利用无膜微生物燃料电池废水处理并回收电能

An upflow mode membrane-less microbial fuel cell （ML-MFC） was designed for wastewater treatment. Granular graphite electrodes, which are flexible in size, were adopted in the ML-MFC. Microbes present in anaerobic activated sludge were used as the biocatalyst and artificial wastewater was tested as substrate. During the electrochemically active microbe enrichment stage, a stable power output of 536 mW.m-3 with reference to the anode volume was generated by the ML-MFC running in batch mode. The voltage output decreased from 203 mV to about 190 mV after the ML-MFC was changed from batch mode to normally continuous mode, indicating that planktonic electrochemically active bacterial strains in the ML-MFC may be carried away along with the effluent. Cyclic voltammograms showed that the attached microbes possessed higher bioelectrochemical activity than the planktonic microbes. Forced aeration to the cathode benefited the electricity generation obviously. Higher feeding rate and longer electrode distance both increased the electricity generation. The coulombic yield was not more than 20% throughout the study, which is lower than that of MFCs with membrane. It is proposed that dissolved oxygen diffused from the cathode to the anode may consume part of the substrate.     

Development of microbial fuel cell with anoxic/oxic design for treatment of saline seafood wastewater and biological electricity generation

BACKGROUND: Sustainable technologies need to be developed to treat saline seafood wastewater (SSW) efficiently. This study focused on the feasibility of a continuously operated microbial fuel cell (MFC) with modified anoxic/oxic (A/O) architecture (A/O–MFC) for power generation and treatment of SSW simultaneously. RESULTS: Hydraulic retention time (HRT) was shown to have an impact on polarization and power output of the A/O–MFC and the maximum power density of 16.2 W m^?3 was obtained at a current density of 41.7 A m^?3 and HRT of 4.2 h. High salinity together with advective flow mode enabled a low and constant internal resistance of approximately 100 Ω throughout the experiments. Besides, pH of waste stream in both compartments was found always near neutral level. Increasing HRT could improve eliminability of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and biological nitrification. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a proof‐in‐concept demonstration to utilize an MFC for effective and sustainable treatment of SSW along with recovery of electrical energy. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物燃料电池与人工湿地耦合系统研究进展

将微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell, MFC)与人工湿地(constructed wetland, CW)相结合是近几年来出现的一种新型产能及废水净化工艺。在综述CW-MFC耦合系统产电机理及其发展的基础上进一步分析讨论了当前研究中影响系统性能的组成要素(植物、微生物、电极及分隔材料)和运行参数(碳源、氧化还原电位及水力停留时间)两个方面,最后总结了当前尚未解决的关键问题,对今后耦合系统的潜在应用进行了展望。     

Electricity generation with simultaneous wastewater treatment by a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with Cu and Cu–Au electrodes

Background: A microbial fuel cell (MFC) consisting of anaerobic and aerobic chambers separated by a salt‐agar slab was used for electricity generation with simultaneous wastewater treatment where copper and gold covered copper wires were used as anode and cathode, respectively. The electrons produced from degradation of carbohydrates in anaerobic chamber traveled through the copper wire generating electricity and the protons were transferred from cathode to anode through the salt‐agar slab. Variation of the current intensity (mA) and the electrical power (mW) were investigated as function of the surface area of anode and also the chemical oxygen demand (COD) content of the synthetic wastewater. Results: The generated power density (mW m^?2) increased with increasing surface area of the electrodes and also with the COD content of the wastewater. Both the current intensity (mA) and the power generated (mW) increased with time and reached maximum levels at the end of batch operation. More than 80% COD removal was achieved in the aerobic chamber with an electricity generation of 2.9 mW m^?2 when the initial COD content was 6000 mg l^?1. Conclusion: The MFC configuration and the use of Cu and Cu‐Au electrodes instead of graphite were proven to be effective for electricity generation with simultaneous wastewater treatment. The electrical current (0.24 mA) and power (2.9 mW m^?2) obtained in our microbial fuel cell are comparable with the literature studies utilizing salt bridge. The microbial fuel cell developed in this study can be improved further to yield higher power generations by modifications. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物燃料电池处理丙酮和氨氮废水及同步产电性能研究

