Framework for network survivability performance

The article is based on the results of ANSI Technical Subcommittee T1A1 activities in the area of a general framework for telecommunication network survivability performance. The issues of users' expectations and requirements, outage categorization, and a framework for analysis of survivability techniques are discussed. Based on the survivability framework, models for network survivability assessment and analysis are considered, and performance measures are described. Examples illustrate the application of this framework in network design and planning     

Architectures for ATM network survivability

This article surveys the restoration architectures for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network survivability that have been actively studied in this decade. Network reliability is critical for recent and future networks that will advance the information era. Moreover, it is one of the biggest factors in designing and managing networks. Since the early telecom network era, many restoration systems have been developed for plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH), synchronous optical network (SONET), leased lines and so on; and they were surveyed in many papers and books. This article focuses on new restoration techniques for ATM networks. First, the requirement studies are introduced. This includes the scant results published on the influence of failure and the state of failure analysis. Next, restoration schemes are categorized and briefly introduced. Examples include centralized control, automatic protection switch (APS), self-healing ring (SHR), self-healing network (SHN) and failure resistant virtual path (FRVP). In order to achieve adequate restoration probability with minimum cost, a network design scheme is necessary; thus, network design issues are introduced. Finally, this article focuses on the issues, future work, and problems that remain to be solved.     

Fiber network survivability

At the transport layer in interoffice and interexchange networks, shared protection rings (SPRINGS) interconnected at matched nodes can provide 100% restoration in milliseconds after cable cuts and central office failures. The author introduces the SPRING and explains how its capacity advantage over other ring configurations enables it to be the most economical solution in more applications. Transport restoration technologies-1+1 diversity, digital crossconnect systems, and SPRINGS-in interoffice and interexchange environments are compared. A representative network study is presented to justify the choice of SPRINGs and matched nodes for the target architecture. Recommendations on how to evolve today's asynchronous networks in preparation for a fully survivable SONET ring-based network are also provided. Generic ring planning guidelines and network examples are presented to demonstrate how today's networks can be evolved to provide end-to-end survivable SONET transport. An approach to ring-based network design that simplifies the planning process and minimizes network cost is provided     

基于RPR的高生存性网络

弹性分组环(RPR)技术定义了一种新型的媒体接入控制(MAC)层协议,采用了共享介质传输和空间复用协议以及低于50 ms的故障恢复保护的弹性机制,支持服务等级协定(SLA,Service Level Agreement),即插即用,基于MAC的高速交换,可承载具有突发性的IP业务,同时支持传统的语音传送,是未来城域网技术的重要发展方向.光纤技术的飞速发展使得RPR不再仅仅局限于城域网,还可以用于广域网.文章在基于RPR的低于50 ms的故障恢复保护的基础上,提出了具有高生存性的解决方案.     

A framework for characterizing disaster-based network survivability

This paper formulates a general framework that includes and extends the existing definitions for network survivability. Based on this framework, network survivability is characterized by a survivability function rather than a single-value survivability measure, and various quantities of interest can be derived from the function. Examples are the expected survivability, the worst-case survivability, the r-percentile survivability, and the probability of zero survivability. The survivability function is especially useful for the study of large-scale disasters. For illustration, the authors derive the survivability function in closed form for a simple ring network under link failures. They also discuss the general procedure for finding survivability functions for complex networks, and show that the survivability function reveals useful information about a network. This framework provides a unified and practical approach to analyzing and designing highly survivable communications networks     

Emerging technologies for software radio

Multimode, multiband transceivers were once seen as a desirable but unachievable goal, particularly when considering small, battery-powered terminals. There are, however, significant market-pulls requiring just such a device and dual-mode systems (albeit with largely separate hardware) are now a reality. The next revolution will be the production of so-called flexible architecture terminals, in which the same hardware is used for all modulation formats and bands, with the internal software determining the mode to be utilised. Considerable research is being directed toward this goal worldwide, and practical results are beginning to appear which indicate that the unachievable may soon become a reality     

Loop-network configuration and single-mode optical fiber cable technologies for subscriber network

This paper will discuss optical fiber cable distribution networks for accomodating the immediate introduction of optical subscriber networks. The concepts of cable distribution system design, the maintenance systems and the cables and jointing technology for supporting these systems will be discussed. The results of experiments using related technology will also be discussed.     

Architectures for ATM network survivability and their fielddeployment

Future networks must offer extremely high levels of reliability because information has become critical to the continued well-being of society. This article shows the approaches to the survivable ATM network. The reliability requirements of future networks are discussed first. Development results of three typical restoration architectures (automatic protection switch (APS), self-healing network (SHN), and failure-resistant virtual path (FRVP)) for ATM networks are then shown. Next, we describe current progress in standardization activities. They also discuss open issues that must be resolved in future studies     

高生存性光接入网结构分析

从网络结构方面对光接入网生存性进行了研究,在对各种网络接入结构生存性初期分析的基础上,利用共享链路组(SRLG)的概念定量分析了各种接入拓扑结构的网络生存性,表明了星型环接入网结构在网络生存性方面较现行各种网络结构的优越性;提出了改进的网络生存率计算算法,利用分层计算和等价归并结合的方式,减少了计算量,提高了计算效率,尤其在总故障数目多的情况下可以大大减少计算时间,快速计算网络生存率.     

