Composition of the Council of Representatives: Report on the apportionment ballot for representation year 1987.

Beginning with the 1973 legislative year, the size of the Council of Representatives was fixed at approximately 115 members, including the Board of Directors and APA officers. This was done to reduce the size of Council and to place a ceiling on the total number of Council members possible. This action was the result of several years of study in the late 1960s by the Commission on the Composition of Council, which was chaired by George W. Albee. At the commission's recommendation, the membership voted to adopt the present system of the annual apportionment ballot to determine how many Council representatives each division and state association will have each year. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Composition of the Council of Representatives: Report on the apportionment ballot for representation year 1983.

Beginning with the 1973 legislative year, the size of the Council of Representatives was fixed at approximately 115 members, including the Board of Directors and APA officers. This was done to reduce the size of Council and to place a ceiling on the total number of Council members possible. This action was the result of several years of study in the late 1960s by the Commission on the Composition of Council, which was chaired by George W. Albee. At the commission's recommendation, the membership voted to adopt the present system of the annual apportionment ballot to determine how many Council representatives each division and state association will have each year. In conjunction with this system, the Council established a continuing committee called the Committee on Structure and Function of Council. Among other activities, this committee monitors the annual apportionment ballot and reports the results to Council. This paper presents the annual report on the apportionment ballot for representation year 1983. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Association of Marriage Counselors.

Comments on the article by Steiner (Amer. Psychologist, 1960, 15, 363-364). This article makes no mention at all of the American Association of Marriage Counselors, which has for many years now been the one professional organization operating in this field, maintaining the highest possible qualifications for membership. I should like to suggest that qualified psychologists who are engaged in marriage counseling investigate the possibilities of affiliating with the AAMC (27 Woodcliff Drive; Madison, New Jersey). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Do Applied Psychologists Die Young?

Examined whether psychologists engaged in applied fields of psychology die earlier than psychologists in other fields. Data for two samples of male psychologists in 1960 were analyzed. The answer to the question, "Do applied psychologists die young?", appears to be, "Yes, at least in comparison to other psychologists in 1960." Whether 1960 was simply an unfortunate year for applied psychologists does not seem likely though it is possible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Composition of the Council of Representatives: Report on the Apportionment Ballot for Representation Year 1985.

Beginning with the 1973 legislative year, the size of the Council of Representatives of the American Psychological Association (APA) was fixed at approximately 115 members, including the Board of Directors and APA officers. This was done to reduce the size of Council and to place a ceiling on the total number of Council members possible. This action was the result of several years of study in the late 1960s by the Commission on the Composition of Council, which was chaired by George W. Albee. At the commission's recommendation, the membership voted to adopt the present system of the annual apportionment ballot to determine how many Council representatives each division and state association will have each year. The article describes this system and includes tables presenting the number of Council seats held by divisions and the number held by state associations and coalitions for the period 1966-1984, and the results of the 1985 Council apportionment ballot. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Lectureship Program of Division 1.

Beginning with the academic year 1960-61, Division 1 of the APA is initiating a lectureship program designed to stimulate interest in psychology in certain selected undergraduate colleges. The plan of the lectureship is to have a distinguished psychologist visit the college for one day, delivering a formal lecture and holding informal discussions with students and faculty members. Colleges invited to participate in the program will contribute entertainment of the lecturer and will make a contribution toward his honorarium. Division 1 has been very fortunate in the quality of the lecturers who have agreed to participate in the venture. We believe that a lectureship program of this sort may prove to be of distinct service in advancing interest in psychology in colleges which do not have a graduate program in the subject. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Quantification of biographical data for predicting vocational rehabilitation success.

To devise an instrument based on biographical data to classify applicants for State vocational rehabilitation services in terms of success and to construct expectancy charts to indicate probability of success of future applicants. The Ss were 200 clients closed in fiscal year 1960 as being employed and 200 closed in fiscal year 1960 as being unemployed, as well as 40 in each category closed during fiscal year 1961. 86 items of personal data were obtained for key K1 and 20 selected items were obtained for key K2. Results were: variance between criterion subgroups could be maximized for classification, scores could be derived to classify clients, scores could be combined to establish expectancy charts, and K2 predicted expectancies better than K1. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

John L. Horn (1928-2006).