本研究利用阴离子交换膜作为分隔膜构建了生物阴极微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cell, MFC），通过硝化反硝化过程去除氨氮、降解丙酮同时产电。实验探究了不同丙酮浓度（50 mg/L、100 mg/L、300 mg/L、500 mg/L、700 mg/L）对MFC产电及氨氮（200 mg/L）的去除效果。结果表明，在选定的丙酮浓度范围内，丙酮的去除率均高达96%以上；当丙酮浓度高于300 mg/L时，氨氮的去除开始受到抑制，氨氮最高去除率为73.7%，且丙酮浓度为300 mg/L时，对应的MFC的产电性能最佳，最高输出功率密度可达49.7 mW/m2。高通量测序技术分析了阳极及阴极微生物群落结构，从门级分类上看，阳极中的优势微生物群落主要为变形菌，拟杆菌门及厚壁菌门；阴极上的优势微生物群落为拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门及酸杆菌门。从属级分类上看，阳极主要的优势菌种为Comamonas, Acetoanaerobium，Stenotrophomonas。阴极主要的优势菌种为Rhodococcus，Aridibacter, Thauera，Ignavibacterium。     

不同运行方式对多阳极型微生物燃料电池反硝化及产电性能的影响

利用多阳极型微生物燃料电池（multi-anode microbial fuel cell,MA-MFC）实现生物阴极反硝化过程,分别考察了阴极和多阳极之间不同连接方式、开路或闭路状态、阴极是否存在碳源以及电阻值的大小对MA-MFC的产电性能及反硝化过程的影响。当MA-MFC的阴极存在碳源时,闭路状态下15天内的硝酸盐氮去除率为64.35%,明显高于开路状态下同样时间内的硝酸盐氮去除率（45.89%）。当MA-MFC的阴极不存在碳源时,闭路状态下15天内的硝酸盐氮去除率为17.49%,而开路状态下的硝酸盐氮浓度没有变化。此外,MA-MFC采用并联方式运行时的产电性能和硝酸盐氮去除速率比采用串联方式运行时大幅提高。而在外电阻为100Ω时,MA-MFC在串联或并联状态下均能够达到最高的硝酸盐氮去除率及较高的产电性能。综合上述条件,发现当MA-MFC处于闭路状态、采用并联方式运行、阴极无碳源以及外电阻为100Ω时,能够实现最佳的硝酸盐氮去除率和最大输出功率,分别为94.21%、2.07W/m³。     

微生物燃料电池耦合型废水处理反应器研究进展

随着生物电化学技术研究的发展,多种应用于废水处理的新型微生物燃料电池(MFC)耦合反应器不断出现,在污染物降解和能量回收中展现了多种优势。重点综述了近年来报道的典型的MFC耦合型废水处理反应器,并对其耦合机理、运行效果及存在的问题进行了比较分析,以期为生物电化学耦合型废水处理反应器的进一步优化和发展提供参考。     

利用生物活性炭提高微生物燃料电池产电性能

通过比较三组微生物燃料电池（MFC）的产电性能,考察使用生物活性炭（BAC）对提高MFC产电性能所起的作用。它们分别是：在阳极室内未投加活性炭的、投加了柱状活性炭的和投加了小颗粒活性炭的3种MFC。投加时机是在电池启动阶段,此时微生物在活性炭上驯化出生物膜,即形成生物活性炭,目的是辅助阳极富集更多微生物。结果表明,投加了小颗粒活性炭的MFC在产电性能和污水处理上具有优势。该电池最大容积功率密度达到1540 mW/m³ ,COD去除率达到了88%。     

微生物燃料电池在废水处理中的研究进展

随着全球工业化进程加快,水污染和能源短缺问题日益严重。微生物燃料电池（MFC）作为一种新型微生物电化学工艺,可以在降解有机物的同时产电,具有清洁、节能、经济等优势,引起人们的广泛关注,成为水处理领域的研究前沿。本文首先介绍了MFC原理和电子传递机制,分析影响其处理性能的关键因素（阳极材料、阴极材料、接种微生物、反应器构型和系统运行参数）;然后回顾了近年来MFC在废水（生活废水、农业废水和工业废水）处理领域的应用,并拓展性地阐述了MFC与其他技术（电芬顿、光催化、人工湿地系统和微生物电解池）的耦合应用;最后指出MFC存在的问题,并提出未来可行的发展方向,包括深度挖掘机理、优化接种微生物种群、改进装置材料与构型、改善进水模式与运行参数和研究新的耦合系统等。     

电极改性强化微生物燃料电池产电同步降解有机污染物研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种利用微生物作为催化剂就能实现同步产电及降解有机污染物的绿色能源装置.电极作为MFC的重要组成部分,在提高污染物降解及产电能力方面发挥着至关重要的作用.介绍了MFC电极,主要包括碳基/合成材料修饰电极、导电聚合物/复合物修饰电极、金属/金属氧化物修饰电极及其他材料修饰电极及其最新研究进展,对...     

