Ego disjunction and psychopathology.

"This study was designed to test the hypothesis that degree of ego disjunction is positively related to degree of psychopathology. A scale based upon the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was devised to measure ego disjunction. College Students, Adolescents, Neurotics, Character Disorders, and Schizophrenics were tested and the following results were found… . a positive relationship between degree of ego disjunction and degree of psychopathology was demonstrated… . scores yielded three significantly different subgroups… . Schizophrenics alone;… Character Disorders, Neurotics and Adolescents;… [and] College Students alone." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An analysis of the Miller Analogies Test for a scientific population.

On 50 subjects "… who are actively engaged in research in an industrial organization… " a correlation of .58 between the Miller Analogies Test and the Full Scale Wechsler-Bellevue was obtained; a correlation of .77 between the Miller Analogies Test and the W-B vocabulary subtest was obtained. Confirmation of these results with a representative graduate school population would suggest "… that a more discriminating vocabulary test than the W-B subtest for graduate school populations might closely approximate the efficiency of the MAT in predicting success in graduate school." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relation of positive and negative sociometric valuations to social and personal adjustment of school children.

For students (N = 250) in seven grade-school classes, the frequency of positive and negative sociometric choices was related to scores on the subtests of the California Test of Personality. Frequency of both positive and negative choices was dichotomized into "few" and "many," and the subtest scores were analyzed in a 2 X 2 factorial design created by the four possible combinations of choices. "Seven of the 12 subsections of the… test… produced evidence to indicate a relationship between one's social position among his peers and some aspect of personality adjustment as measured by this test." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of high intensity noise on retention.

48 male Ss practiced 3 verbal learning tasks under quiet and high intensity sound conditions (111 db. approximately flat to 6000 cps). It was concluded that: "1. Noise of the intensity and frequencies employed in this experiment does not significantly affect the recall of verbal material learned under controlled conditions. 2. The recall of material learned by means of auditory stimulation is not interfered with by noise to a greater extent than the recall of material learned by visual stimulation. 3. According to… subjective reports… the noise stimulus… aroused [disturbing] minimal reactions… . 4. Subjective reports… indicated some initial disturbances… but that adaptation was quickly achieved." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on "Predicting success in elementary accounting."

Hendrix (see 28: 1479) is quoted as concluding that "If a single test is to be utilized in predicting grades in elementary accounting, ACE Psychological Examination and OSU Psychological Test are preferable to the AIA Orientation Test." The author presents six additional comparisons between the ACE Exam and the AIA Test. The correlations between course grades and the ACE ranged from .15 to .28, while the correlations between grades and the AIA ranged from .23 to .43, in each comparison the correlation with the AIA being the greater. "The data… indicate that results do differ from one group to another, and they suggest further that the general trend… tends to favor the Orientation Test… ." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Authoritarianism or acquiescence in Bass's data.

Bass (see 31: 2534) "obtained a correlation of - .20 between the California F scale and an F scale rewritten so that the content of each item reflected a viewpoint opposed to the original (called the G scale). Bass used this correlation in a factor analysis of the F and G scales, placing reliabilities in the diagonals… . However, the notation for the factor matrix… was in terms of F and G, not F and - G. Since the factor loadings… reproduce a correlation of rFG = + .20, the factor matrix labels should read F and - G… . necessitating a reversal in interpretation." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Retention of classroom and television learning.

Comparison of retention three years after instruction was made for four conditions of learning introductory psychology: An off-campus television group (n = 40), a traditional classroom group (n = 22), a TV-in-studio class (n = 11), and a kinescope class (n = 10). The original-test-retention-test differences were not significant, nor was the test x group interaction. "The results… indicate that… long-term retention of… material learned by television… is as good as that learned by traditional means… ." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Test-anxiety and blame-assignment in grade school children.

"… an attempt was made to measure the relationship between test-anxiety in elementary school children and the propensity for self-blame assignment in regard to the experience of failure in a test situation… . The general hypothesis… was that in a failure situation, high test-anxious S's assign blame for a failure to themselves to a greater extent than do non-test-anxious S's… . The overall results… tend to support the hypothesis, but with qualifications that… change the perspective… of test-anxiety and blame assignment." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Personality dynamics and accident proneness in an industrial setting.

"Two groups of Ss… [17 men with a total of 47 accidents over 2 years, and 17 accident-free men] were [compared] by means of a sentence completion test… . the high accident Ss, in comparison with the non-accident Ss, were significantly lower on the socially desirable personality dispositions of optimism, trust, and sociocentricity. In general, there were no statistically significant differences… on several negative personality dispositions, but there was a slight indication of positive association between high accident proneness and high scores on a cluster composed of the socially undesirable personality dispositions of egocentricity, anxiety, and resentment. There was highly significant association between high accident proneness and projective responses indicative of a negative attitude toward employment." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frustration, aggression, and murder.

