考虑微网源荷不确定性的旋转备用容量优化

电力市场环境下,为应对微网源荷波动和可控机组随机故障,提升其供电可靠性,提出了一种考虑微网源荷不确定性的旋转备用容量优化方法。计及日前预测误差,采用序列理论对源荷随机概率性序列以及可控机组随机故障序列进行离散化处理,生成微网综合不确定性离散分布模型;在此基础上,以微网运行成本、备用成本和停电损失的总成本最小为目标函数,建立旋转备用容量优化模型,并结合蒙特卡罗与粒子群算法对该模型进行求解,获得各时段的旋转备用优化配置容量。以某地微网系统为例,仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和合理性。     

Multi-area Environmental Economic Dispatch with Reserve Constraints Using Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, the multi-area environmental economic dispatch (MAEED) problem with reserve constraints is solved by proposing an enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) method. The objective of MAEED problem is to determine the optimal generating schedule of thermal units and inter-area power transactions in such a way that total fuel cost and emission are simultaneously optimized while satisfying tie-line, reserve, and other operational constraints. The spinning reserve requirements for reserve-sharing provisions are investigated by considering contingency and pooling spinning reserves. The control equation of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is modified by improving the cognitive component of the particle's velocity using a new concept of a preceding experience. In addition, the operators of PSO are dynamically controlled to maintain a better balance between cognitive and social behavior of the swarm. The effectiveness of the proposed EPSO has been investigated on four areas, 16 generators and four areas, 40 generators test systems. The application results show that EPSO is very promising to solve the MAEED problem.     

粒子群优化算法在电力系统中的应用综述

粒子群优化(PSO)算法是一种新兴的群体智能优化技术,其思想来源于人工生命和演化计算理论,PSO通过粒子追随自己找到的最优解和整个群的最优解来完成优化。该算法简单易实现,可调参数少,已得到广泛研究和应用。在大量参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,简要介绍了PSO算法的工作原理,较为全面地详述了粒子群优化方法在电力系统中的应用,如电网规划、检修计划、短期发电计划、机组组合、负荷频率控制、最优潮流、无功优化、谐波分析与电容器配置、参数辨识、状态估计、优化设计等方面,并对今后可能的应用指出了研究方向。     

Unit commitment using Lagrangian relaxation and particle swarm optimization

Unit commitment (UC) is a NP-hard nonlinear mixed-integer optimization problem. This paper proposes ELRPSO, an algorithm to solve the UC problem using Lagrangian relaxation (LR) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). ELRPSO employs a state-of-the-art powerful PSO variant called comprehensive learning PSO to find a feasible near-optimal UC schedule. Each particle represents Lagrangian multipliers. The PSO uses a low level LR procedure, a reserve repairing heuristic, a unit decommitment heuristic, and an economic dispatch heuristic to obtain a feasible UC schedule for each particle. The reserve repairing heuristic addresses the spinning reserve and minimum up/down time constraints simultaneously. Moreover, the reserve repairing and unit decommitment heuristics consider committing/decommitting a unit for a consecutive period of hours at a time in order to reduce the total startup cost. Each particle is initialized using the Lagrangian multipliers obtained from a LR that iteratively updates the multipliers through an adaptive subgradient heuristic, because the multipliers obtained from the LR tend to be close to the optimal multipliers and have a high potential to lead to a feasible near-optimal UC schedule. Numerical results on test thermal power systems of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 units demonstrate that ELRPSO is able to find a low-cost UC schedule in a short time and is robust in performance.     

A new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting

In this paper, a new ARMAX model based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization for short-term load forecasting is proposed. Auto-regressive (AR) and moving average (MA) with exogenous variables (ARMAX) has been widely applied in the load forecasting area. Because of the nonlinear characteristics of the power system loads, the forecasting function has many local optimal points. The traditional method based on gradient searching may be trapped in local optimal points and lead to high error. While, the hybrid method based on evolutionary algorithm and particle swarm optimization can solve this problem more efficiently than the traditional ways. It takes advantage of evolutionary strategy to speed up the convergence of particle swarm optimization (PSO), and applies the crossover operation of genetic algorithm to enhance the global search ability. The new ARMAX model for short-term load forecasting has been tested based on the load data of Eastern China location market, and the results indicate that the proposed approach has achieved good accuracy.     