John Leonard Horn was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, on September 7, 1928, and he died in Los Angeles, California, on August 18, 2006. John Horn was a world-renowned scholar of immense intellect, and he was highly respected in his time. I believe his major contributions to psychology, as well as his influence on psychologists, will continue to grow. His challenging factor-analytic methods of the 1960s, the important methodological debates of the 1970s and 1980s, and his continuing resistance to faddish trends in psychological research all represent fundamental contributions. Through his research and teaching he forced people to question popular assumptions and to evaluate all the data available. He challenged us to think longer, harder, and better. His work will continue to inspire important research in the fields of multivariate analysis and human cognitive abilities for many decades to come. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Paracoccidioidomycosis: an epidemic in the Republic of Paraguay, the center of South America

The investigation done on the frequency or incidence of Paracoccidioidomycosis in the Republic of Paraguay, with the cases appeared and registered in the Institute of Pathology of Asuncion, presents an incidence rate of 0.46 per 100,000 in the total population; 0.52 per 100,000 in the population at risk. Considering the exposed masculine population the rate is 1.03 per 100,000 and for the feminine 0.02 per 100,000. The age group most affected is within the 50-54 year range with 3.54 per 100,000, the highest rate of all the groups studied. These are the incidence in a strongly exposed population which is controlled and well known. The period of 10 years (1960/69) which has been chosen for this investigation, shows a frequency of the mixed type (lymphatic-visceral or lymphoma-type) which reaches 25% of the total, and a low frequency for the pulmonary form which reaches a mere 12.5%. The mucocutaneous lesion with the involvement of the regional lymph nodes is the dominating form. Considering three consecutive 5 year periods between 1960 to 1974, no cases with proved pulmonary involvement were found until 1964; from 1965 to 1969 the percentage of pulmonary lesions in all the cases considered was 23.0% and from 1970 to 1974 reached to 38.4%. However, mucocutaneous and the lymphatic-visceral or mixed forms do not show significant variations. The rats are small and represent the incidence of this mycosis. It is suggested that a failure of the immunologic system would be found in those affected by the disease and there would be a strong resistence in the majority of the population exposed or within the endemic area of the infection.     

History of Psychology new editor statement.

Two astute and creative editors have guided History of Psychology through its first 12 volumes. Michael Sokal, Founding Editor, and James Capshew have done marvelous work in making the journal must reading for scholars in the history of the human sciences. I feel honored to serve as the third editor of the journal and will continue the excellent editorial standards set for the journal. Over the course of the next year, readers will see several new features in the journal. Each year, we plan to have either one full issue or a special section devoted to a particular topic. A second new feature is Teaching the History of Psychology, with Barney Beins, a past-President of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology, serving as Section Editor. While the journal will continue to cover all eras of psychology, I will seek more submissions on the history of psychology after World War Two. For American psychology, this has been the period when it has grown most dramatically, not only in numbers, but in worldwide influence, concurrent with the growth of American political, economic, and military influence. My goal as editor is to make the journal indispensable reading and to have the kind of quality that will make it necessary to expand the number of pages we print each year. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Research with the Stanford-Binet, Form L-M: The first five years.

Research literature on the Stanford Binet (S-B), Form L-M, is reviewed beginning with 1960, the year of publication of the latest revision. Major areas include validity, reliability, sensitivity to extratest influences, performance of southern Negro children, influence of socioeconomic status, diagnostic value, and brief forms. Almost all validity studies are concerned with concurrent validity, in which the S-B is correlated with another test. (30 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A historical examination of author sex and research funding in industrial/organizational psychology.

