation method of diesel free-piston linear alternator. The relationship between the main parameters of linear alternator and free-piston engine is built up based on the energy conservation relationship between these two devices. An iterative procedure is carried out among the zero-dimensional numerical simulation of the free-piston linear alternator, CFD calculation of the gas exchanging process and combustion process of the free-piston engine to define the main geometric dimensions of the free-piston engine. A starting method of using the resonance characteristics of free-piston engine is simulated with different relatively small constant thrust forces and the designed free-piston engine could be started by the linear alternator. The results indicate that the load of the linear alternator is primarily associated with the bore of the engine, and the maximum electromagnetic force is approximately proportional to the square of the bore; the effective stroke length is associated with the optimum working point of free-piston linear alternator which could be defined using the numerical simulation program.     

Heat-transfer aspects of Stirling power generation using incinerator waste energy

The integration of a free-piston Stirling engine with linear alternator and an incinerator is able to effectively recover the waste energy and generate electrical power. In this study, a cycle-averaged heat transfer model is employed to investigate the performance of a free-piston Stirling engine installed on an incinerator. With the input of source and sink temperatures and other realistic heat transfer coefficients, the efficiency and the optimal power output are estimated, and the effect induced by internal and external irreversibilities is also evaluated. The proposed approach and modeling results presented in this study provide valuable information for engineers and designers to recover energy from small-scale incinerators.     

The control of a free-piston engine generator. Part 1: Fundamental analyses

Free-piston engines are under investigation by a number of research groups due to potential fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions advantages over conventional technology. The main challenge with such engines is the control of the piston motion, and this has not yet been fully resolved for all types of free-piston engines. This paper discusses the basic features of a single piston free-piston engine generator under development at Newcastle University and investigates engine control issues using a full-cycle simulation model. Control variables and disturbances are identified, and a control strategy is proposed. It is found that the control of the free-piston engine is a challenge, but that the proposed control strategy is feasible. Engine speed control does, however, represent a challenge in the current design.     

自由活塞热气机性能仿真方法研究

对自由活塞热气机的动力与热力学性能数值模拟方法进行了研究,在经典的一阶、二阶以及三阶仿真方法的基础上,开发了一套能够用于多种自由活塞热气机性能计算的仿真方法。仿真结果和试验结果基本一致,验证了该算法的正确性。     

天然气发动机可变喷嘴涡轮增压器匹配研究

针对488天然气发动机匹配了可变喷嘴涡轮增压器(VNT),设计了电子控制系统,并通过发动机试验研究了VNT匹配规律。天然气发动机VNT调节规律不仅与节气门开度(负荷)有关,也与发动机的转速有关。匹配试验结果表明:采用VNT增压技术后天然气发动机的功率和转矩显著提高,最大功率从58 kW提高到73 kW,最大转矩从156 N.m提高到212 N.m,且最大转矩点转速降低,大幅度改善了天然气发动机的动力性与经济性。     

LR6105ZT柴油机在自行电站上的开发和应用

LR6105ZT自行电站用柴油机是在LR105系列柴油机用在履带拖拉机、履带推土机等基础上改型设计而成的,功率为100kW和132kW两种。主要介绍LR105ZT柴油机用于自行电站上的开发和应用情况。     

The control of a free-piston engine generator. Part 2: Engine dynamics and piston motion control

Free-piston engines are under investigation by a number of research groups due to potential fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions advantages over conventional technology. The main challenge with such engines is the control of the piston motion, and this has not yet been fully resolved for all types of free-piston engines. This paper builds on the fundamental investigations presented in the accompanying paper and investigates the dynamics of the engine and the feasibility of classical control approaches. The response of the engine to rapid load changes are investigated using decentralised PID, PDF and disturbance feedforward. It is found that the engine is sensitive to rapid load changes but that in constant power applications standard control techniques provide satisfactory performance. The influence of cycle-to-cycle variations in the combustion process are investigated, but not found to be critical for engine operation.