含小水电群的风-水-火地区电网旋转备用协调优化策略研究

传统旋转备用计算模型已不再适用于含小水电群和风电接入的地区电网。以负荷损失较小、清洁能源利用率高、运行成本低为目标,基于最小火电燃料费用、最小期望停电成本、最小火电机组出力波动和最小主力水电弃水量函数模型,建立了考虑风-水-火协调运行的多目标旋转备用优化模型。采用引入粒子浓度认知的改进粒子群优化算法,通过仿真分析,验证了该模型的适用性和有效性。在不同策略下进行比较,该方法能在较低的失负荷概率情况下,得到较低的火电机组燃料费用;能随着小水电群和风电出力大小协调优化旋转备用容量。该模型及算法对存在相当规模小水电及风电的风-水-火地区电网制定旋转备用优化策略有参考价值。     

系统分解协调算法的抽水蓄能电站优化调度

建立了包含抽水蓄能电站的电网统一调度优化模型,即以调度周期内火电燃料成本为最小目标函数,满足系统及各机组约束条件。利用系统分解协调思想,开发了一个结合拉格朗日松弛方法和粒子群优化算法的混合算法,将原优化问题分解为两层优化问题。上层拉格朗日算子优化利用次梯度算法求解,下层各子问题利用粒子群优化算法求解,经过迭代寻优得到最优对偶解后,利用一个启发式算法求得满足系统约束及各机组运行约束的原问题的可行解。最后通过算例验证了模型的合理性及算法的有效性。     

基于鲸鱼优化算法的无功优化调度

针对目前电力系统中的无功优化问题尚缺乏一种能兼顾求解的高效性与全局搜索最优性的方法,本文将一种新的启发式算法--鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)运用到电网无功优化调度中,以系统有功功率损耗最低为目标函数,通过引入惩罚函数建立无功优化模型,对IEEE-14节点系统与IEEE-30节点系统进行仿真,并利用单因素方差分析法(One-way ANOVA)将所得结果与之前的粒子群优化算法(PSO)及引入加速度系数的时变粒子群优化(PSO-TVAC)进行比较,研究表明WOA算法在迭代次数、搜索能力及收敛问题上的潜力,并证明了在解决电力系统无功优化问题上的鲁棒性和有效性,同时也为解决非线性约束问题提供了新途径。     

电力系统经济负荷分配的混沌粒子群优化算法

提出一种新的混沌粒子群优化(CPSO)算法,将其用于求解复杂的电力系统经济负荷分配(ELD)问题。该算法保持了粒子群优化(PSO)的简单结构,先利用PSO算法的全局收敛能力进行搜索,以获得近似解(即粒子经过的最佳位置),然后利用混沌优化的混沌运动特性在近似解的邻域内进行局部搜索,从而获得精确的全局最优解。多个算例的仿真结果表明,该算法能快速有效求取电力系统ELD问题更精确的最优解。     

粒子群优化算法在电力系统中的应用

粒子群优化方法是一种基于群体智能的新型演化计算技术.它在函数优化、神经网络设计、分类、模式识别、信号处理、机器人技术等许多领域已取得了成功应用,但在电力系统中应用的研究起步较晚,关于它实际应用的报道尚不多见.文章较为全面地详述了粒子群优化方法在配电网扩展规划、检修计划、机组组合、负荷经济分配、最优潮流计算与无功优化控制、谐波分析与电容器配置、配电网状态估计、参数辨识、优化设计等方面应用的主要研究成果.随着粒子群优化理论研究的深入,它还将在电力市场竞价交易、投标策略以及电力市场仿真等领域发挥巨大的应用潜力.     