Analyzed 9,042 research articles in 5 journals during the period 1917–1984 for trends in author sex and funding in industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology. Results show that the greatest percentage of articles authored by women appeared in the 1920's. This figure declined through the 1960's and rose during the 1970's and 1980's. More male than female authors received funding up through the 1950's, but this was reversed in the 1960's and 1970's. It is suggested that more credit should be given to the effect female professionals had on the growth of I/O psychology and that women are now publishing in proportion to their professional membership. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Government support of psychological research: Fiscal year 1959.

"The report presents information on the amount and sources of funds for the support of psychological research and reflects the relative emphasis being placed on specific areas of psychology… . In the fiscal year 1959 (ending June 30, 1959) there was a substantial increase over the preceding year in federal support of psychological research. Approximately $31,300,000 was obligated by some 12 departments and subdivisions of the federal government for the conduct of research in psychology and closely related areas." 4 tables indicating annual rate of support of extramural research in psychology and related fields are provided; a 5th table indicates obligations by scientific fields for fiscal years 1958, 1959, and 1960. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The eigenvalues-greater-than-one rule and the reliability of components.

A commonly used criterion for the number of factors to rotate is the eigenvalues-greater-than-one rule proposed by Kaiser (1960). It states that there are as many reliable factors as there are eigenvalues greater than one. The reasoning is that an eigenvalue less than one implies that the scores on the component would have negative reliability. I show here that this rule is the result of a misapplication of the formula for internal consistency reliability. I also present a formula for the reliability of a component; it depends on the eigenvalue and the reliability of the individual measures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

L'emancipation de la psychologie Canadienne.

What has happened to psychology in Canadian universities in the past few years is indeed startling. It has been caught up in a wave of popularity, or public trust, which has produced disproportionately large increases in enrolments in psychology everywhere. Psychology departments now typically carry the largest or one of the largest undergraduate teaching loads, and most have also developed graduate programs. Since 1960, the number of Canadian graduate departments of psychology has more than doubled. By 1966 and 1967 psychology was, of all the traditional academic disciplines, the third largest producer of Canadian PhD's. The rapid increase in the number of faculty required to teach so many students has made it possible for departments to develop along a number of lines. The developments in the universities are only one small part of the story of Canadian psychology in the 1960's, but they are particularly significant because of the promise they hold for the discipline in the years ahead. During the present decade improvements in the state of psychology in this nation have been in every respect spectacular. Canadian psychology has come of age. The evidence is all around us. The question now before us is, will this discipline move forward with confidence into maturity? Will it accept full responsibility for itself? Will it control its own destiny? I believe that it can and that it will. The future holds out much promise if we shape it to our advantage. Opportunities to determine our fate are being presented to us now if we will only seize them. The Canadian Psychological Association is the organization which can provide the fulcrum for the efforts that are required. Hence, we must make it the strong representative organization it should be. There are many problems to overcome if we are to do this, but nothing is impossible if we keep our real goals in sight. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Canadian psychology comes of age.

What has happened to psychology in Canadian universities in the past few years is indeed startling. It has been caught up in a wave of popularity, or public trust, which has produced disproportionately large increases in enrolments in psychology everywhere. Psychology departments now typically carry the largest or one of the largest undergraduate teaching loads, and most have also developed graduate programs. Since 1960, the number of Canadian graduate departments of psychology has more than doubled. By 1966 and 1967 psychology was, of all the traditional academic disciplines, the third largest producer of Canadian PhD's. The rapid increase in the number of faculty required to teach so many students has made it possible for departments to develop along a number of lines. The developments in the universities are only one small part of the story of Canadian psychology in the 1960's, but they are particularly significant because of the promise they hold for the discipline in the years ahead. During the present decade improvements in the state of psychology in this nation have been in every respect spectacular. Canadian psychology has come of age. The evidence is all around us. The question now before us is, will this discipline move forward with confidence into maturity? Will it accept full responsibility for itself? Will it control its own destiny? I believe that it can and that it will. The future holds out much promise if we shape it to our advantage. Opportunities to determine our fate are being presented to us now if we will only seize them. The Canadian Psychological Association is the organization which can provide the fulcrum for the efforts that are required. Hence, we must make it the strong representative organization it should be. There are many problems to overcome if we are to do this, but nothing is impossible if we keep our real goals in sight. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Report of the Treasurer: 1978. Growth in membership benefits and APA's net worth.