"… 51 male murderers and their 51 nearest-age brothers were investigated with respect to frustration in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… . The central hypothesis was: There is a significant positive relationship between the amount of frustration experienced by persons in infancy, childhood, and adolescence… and whether or not they later commit murder… . [The results showed that] significantly more murderers than control brothers scored high on the Indices of Physical, Psychological, and General Frustration." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Repeated frustrations and expectations in hostility arousal.

"Two experiments were devised to test predictions developed on the basis of an earlier investigation… . (wherein) it was found that the partner's act had its greatest effect on S's final attitude toward him when it was inconsistent with the partner's earlier behavior… . The… experiment reported here… obtained essentially similar results… (suggesting) that unexpected frustrations produce a stronger aggressive reaction than anticipated frustrations because, as a result of the hypothesized contrast effect, the former probably are evaluated as being more severe." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The attitudes of West Texas College students toward school integration.

Attitudes were assessed by means of the California F Scale and Integration Attitude scale in an attempt to determine the relation of school integration attitudes, authoritarianism, and school classification. "… it may be concluded that there is a generally positive attitude toward integration… thus easing the widely expressed fear… when integration comes." Discrepancy was obtained between student and parental attitudes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Antisemitism and the expression of fantasy aggression.

"In order to test a hypothesis derived from the scapegoat theory of prejudice [Dollard, et al, 1939], two groups… chosen on the basis of… high and… low scores on the Levinson Anti-Semitism Scale, [A-S] were subjected to an aggression arousing situation. Following aggression arousal a specially designed fantasy test was administered, which yielded measures of aggression expressed toward fantasy characters with Jewish or non-Jewish names. Control subjects, matched with Arousal group subjects on… A-S scores, took the fantasy test without prior aggression arousal. Aggression arousal produced significant differences in the fantasy aggression of High and Low A-S subjects… . [supporting] the hypothesis that persons high in anti-Semitism have a greater… tendency… to displace aggression selectively onto Jews." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GD54W. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Matching indices for use in forced-choice scale construction.

"… an attempt to integrate the results of previous studies by analyzing a comprehensive list of appearance scales derived from… the literature and from insights of people making decisions in a forced-choice test situation." 100 items were taken randomly from a larger pool, but later randomly reduced to 40. To 12 appearance scales was added a discrimination index. A correlation matrix, generated from mean item ratings, was factor analyzed to yield 5 factors. "The finding of a general factor, supported by previous studies, brings an element of economy to forced-choice scale construction tending to support the pairing of items on only one appearance index." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some effects of individually prominent behavior upon group effectiveness and member satisfaction.

"An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that in unstructured situations, behavior oriented toward individual prominence in the group is negatively correlated with group performance and positively correlated with member satisfaction… . Twenty-two four-person groups were observed… . Groups were required to solve five problems… . After completion of the problem, Ss rated their satisfaction with the group, the degree to which group members cooperated, and group performance… . It was concluded that in the undifferentiated situation behavior oriented toward individual prominence interferences with effective group action." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some physiological correlates of Rorschach body image productions.

"The relationship between surface characteristics of Rorschach responses and physiological measures was investigated in order to test the hypothesis that the projected perception of one's body is related to the patterning of physiological responses… . Physiological indices related to bodily exterior (muscle potential, skin resistance, cardiovascular peripheral resistance) and bodily interior (pulse rate, stroke volume, cardiac output) physiological responsivity were abstracted… . The results indicate that the tendency to give impermeable or protective characteristics to Rorschach percepts is related to heightened physiological reactivity at an exterior body site and that the absence… is related to the heightened physiological response on interior indices… under stress." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Controlled association scores and engineering success.

"Six different scores from a controlled association test [were] studied, using a… sample of [687] experienced engineers… . The test asks Ss to write, in a limited time, as many synonyms as they can to eight common words. None of the six scores… appears to be related to job placement, but the five… based on the number of common responses given seem to be related to job success… most of the validity coefficients… are well below… 20… . Although not spectacularly high, such a… coefficient… is promising in comparison with over 50 other variables… studied in ETS research on engineering graduate placement tests." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some biographical determiners of participation in group discussion.

To identify biographical factors that would differentiate participants from nonparticipants in a community group discussion, both biographical and discussion data were collected from 324 members of seven groups. "The reliable predictors… were: Socioeconomic status… familiarity with the discussion area… and group affiliation… . A high or positive rating was associated with a tendency to participate in group discussion… . The two factors having the greatest number of significant associations with the remaining [ones] were education and leadership." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)