微网功率不确定性模型及其在旋转备用优化中的应用

微网运行中存在发电单元故障停运以及可再生能源发电单元出力和负荷的波动性,从而合理安排旋转备用容量是维持微网安全、经济运行的重要环节。基于风电出力、光伏出力和负荷日前预测误差模型,利用全概率公式分别构建了综合预测误差及故障停运的风电和光伏出力不确定性分布模型,通过离散化风光出力和负荷不确定性分布与可调度机组停运概率分布联合生成微网功率不确定性离散分布模型,进而提出了计及微网功率不确定性以微网运行成本最小化为目标函数的微网最优旋转备用计算模型并考虑了微网向主网提供旋转备用。最后通过一个微网系统算例,采用混合整数遗传算法优化求解微网最优旋转备用值,验证了所建模型的合理性。     

混合粒子群优化算法在电网规划中的应用

在含被动聚集因子的粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization with passive congregation,PSOPC)算法和和谐搜索(harmony search,HS)的基础上,构建了一种新的混合粒子群优化(heuristic particle swarm optimization,HPSO)算法。该算法根据电网规划的特点,采用“飞回机制”处理变量的约束条件,利用和谐搜索处理规划问题的约束条件,使粒子群在迭代过程中始终保持在可行域内,同时该算法中引入了被动聚集因子,有效改善了粒子的进化机制,提高了粒子的自由搜索能力。18节点算例验证了该算法应用于电网规划的正确性和有效性,HPSO算法、粒子群优化算法和PSOPC算法的比较结果表明该HPSO算法具有较好的收敛性能。     

Multi-period wind integrated optimal dispatch using series PSO-DE with time-varying Gaussian membership function based fuzzy selection

Wind power has emerged as the most promising option for providing sustainable eco-friendly power supply to the modern world. Due to its unpredictable nature, integration of wind power into the conventional power grid is a very challenging task having dynamic characteristics. Due to the inherent uncertainty associated with wind availability, additional spinning reserve needs to be scheduled in order to maintain security and supply reliability. Multi-period multi-objective optimal dispatch (MPMOOD) is presented for wind integrated power system with reserve constraints. The complex relationship between wind power availability, spinning reserve allocation and their impact on economic/environmental cost are analysed using an elaborate model.A new multi-objective Series PSO-DE (SPSO-DE) hybrid algorithm is proposed where the two paradigms, differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) share domain information and maintain a synergistic cooperation to overcome their individual weaknesses. For multi-objective (MO) problems, the selection operation in SPSO-DE is replaced by a 5-class time-varying fuzzy selection mechanism (TVFSM) to avoid saturation and to increase Pareto diversity. To promote convergence towards the central part of the Pareto front and to quickly isolate the boundary solutions, Guassian membership function is employed. Elitism is applied to preserve good solutions and momentum operation is used to stop premature convergence. The proposed method expedites the search for the best solution, i.e. the solution which satisfies all the objectives of the MO problems. To test the performance and computational efficiency, the proposed method is applied on two standard test power systems.     

基于混合粒子群算法的短期负荷预测模型

由于电力负荷内在的非线性特性,传统基于梯度搜索的参数辨识技术可能陷入局部最优,影响了预测精度,故提出了混合进化和粒子群优化算法。将进化算法的基本思想引入粒子群优化算法,不但保持了粒子群算法结构简单、易于实现的特点,而且充分发挥了进化算法的全局搜索能力,可有效提高算法的精度和收敛速度。对上海地区电网进行短期负荷预测,与实际值相比较,结果表明,该算法具有较高的预测精度,是一种有效的短期预测方法。     

面向储能电站调度的光储发电系统运行优化策略研究

光储联合发电系统的优化调度策略是实现光储联合发电系统经济及安全运行的重要保障,然而传统的经济优化调度模型并未考虑电池储能电站内部电池的有效管理。本文提出了一种经济优化调度策略,依据储能系统各电池组性能参数和运行状态,以储能系统运行一天总成本最低为优化目标,以系统平衡、荷电状态、功率限值和调度循环为约束条件,建立了经济优化调度数学模型,并应用改进粒子群算法进行求解。最后,算例仿真结果验证了改进粒子群算法的优越性和优化调度策略在光储联合发电系统中应用的可行性。     