不同温度下微生物燃料电池的运行特性

实验采用双室型微生物燃料电池（MFC）,以生活废水中厌氧菌作为生物催化剂,葡萄糖为燃料,通过5个不同温度条件下的间歇运行,应用循环伏安、交流阻抗、极化测试等电化学方法考察温度对电池产电性能的影响。结果表明,一定温度范围内,提高温度有助于增强微生物的电化学活性,降低传荷阻抗,提高电池输出功率密度和交换电流密度。32 ℃时,电池产电效能最佳,电池功率密度和交换电流密度分别达到156.2 mW/m2和8.02×10?5 mA/m2,温度太低或太高均不利于细菌的电化学活性。体系温度为18 ℃、25 ℃、32 ℃、39 ℃、46 ℃时,传荷阻抗Rct在阳极内阻中占的比例分别为97.99%、84.02%、47.36%、91.30%、99.61%,说明传荷阻抗在阳极内阻中占绝对份额,MFC是传荷过程控制下的电化学反应体系。     

微生物燃料电池处理偶氮含盐废水的产电性能和降解过程

偶氮含盐废水生化处理流程复杂、电耗高,且降解机理尚不明确。本研究基于酸性重铬酸钾法水热处理获取改性阳极,进而构建微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell,MFC）对偶氮含盐废水进行处理。考察了不同二价阴离子对MFC产电性能和降解有机物效果的影响,并探究了MFC对直接红13的降解机理。结果表明,偶氮含盐废水中含有硫酸钠时的产电性能高于含有碳酸钠的情况,MFC最大功率密度为265.38mW/m²、最大电流密度为1.10A/m²;MFC处理偶氮含盐废水时,对直接红13的去除率低于无额外添加盐时的效果（71.13%）,对葡萄糖共基质的降解影响程度为：添加硫酸钠>添加碳酸钠>无额外添加盐。微生物群落和降解产物分析表明,MFC阳极生物膜通过变形菌门、拟杆菌门等微生物的协同作用实现了对直接红13的生物电化学降解,产电下降解产物以还原产物芳香胺为主。     

MFC处理低浓度焦化废水的试验研究

使用单室空气阴极微生物电池处理焦化废水,以电压、电流密度、功率密度、COD去除率、p H为考察指标,分别用铂、四氧化三铁、二氧化锰作阴极,对比其去除效率和产电能力。实验结果表明,铂阴极的产电能力和废水处理效果最好,开路电压最大值达到521.469 m V。当电流密度为2.4 A/m2时功率密度达到最大值0.195 W/m2,COD去除率为82.9%;二氧化锰阴极MFC效果次之,四氧化三铁阴极MFC的效果最差。     

微生物燃料电池及其应用研究进展

简单叙述了微生物燃料电池(MFC)的基本结构及运行原理,从MFC的阳极微生物、阴极结构等方面介绍了MFC的发展现状和研究重点,分析了MFC在替代能源、生物传感器和开发新型水处理工艺等方面的应用前景,指出进一步的研究重点应放在改善电极电化学性能、提高电池输出功率密度和降低电池成本等方面。     

High power generation with simultaneous COD removal using a circulating column microbial fuel cell

BACKGROUND: A circulating column microbial fuel cell (MFC) with Cu anode and Au? Cu air cathode was used for power generation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from synthetic wastewater. The column was operated in repeated‐fed batch mode using acclimated anaerobic sludge. The contents of the column MFC were circulated while the feed wastewater was fed to the reactor in fed‐batch mode. Effects of feed COD concentration and COD loading rate on voltage difference, power density and percentage COD removal were investigated. RESULTS: The highest voltage difference (650 mV), power density (40 W m^?2) were obtained with a feed COD of 6400 mg L^?1, yielding 45% COD removal with a COD loading rate of nearly 90 mg h^?1. Low COD loadings (<90 mg h^?1) caused substrate limitations, and high loadings (>90 mg h^?1) resulted in inhibition of COD removal and power generation. The highest percentage COD removal (50%) was obtained with feed COD content of 10.35 g L^?1 or a COD loading rate of 145 mg h^?1. CONCLUSION: The power densities obtained with the circulating column MFC were considerably higher than those reported in the literature due to elimination of mass transfer limitations by the high circulation rates, proximity of electrodes and small anode surface area used in this study. Further improvements may be possible with optimization of the operating parameters. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