The evolution of transport network survivability

The bandwidth explosion ushered in by the popularity of the Internet has spurred the acceleration in the development and deployment of equipment supporting packet-based services. This-coupled with the widespread deployment of dense wavelength-division multiplexed systems in the core transport network to satisfy the corresponding increase in capacity demand-has led network planners to reconsider traditional approaches to network survivability. Existing architectures for transport network survivability were developed based on a ubiquitous circuit-switched/TDM network paradigm. As tariffed services increasingly migrate from circuit-switched/TDM to packet-switched/DWDM networks, survivability architectures must also evolve to meet the service requirements of this “new” packet-switched/DWDM network paradigm. We begin with an overview of existing strategies for providing transport network survivability, followed by an analysis of how the architectures for network survivability may evolve to satisfy the requirements of emerging networks     

Strategies and technologies for planning a cost-effectivesurvivable fiber network architecture using optical switches

A 1:1 diverse routing protection switching architecture using optical protection switches to reduce costs for providing 1:1 (i.e. 100%) protection against fiber cable cuts is proposed. A cost analysis model is used to evaluate cost/survivability merits for 1:1 optical diverse protection architectures. Results show that the best place to deploy the 1:1 photonic diverse protection architecture in future networks is in spans carrying large DS3 demands, which are usually interhub spans. The proposed architecture can be implemented using electronically controlled low-speed single-mode fiber mechanical optical switches as protection switches to meet current performance and availability requirements     

一种高生存性的光接入网结构

提出了一种新的双环加星型环的高生存性光接入网拓扑结构,并和现行各种光接入网拓扑结构的生存性进行了定量比较.在多故障情况下,具有比现行各种光接入网结构更高的生存率.随着故障数目的增加,其网络生存率均值下降缓慢,当故障数为6时,依然可以保持99.997%的高生存率均值,大大好于现行光接入网结构,说明该接入网结构能更好地满足用户对下一代光接入网生存性的要求.     

光网逻辑层的生存性技术(本期优秀论文)

提出了生存性技术的基本分类原则和光网络生存性的分层视图,在此范畴内,分析比较了包括纯链路、纯路径、Meta-Mesh、p-cycles、SBPP、SLSP在内的逻辑层生存性技术,最后总结出逻辑层生存性技术所具有的灵活性和容量利用高效率的特征.     

通信网络拓扑抗毁性评估算法研究

首先论述了当前主要网络拓扑抗毁性评估技术,然后根据实际工程应用需求,提出了一种新的通信网络拓扑抗毁性评估模型与算法,同时用计算机对模型和算法进行了仿真验证。该算法能求出通信网络拓扑图中各节点抗毁性度量值以及这些度量值的均方差,且把节点抗毁性度量值均方差作为整个网络拓扑的抗毁性量度。计算机仿真结果表明,利用该模型算法可以发现拓扑图中关键节点,同时度量值均方差可以准确评估给定连通网络拓扑图的抗毁性能。     

两种网络安全管理系统的生存性定量分析方法

虽然通信网络生存性分析技术已经发展多年,但对大量的通信网络之上的各种分布式应用系统,如网络安全管理系统(NSMS)的生存性评估技术尚无有效的方法。本文提出两种评估NSMS生存性的方法。第一种方法建立基于数据流的图模型,通过图的连通性计算生存性。第二种方法建立基于数据流的过程模型,通过Monte Carlo实验数据的统计估算生存性。我们的经验表明:随着网格技术的发展,第二种方法用于复杂系统的生存性定量分析是可行的。     

高生存性RPR网络数据传输实现

单环的RPR网络虽具有很多优点,但是其生存性不高.在此提出一种高生存性的RPR网络结构,为实现这种网络结构,我们对RPR标准帧格式中的R/P位进行了扩展定义,用计算机对最简单的高生存性RPR网络进行了仿真,成功地实现了跨环的数据传输.     

Emerging mobile WiMax antenna technologies

This paper provides an overview of the emerging antenna features that are the technologies for inclusion in the initial release of Mobile WiMax, and examines the various application areas of these techniques as well as the advantages and limitations each are likely to possess     

Methods and models for computing survivability and fault-tolerance of a network

this paper presents methods for computing network survivability indexes under multiple external (adverse) effect which causes a network gradual structur al degradation. A multiple external effect (MEE) is a discrete flow of separate actions. Probabilistic models for MEE with difference strategies and ranges of actions are presented. In particular, if MEE is a flow of local (point) actions, each of which disables exactly one element of network and destroyed elements are excluded from ranges of following actions, then proposed indexes may be used for the evaluation of network fault-tolerance.