考虑源荷协调的风电并网系统旋转备用容量优化

风电的接入给电力系统带来更大不确定性,要求电网公司购买更多的旋转备用以维持电力系统的功率平衡和稳定,兼顾系统运行可靠性与经济性的旋转备用优化配置具有重要意义。考虑风电、需求侧互动资源,提出一种基于多场景的概率性旋转备用优化方法。该方法综合考虑风电预测误差、负荷波动及发电机非计划停运不确定性因素对旋转备用的需求,将弃风、可中断负荷分别作为部分负、正旋转备用融入发电日前调度计划,以购电总费用最低为目标函数建立日前机组组合优化模型,获得各时段旋转备用优化配置量。通过对IEEE 30节点、IEEE 118节点系统进行算例分析,验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于改进微粒群算法的水火电力系统短期发电计划优化

微粒群算法(PSO)来源于对社会模型的模拟,是一种随机全局优化技术。该算法简单,容易实现,且功能强大。中对PSO进行了改进,引入了“分群”和“灾变”思想,并应用于求解水火电力系统的短期有功负荷最优分配问题。通过具体算例验证了改进PSO算法的有效性,而且其收敛速度比遗传算法(GA)快,求解精度比普通的PSO和GA的高。     

An improved PSO technique for short-term optimal hydrothermal scheduling

This paper presents a new approach to the solution of optimal power generation to short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem, using improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) technique. The practical hydrothermal system is highly complex and possesses nonlinear relationship of the problem variables, cascading nature of hydraulic network, water transport delay and scheduling time linkage that make the problem of finding global optimum difficult using standard optimization methods. In this paper an improved PSO technique is suggested that deals with an inequality constraint treatment mechanism called as dynamic search-space squeezing strategy to accelerate the optimization process and simultaneously, the inherent basics of conventional PSO algorithm is preserved. To show its efficiency and robustness, the proposed IPSO is applied on a multi-reservoir cascaded hydro-electric system having prohibited operating zones and a thermal unit with valve point loading. Numerical results are compared with those obtained by dynamic programming (DP), nonlinear programming (NLP), evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) approaches. The simulation results reveal that the proposed IPSO appears to be the best in terms of convergence speed, solution time and minimum cost when compared with established methods like EP and DE.     

供电设备检修优化算法及其在地区电网中的应用

针对某地区电力局检修计划安排的实际情况,建立了满足地区电网要求的检修计划优化模型。该模型基于停电范围形成变量集,并以设备偏离到期检修时间最少和工作量分配最合理为目标函数。采用混沌粒子群优化(chaos particle swarm optimization,CPSO)算法来求解模型,该算法将所有粒子分成几个粒子簇。粒子向最优点靠拢的过程中,在解空间做混沌搜索,并更新粒子的历史最优值。通过某地区电网算例,对CPSO算法与遗传算法、标准PSO算法进行了比较,结果表明CPSO算法全局搜索能力和收敛性能优于后2种方法,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

基于混合粒子群算法的源-荷-储协调优化调度

为了提高新型电力系统中对风电和光伏的消纳能力,降低电力系统运行成本,将火电机组、光伏、风电、需求响应负荷和储能系统作为调度资源建立了基于源-荷-储协调的优化调度模型。以火电机组运行成本、弃风弃光成本和需求响应负荷调度成本最小为目标,提出了一种两阶段优化方法。第一阶段优化采用离散二进制粒子群优化算法,使火电机组启动成本和弃风弃光成本之和最小。在第一阶段优化结果的基础上,第二阶段的优化采用双层连续粒子群优化算法使基于电价的需求响应负荷调度成本和燃料成本之和最小。算例结果验证了该优化调度模型的可行性和有效性。