This Treasurer's Reports provides an overview of the activities of the American Psychological Association in 1978. Prefatory to the fiscal portion of each one of my Treasurer's Reports, I have sought to digest for the membership a significant portion of the Association's activities toward which the members' dollars and other sources of revenues are allocated. Last year, for example, I highlighted APA's publication programs and operations. This year I would like to focus on the Office of Programs and Planning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with different valve substitutes

OBJECTIVE: Stentless biologic aortic valves are less obstructive than stented biologic or mechanical valves. Their superior hemodynamic performances are expected to reflect in better regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. We compared the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in 3 groups of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis. Group I (10 patients) received stentless biologic aortic valves, group II (10 patients) received stented biologic aortic valves, and group III (10 patients) received bileaflet mechanical aortic valves. METHODS: Echocardiographic evaluations were performed before the operation and after 1 year, and the results were compared with those of a control group. Left ventricular diameters and function, left ventricular wall thickness, and left ventricular mass were assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS: Group I patients had a significantly lower maximum and mean transprosthetic gradient than the other valve groups (P = .001). One year after operation there was a significant reduction in left ventricular mass for all patient groups (P < .01), but mass did not reach normal values (P = .05). Although the rate of regression in the interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness differed slightly among groups, their values at follow-up were comparable and still higher than control values (P = .002). The ratio between interventricular septum and posterior wall and the ratio between wall thickness and chamber radius did not change significantly at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Because the number of patients was relatively small, we could not use left ventricular mass regression after I year to distinguish among patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis by means of valve prostheses with different hemodynamic performances.     

Computed tomographic grading is useful in the selection of patients for nonoperative management of blunt injury to the spleen

Although nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury (NMBSI) has an established role in the overall management of adult patients with blunt splenic injury, the criteria by which patients are selected continue to be debated. The purpose of this study is to establish the effectiveness of a defined set of criteria that includes CT grading for the selection of patients for NMBSI by examining the outcomes of patients managed in this manner 1 year before with those 1 year after the implementation of this specific set of selection criteria. All patients hospitalized at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital over the time period April 1994 through July 1996 with blunt splenic injury were included. Patients who died in the Emergency Department were excluded. Patients admitted from April 1994 through April 1995 composed Group I, those treated before the specific selection criteria, whereas those admitted from July 1995 through July 1996 composed Group II, those treated after the implementation of selection criteria. The two groups were compared with respect to demographic parameters, Injury Severity Score, mechanism of injury and length of stay. Outcomes were compared between these two groups. Those patients successfully managed without operation were further compared with those for whom NMBSI was unsuccessful. A total of 57 patients met the criteria for study entry, 28 from Group I and 29 from Group II. There were no significant differences between these two groups with respect to age, sex, mechanism of injury, Injury Severity Score, or length of stay. Nine of 27 in Group I required immediate operation; 19 were initially managed nonoperatively. Four of 19 required delayed laparotomy for bleeding, and all required splenectomy. Between patients successfully managed nonoperatively and those requiring delayed operation, the only significant difference was CT grade (1.47 vs 3.5; P = 0.0001). In Group II, after the implementation of selection criteria that included CT grade, no patient required delayed operation. Eleven underwent immediate operation, whereas 18 were successfully managed nonoperatively. We conclude that, in the hemodynamically stable patient without clinical indication for laparotomy, CT grading of the splenic injury is a reliable criterion by which patients may be selected for nonoperative management.     

"Free Will and Cruelty": Comment.

As one who has been cited in the continuing controversy over "free will" (Budd, 1960; Hartmann, 1961), Nettler clarifies what her paper, "Cruelty, Dignity, and Determinism" (1959) did, and did not, say. The concepts of free will and determinism are briefly discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)