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1.
"Starting with Fromm's (1941) distinction between rational and inhibitory authority, the study investigates children's attitudes towards their parents' restrictive norms and checking actions… . The results indicate that if parents' restrictive norms and checking actions are accompanied by authoritarian motivations (inhibiting authority), the children's positive attitudes towards these are negatively correlated with chronological age, verbal intelligence… and preference for altruistic alternatives to authoritarian ones… . If the… actions are accompanied by rational motivations (indicating rational parental authority), the attitudes have a tendency to correlate positively with these three independent variables." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4FG15P. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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Male and female college students were compared in regard to their cognitive behavior (Witkin's Embedded Figure Test [see 28: 8566]), and this related to parental identification and acceptance of authority. It was hypothesized that Ss who identify with fathers would also be more field-dependent and demonstrate a low degree of acceptance of authority. The groups were not differentiated on the above characteristics as regards their sex; more women than men in this sample identified with father and vice versa. Acceptance of authority and field-dependence/independence were significantly correlated. The hypotheses were only partially supported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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Objectives: To contrast families headed by parents with disabilities raising children ages 11-17 years with families headed by parents without disabilities. Study Design: There were 3 sources of data: (a) the National Health Institute Survey (National Center for Health Statistics, 2000), (b) a previous national survey (L. T. T. Barker & V. Maralani, 1997), (c) a new national survey of parents with disabilities (n = 273) and their teens (ages 11-17 years; n = 246) and a control group of parents without disabilities (n = 48) and their teens (n = 37). Main Measure: Participants completed a survey designed for this study. Results: Parents with disabilities were generally quite similar to parents without disabilities, with some notable differences, particularly in employment and income. Deaf parents exhibited certain differences from parents with other disabilities. Conclusion: Survey responses provided a snapshot of parents with disabilities and their families from community samples, including aspects in which disabled and nondisabled participants were similar. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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The authors investigated genetic and environmental contributions to the relationships between children's (N = 9,319 twin pairs) prosocial behavior and parental positivity and negativity toward them. Children's prosocial behavior was rated by parents at ages 3, 4, and 7 and by teachers at age 7. At each age, parents described their feelings and discipline toward each twin. Parental positivity was indexed by positive feelings and positive, noncoercive discipline, and parental negativity was indexed by negative feelings and coercive, punitive discipline. Genetics and the environment both contributed to individual differences in prosocial behavior and in parenting. At all ages, parental positivity correlated positively, and parental negativity correlated negatively with prosocial behavior. Genetic factors largely mediated the negative correlation between prosocial behavior and parental negativity. Shared environmental effects contributed mainly to the positive relationship between prosocial behavior and parental positivity. This pattern was found both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The findings point to the importance of children's characteristics and of the parent-child relationship in family processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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There has been relatively little research on the role of grandparents as a source of support for children during and following their parents' marital transitions. In this study, we examined children's contact with and closeness to grandparents in different family types (i.e., two biological parents, single mother, stepparent). Participants included 155 children from the Avon Brothers and Sisters Study. Parent and child interviews and questionnaires regarding the children's relationships with maternal and paternal biological and stepgrandparents were examined. There were family type differences in rates of contact with grandparents as well as children's closeness to grandparents. Furthermore, children's and parents' view about these relationships with grandparents were modestly correlated, suggesting that children often held different views about their closeness to their grandparents than did their parents. Greater closeness to grandparents was associated with fewer adjustment problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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Previous research that the authoritarian personality showed exaggerated concern with sexuality and was not able to integrate attitudes of sexuality and affection. The present research assumed that the authoritarian personality was characterized by rigidity and projection. Reactions to 2 film strips depicting the same woman in 2 different roles: as a sexy woman and as an affectionate person, were correlated with F scale scores. The hypotheses were confirmed. From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2HJ29R. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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Good and poor premorbid schizophrenics, as well as normal controls, rated words and photographs representing parental punishment, rejection, love, and affection with the semantic differential. The poor premorbid group rated the scolding and rejecting parents significantly more potent and active than did the normals. In contrast to normals, the poor premorbids tended not to discriminate between the scolding and rejecting parents and they also made the least distinction between positively and negatively toned parent-figures on the potency and activity factors. All groups made comparable ratings of the son in each scene. Although previous studies had reported systematic differences between good and poor premorbid schizophrenics in response to mother and father cues, the present investigation failed to find such differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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This study compared 3 groups of women--outpatient depressed, inpatient depressed, and community control--and their husbands on a range of variables including marital functioning and styles of coping with conflict. Outpatient depressed couples reported greater marital distress and more destructive and less constructive tactics for resolving conflict than did community control couples. They also were more likely to have been previously married and to express regrets about having married their current husbands. There were smaller and less consistent differences for couples with inpatient depressed spouses, although inpatient couples with younger wives were similar to outpatient depressed couples. Both groups of depressed women and their husbands reported fewer expressions of affection and more complaints about the marriage than did control couples. Results are discussed in terms of interpersonal perspectives on depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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24 scales of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument were administered to 100 student nurses. A centroid factor analysis of the scales revealed 5 relatively independent factors: suppression and interpersonal distance, hostile rejection of the homemaking role, excessive demand for striving, over-possessiveness, and hostile punitive control. Similarity of these factors to behavior and attitudes of parents of emotionally disturbed children and to factors isolated from the Fels Parent Behavior Scales was noted. This measuring instrument may permit prediction of different patterns of mother-child interaction. 19 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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This review summarizes the research literature on the academic socialization of children within the family context. A conceptual model is introduced that describes the process of academic socialization, including parental experiences in school, parental school-related cognitions, and specific parenting behaviors. Parental attitudes and practices provide the foundation for children's development of schemas about school performance and thus are critical determinants of children's early school experiences. In addition, recent efforts to understand the role of transition practices aimed at facilitating children's early adjustment in school are described. The present review extends the transition practices literature by providing a developmental perspective on parenting influences on children's academic socialization, within an ecological systems perspective. The authors describe academic socialization as a process that occurs under the broad umbrella of socioeconomic and cultural contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