A microbial fuel cell–electro‐oxidation system for coking wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation

BACKGROUND: Coking wastewater is generated from coal coking, coal gas purification, and by‐product recovery processes. Increased interest is being focused on finding more sustainably effective and energy‐efficient methods for treating this wastewater. In this work, a system termed microbial fuel cell‐electro‐oxidation (MFC‐EO) was developed for simultaneous coking wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation. RESULTS: Raw coking wastewater was first treated using MFCs. Power production, removal of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and total nitrogen (TN) reached 538 ± 9 mW m^?2, 52 ± 1% and 50 ± 1%, respectively. Wastewater strength and phosphate addition were evaluated for the enhancement of power production and treatment efficiency. At the EO stage, the effect of current density and chloride concentration on pollutant abatement, current efficiency (CE_EO) and energy consumption (EC_EO) were investigated. The overall removal of TCOD and TN was 82 ± 1% and 68 ± 1%, respectively using the MFC‐EO process. CONCLUSIONS: A MFC‐EO process was developed for the first time for simultaneous bioelectricity generation and coking wastewater treatment. This study attempted to combine MFCs with a conventional EO process for coking wastewater treatment. Further strategies need to be investigated to optimize reactor configuration using low‐cost and highly efficient electrode materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物燃料电池处理高盐废水的研究进展

高盐废水通常采用生化、蒸发和膜处理3种方法处理,但无论采用何种方法,高盐废水处理均存在难度大和成本高等问题。微生物燃料电池（MFC）是一种基于产电微生物催化氧化有机物获得电能的装置,应用MFC处理废水可实现在处理废水的同时回收废水中能量,从而降低废水处理成本。近年来,应用MFC处理高盐废水来降低处理成本的研究逐渐开展并成为一个研究热点。本文综述了MFC处理高盐废水研究的最新进展,分析了盐度对MFC产电、污染物脱除、微生物生长和群落的影响,基于耐盐微生物、生物膜、反应器结构及扩展应用等方面提出未来MFC处理高盐废水的研究方向。     

Production of electricity from the treatment of continuous brewery wastewater using a microbial fuel cell

A single air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed, carbon fiber was used as anode and continuous brewery wastewater as substrate. The MFC displayed a maximum power of 24.1 W m⁻³ (669 mW m⁻²) and an internal resistance of 23.3 Ω running on raw wastewater (chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 1501 mg L⁻¹). The effect of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) addition and substrate concentration of wastewater on the performance of MFC was demonstrated. Data showed that both PBS addition and increase of substrate concentration had a favorable effect on the electrochemical performance and substrate removal efficiency of the MFC. However, it can be concluded from the polarization curve that MFC operated under raw brewery wastewater had a relatively low internal resistance, which resulted in a favorable performance of the MFC compared with other MFCs using raw wastewater. Thus it is feasible and sustainable in nature because of the utilization of raw wastewater as substrate for in situ power generation apart from treatment.     

Biocatalytic electrode improvement strategies in microbial fuel cell systems

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) produce electricity as a result of the microbial metabolism of organic substrates, hence they represent a sustainable approach for energy production and waste treatment. If the technology is to be implemented in industry, low cost and sustainable bioelectrodes must be developed to increase power output, increase waste treatment capacity, and improve service intervals. Although the current application of abiotic electrode catalysts, such as platinum and electrode binders such as Nafion leads to greater MFC performance, their use is cost prohibitive. Novel bioelectrodes which use cost effective and sustainable materials are being developed. These electrodes are developed with the intention to reduce start-up time, reduce costs, extend life-span and improve core MFC performance metrics (i.e. power density, current density, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and Coulombic efficiency (CE)). Comparison of different MFC systems is not an easy task. This is due to variations in MFC design, construction, operation, and different inocula (in the case of mixed-culture MFCs). This high intra-system variability should be considered when assessing MFC data, operation and performance. This review article examines the major issues surrounding bioanode and biocathode improvement in different MFC systems, with the ultimate goal of streamlining and standardising improvement processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry