Explorations in ecological psychology.

The "great diversity of coupling between psychologists and psychological phenomena can be divided into 2 types which produce data of crucially different significance for the science of psychology." (1) Psychologists as Transducers—T Data: The psychologist transforms data and in effect is a translating machine. (2) Psychologists as Operators—O Data: The psychologist "achieves control which allows him to focus upon segments and processes of particular concern to him, via data that refer to events which he, in part, contrives." Psychologists "as operators and as transducers are not analogous, and… the data they produce have fundamentally different uses within science. A central problem of our science is the relation between ecological events (the distal stimuli) at the origin of E-O-E [environment-organism-environment] arcs and the succeeding events along these arcs." There "are a number of reasons for avoiding the role of transducer in psychological research… . The skills and personality attributes required of a successful transducer are different from those of a successful operator… . The techniques of the transducer are in many respects more difficult than those of the operator." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The skew in clinical psychology.

"The group studied is the 781 psychologists whose dissertations were listed by Rabin… in his A Bibliography of Doctoral Dissertations in Clinical Psychology… . The entire group produced a total of 2,922 publications during the period studied, with a mean of 3.7 and a median of 1.6. The distribution was extremely skewed with 28.9% of the group having no publications to their credit and another 19.2% having only one publication; 10% of the group accounted for 45% of their output… . In the language of the day, the particular mixture of fact and fantasy which we have here appears to be a highly fissionable one… " (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Clinical psychology and evolutionary psychology: Toward a dialogue.

The growth of evolutionary psychology as a theoretical framework for the study of human behavior has been spectacular. However, evolutionary psychology has been largely ignored by clinical psychology. This article is an attempt to encourage greater dialogue between the two. First, some of the major principles of evolutionary psychology are outlined, followed by consideration of some of the criticisms that have been made of this approach. Second, an attempt is made to trace the influence of evolutionary theory on the history and development of clinical psychology. Third, the authors describe how an evolutionary perspective has enhanced the understanding and study of autism and depression. Finally, some implications of an evolutionary perspective for etiological theory, assessment, treatment, and ethics are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward a focus on positive psychology in school psychology.

Introduces this special issue of School Psychology Quarterly and summarizes the articles contained in this issue. The major purposes of this special issue are twofold. One purpose is to illustrate that some of the various threads of positive psychology research related to children and youth, particularly focusing on the area of positive subjective experience (or subjective well-being: SWB). The second purpose is to underscore the importance of understanding the interrelationships of SWB of children and youth, and their various environmental contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Teaching values and psychology.

"Why do colleges fall short in stimulating students to think in terms of their life values when academicians have so clearly stated such goals for them?" Psychologists in teaching "are concerned verbally with the growth of values in their students; in contrast to this relative clarity there seem to be few specific testable hypotheses concerning the stimulation of the growth of values in students or widespread empirical students on the nature of mature values in our culture. These areas need the same attention from our profession as is given to other current problems such as defense, health, and commerce." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some comments on psychology and psychophysics.

Historically the development of psychophysical procedures was instrumental in fostering the growth of psychology and its emergence as a discipline separate from philosophy. At the present time, while psychophysical studies are still performed extensively, there has been a diminution of interest in them among psychologists and a misunderstanding of them among some other disciplines. The article discusses some of the problems faced by the psychologist engaged in psychophysical research. It is argued that there are two major areas of difficulty that are apparent. The first is the trend away from a psychological framework for psychophysics and the second is ignorance about sensory psychology and the methods it uses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reflections of a pioneering woman in industrial psychology.

Reflections on the life and career development of a woman early in the development of industrial psychology are recorded. The future of psychology in industry, particularly as it relates to women, is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Identifying creative talent in psychology.

The "Creative Talents Awards program was initiated by the American Institute for Research." Its purpose "is to identify and encourage original and creative research efforts among young psychologists through awards based on appraisals of the qualities shown in the preparation of doctoral dissertations." Panel judges (eminent psychologists), indicated that their hardest problem was the formulation of suitable criteria; each dissertation abstract and the dissertations themselves were evaluated on 4 9-point scales. "Louis M. Herman was the top award winner of $1,000." 2 awards of $500 each were made to Sheldon Lee Freud and to James C. Lingoes. 9 persons selected for honorable mention are named. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The image of women in psychology textbooks.

In an analysis of the content of ten recently published textbooks in psychology, the author concludes that most textbooks contain the implication that psychologists are male by using language and illustrations reinforcing this suggestion, and by citing women authors less frequently than their number and eminence would suggest. Experiments and studies reported in psychology textbooks frequently fail to indicate sex of subjects or, alternatively, are based on male samples. The results of such studies are then frequently generalized to both sexes. The image of psychology as presented in textbooks is biased, therefore, toward the study of male behaviour by male psychologists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The crisis in clinical psychology training.

"The directors of university clinical-psychology training programs and state-level psychologists of the 10 northeastern states met in Princeton in June 1962 to consider joint responsibilities, focusing particular attention on the nature of internships. Analysis of fact sheets, completed by both university and state participants prior to the meeting, indicated an acute shortage of doctoral clinical-psychology candidates and of qualified students accepting internships." Suggestions of participants "included (a) expansion of present doctoral training programs, (b) additional training programs including retooling of current masters' programs, (c) and experimental development of professional schools." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Internships in industrial psychology.

"The Executive Committee of the Division of Business and Industrial Psychology (Division 14) formed a committee to investigate… " the nature of training needs which may exist in the transition of psychologists from the academic situation to the situation of practical application. Results of a questionnaire survey relating to the problem are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward a comparative psychology of learning.

"About 90% of our work on animal learning has been done with the rat." Exploratory work with new animals, especially phylogenetically lower animals, is desirable. The mammalian phenomena which confound contemporary SR theory "are less likely to appear in more primitive species… . Broadening the phylogenetic base of our work will facilitate the broadening of our outlook, and perhaps one day we shall be able to approach even the higher forms in the same spirit of discovery." 5 figures are presented, including apparatus diagrams for studying learning in the crab, the fly, and the earthworm. From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2EH04B. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Pakistan psychology.

The background from which psychology is emerging in Pakistan as a separate discipline, its major trends as a continuation of the traditions of Indian psychology are discussed, and lines of research and problems currently being faced by Pakistan psychologists are also indicated. Major sections are: Background of Pakistan Psychology, Current Trends (Psychology Laboratory in Pakistan, Professional Organization, Professional Journals, Recent Trends), and Future Prospects. "With the present rate of growth of psychology, coupled with an unusual enthusiasm among the younger generation of psychologists, there is great hope that Pakistan psychology will soon catch up with the current developments in other countries." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Division of Counseling Psychology, Committee on Definition. Counseling psychology as a specialty.

"Although counseling psychology leaves to other psychologists the major responsibility for treating psychological disasters, the counseling psychologist may be found working in the full range of social settings. He has unique resources, e.g., tests and other methods of psychological evaluation, for helping individuals to achieve harmonious relationships with their environments. He is willing to work directly with other persons and groups with whom his clients must deal outside of the counseling office. His goal is to further the fullest possible self-realization of those who live in a particular social setting." 20 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A NATO symposium on defense psychology.

"The symposium took place on Wednesday to Friday July 27-29, 1960 at the newly opened NATO Building, Porte Dauphine, Paris." The 3-day program is outlined. Participants from the United States included J. P. Guilford, L. Carmichael, M. P. Crawford, and R. B. Cattell. Of 172 registered symposiasts, 74 were from France and 44 from the United States. Strengths and weaknesses of the symposium are discussed. From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2AN20G. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An introduction to clinical psychology.

The student introduced to clinical psychology through this excellent revision of an established text would be well introduced indeed and he should be both impressed and attracted to further study. He certainly could conclude that clinical psychologists are concerned with many things, from myopia to ethics. He should gain assurance of finding a compatible role in the field whether he is attracted most by the opportunity to carry out research or to apply an art in the interest of humanity. He would, of course, be forewarned that the clinical psychologist is expected to burn both ends of the science-service candle, but it will be apparent to him from reading the text that his mentors often burn more brightly at one end than the other. Because of the diligence of the editors and the excellence of the authors, clinical psychology now has an even better introductory text than the good one it has had for the past six years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Historiography of Czech psychology.

The paper is aimed at presenting the development of the Czech historiography of psychology, which was strongly influenced by the political changes in Central and Eastern Europe. The authors deal with the historiography of psychology at the three universities offering an undergraduate program in psychology, located in Prague, Brno, and Olomouc, and at the Institute of Psychology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Recent research, teaching, textbooks, and journal articles published in Czech and in foreign languages are showcased. The historiography of Czech psychotherapy is mentioned as a special thematic development. Contemporary problems and perspectives in the field of the history of psychology in the Czech Republic are discussed, sources of information are given. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Image of industrial psychology among corporate executives.

89 executives attending a 1960 executive seminar of the American Management Association completed a 13 item questionnaire. "Almost twice as many executives stated that they would hire an industrial psychologist as compared with those who would decide against such a decision… . There are many executives still unconvinced that industrial psychology has any real worth at its present stage of development… . The areas of competence in which the industrial psychologist was judged to be most useful were morale, selection and training." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward professional clinical psychology.

"The immediate task confronting clinical psychology is to obtain recognition for its competence. The important thing for clinical psychologists to keep in mind is that we must determine now whether we shall serve a prime or an ancillary role… . If we vigorously and realistically pursue recognition for our competence, our role will be a prime one. Competence, therefore, is our concern, and it is associated with professional status. Many tests of professionalism confront us. The past 2 decades have produced a fantastic increase in the numbers of clinical psychologists who provide psychotherapy and psychodiagnosis in both institutional and private settings." Postdoctoral training institutes, preventive procedures, and brief treatment techniques are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Industrial psychology in the aircraft industry.

"The objectives of the present study were to get an indication of (a) the degree to which industrial psychologists and their activities have been accepted in the aircraft industry and (b) some of the factors related to this acceptance." "A questionnaire was mailed to 160 personnel executives in plants manufacturing products for the aircraft industry." Inferences are drawn regarding evolving trends, and inferences are drawn which "can be generalized to all the plants in the industry." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)