13.
To determine the significant aspects of family background as perceived by schizophrenics, Ss were asked to think back to the time when they were 13 or 14 and answer a questionnaire on child rearing practices as they were conceived to be reflected in the attitudes of their parents at that time. The responses of schizophrenics with good and poor premorbid backgrounds were compared with each other and to GMS patients. The results indicate that there was a significant and direct relationship between level of adjustment and degree of deviance in postulated parental attitudes. Parents, in general, are perceived to be dominating rather than overprotective or rejecting. Normals and schizophrenics differ significantly in describing familial attitudes, although all seem to perceive father as dominant, mother as over-protective. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4JQ76G. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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Various versions of legitimacy theory predict that a duty and obligation to obey legitimate authorities generally trumps people’s personal moral and religious values. However, most research has assumed rather than measured the degree to which people have a moral or religious stake in the situations studied. This study tested compliance with and reactions to legitimate authorities in the context of a natural experiment that tracked public opinion before and after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a case that challenged states’ rights to legalize physician-assisted suicide. Results indicated that citizens’ degree of moral conviction about the issue of physician-assisted suicide predicted post-ruling perceptions of outcome fairness, decision acceptance, and changes in perceptions of the Court’s legitimacy from pre- to post-ruling. Other results revealed that the effects of religious conviction independently predicted outcome fairness and decision acceptance but not perceptions of post-ruling legitimacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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A picture projective test designed to measure attitudes toward authority incorporating two levels each of three variables, male and female authority figures, high and low power authority figures, and high and low threat situations, was administered to 20 delinquent and 20 non-delinquent boys of age 10-12. The hypothesis that there are differences in attitudes of delinquents and non-delinquents toward authority was not supported. Results indicated significantly greater expressed hostility of both groups toward female authority figures than to male authority figures. Responses to different levels of threat and power varied significantly from individual to individual. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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Fox and his colleagues (May–June 2009) listed three occurrences beginning in the 1980s that have dampened psychologists’ desires to procure the right to prescribe psychotropic medications. That research review highlighted the fact that antidepressants produce a very modest effect at best when compared with placebos. I briefly summarize here some of the important findings that emerged from our original survey and two more recent reviews (Greenberg & Davis Goldman, 2009; Greenberg & Fisher, 1997). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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2 approaches to the conceptualization and measurement of parental identification were studied in relation to self-conceptualization and social adjustment in preadolescents. Disguised, objective measures of identification, parental attitudes, and personality characteristics of children were derived from responses of 43 children and their parents on a questionnaire designed to control social desirability and other response sets. Results indicated that a dualistic conception of identification, distinguishing between threat based and support based types of identification, was related to child personality measures, while the extent of identification was not. Children identifying with supporting parents were consistently more self-accepting, less dependent upon current social relationships, and more accepted by peers. Predicted interrelationships among child personality measures were also confirmed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

18.
This research investigated the factors that influence decisions about immunizations. Women in the third trimester of pregnancy (N=195) rated their likelihood of immunizing their child; stated their reasons for and against immunizing; and rated their perceptions of the benefits and risks of immunization, feelings of responsibility, and anticipated regret if harm occurred. Immunization status was determined at follow-up. Stepwise regression analyses demonstrated that immunization decisions are strongly influenced by omission bias factors such as anticipated responsibility and regret variance (which explained more than 50% of variance). It is suggested that parents may benefit from antenatal decision aids that address omission bias and encourage them to assess benefits and risks of immunizations on the basis of scientific evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

19.
The present study used perspectives from the general literature on college alcohol consumption to examine mediational influences of peer, environmental, and parental variables on heavy drinking for student athlete and nonathlete samples. Eight hundred thirty-five freshmen who differed in organized sports involvement were compared on heavy drinking outcomes, peer norms, environmental influences, and parental communication. College athletes reported significantly more heavy drinking experiences than nonathletes. Peer norms, environmental influences, and parental communication were all significant mediators of the athlete-heavy drinking relationship. Athletes reported a higher perception of peer drinking, peer approval of drinking, higher alcohol availability, and direct drink offers, which, in turn, were related to higher rates of heavy drinking. Parental communication mediated the athlete-heavy drinking relationship differently, depending on the specific topic of conversation. Discussion surrounding the importance of incorporating a variety of interventions aimed at reducing collegiate athlete drinking on the basis of the peer, environmental, and parental influences observed in the present analyses are presented. Limitations and directions for future research are also noted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

20.
Social influences on smoking uptake were examined in latent growth curve analyses of data from 1,320 youths assessed 5 times during 6th to 9th grade. Initial smoking stage predicted increases in number of friends who smoked, indicating selection; however, initial number of friends who smoked did not predict smoking stage progression, indicating no significant effect of socialization. Associations over time among smoking stage progression, affiliation with friends who smoke, and parenting behaviors were significant, suggesting dynamic, reciprocal relationships. Parental involvement, monitoring, and expectations provided direct protective effects against smoking progression as well as indirect effects, by limiting increases in number of friends who smoke. These results are consistent with the peer selection hypothesis, confirm the powerful association over time of social influences with smoking, and provide the first evidence that parenting behavior may protect against smoking progression by limiting increases in number of friends who smoke. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

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