固体超强酸树脂催化合成环氧大豆油的工艺研究

以固体超强酸树脂为催化剂合成了环氧大豆油,分别对催化剂用量、反应温度、过氧化氢用量、乙酸用量及反应时间进行单因素和正交试验,并通过极差分析对环氧化过程中显著影响环氧值的因素进行统计分析。结果表明:最佳的合成工艺条件为反应温度70℃、催化剂用量(以大豆油质量为基准,下同)0.45%、过氧化氢用量85%、乙酸用量7.5%、反应时间4.5h,在此工艺条件下环氧大豆油环氧值可达6.55%。     

绿色增塑剂环氧大豆油的合成与表征

用自制的催化剂合成了一种环氧大豆油。通过L16(45)正交试验考察了双氧水用量、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对环氧大豆油环氧值的影响。结果表明:在双氧水用量100份、催化剂用量0.5份(大豆油用量定为100份)、反应温度50℃、反应时间12.5 h的最佳工艺条件下,产品的环氧值为6.58%,碘值为0.83 gI/100g。产品通过红外和核磁共振表征,确定大豆油被环氧化生成环氧大豆油。     

聚氨酯用高羟值大豆油多元醇的合成与表征

本文以大豆油为原料,采用过氧甲酸氧化法制备了高环氧值环氧大豆油(ESO);以氢氧化锂为催化剂,并通过三羟甲基丙烷对其开环合成了高羟值的大豆油多元醇(TESO),研究了反应温度、反应时间对反应进程的影响。用傅里叶红外光谱及1HNMR对其进行表征,结果表明在在190℃下反应4h可以得到高羟基的大豆油多元醇。     

无溶剂自催化合成环氧大豆油的工艺研究

本文对环氧大豆油合成配方与工艺进行了优化。考察了反应物料配比、反应温度、反应时间对产物的环氧值、碘值的影响。通过正交试验,确定环氧大豆油合成的最佳工艺条件:大豆油、甲酸和双氧水的物质的量配比为1∶9∶3,无需添加其他催化剂,搅拌速度为400r/min,反应6h,反应温度55℃左右。在此条件下合成的环氧大豆油的环氧值≥6.8%,碘值≤3.0 g/100 g。产品的外观及色泽均能满足国标要求。     

分子筛(TS-1)催化制备环氧大豆油的研究

以自制的钛硅分子筛TS-1为催化剂,双氧水为环氧化剂制备环氧大豆油。考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、双氧水用量等对环氧值的影响,结果表明:在反应温度70℃,投料比m(大豆油):m(H_2O_2):m(TS-1)为1:2.5:0.003,反应时间为4h,产品的环氧值可达到6.50%。     

钨基催化剂体系下甲醇开环环氧大豆油制备多元醇

以环氧大豆油和甲醇为原料,通过开环加成制备植物油基多元醇。在自制的二氯二氧化钨(WO2Cl2)作催化剂、三氟甲磺酸银(Ag OTf)作助催化剂的条件下,考察了催化剂用量、助催化剂用量、反应时间、温度和醇油物质的量比等对环氧大豆油开环转化率的影响,并对产物的环氧值进行了测试。结果表明,当催化剂用量为3%(以甲醇和环氧大豆油总质量为基准,下同),三氟甲磺酸银用量为4%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为8 h,醇油物质的量比为28∶1时,环氧大豆油的开环转化率较高,为89.13%。对开环产物进行了FTIR、1HNMR、TG以及流变性分析。通过热重分析得出,多元醇的分解温度(334℃)比环氧大豆油的分解温度(305℃)高。流变性分析得出,随着温度的升高,环氧大豆油和多元醇的黏度逐渐下降。在温度较低时,大豆油多元醇的黏度明显低于环氧大豆油的黏度。     

环氧大豆油脱色工艺研究

研究在碱性介质下过氧化氢对环氧大豆油的脱色工艺,考察了过氧化氢和氢氧化钠用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对脱色工艺的影响.得到最优脱色工艺条件为:物料配比(重量比)为ESO:NaOH(100%):H2O2(100%)=100:1.0～1.2:1 6～2 0,反应时间为50-60min,反应温度为75℃～80℃.在此条件下可将环氧大豆油的色泽由>250号降低至<150号,明显降低环氧大豆油的色泽,提高质量水平.     

多双键丙烯酸化环氧大豆油的制备与表征

本文以大豆油(SBO)为原料,采用过氧甲酸氧化法制备了不同环氧值的环氧大豆油(ESO);分别用丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸对ESO进行开环反应制备丙烯酸化环氧大豆油。分别测定了大豆油及环氧大豆油的环氧值和碘值以及环氧大豆油丙烯酸化反应前后的酸值,并用红外光谱对产物进行表征。结果表明:通过控制大豆油、甲酸和双氧水的比例可以制备出不同环氧值的环氧大豆油;丙烯酸比甲基丙烯酸更容易开环环氧大豆油。     

以树脂为催化剂制备环氧大豆油的研究

本文研究了在酸性离子交换树脂催化下大豆油的环氧化,研究了树脂用量及交联度、反应时间、反应温度等因素对产品环氧值的影响,并得出了环氧化、碱洗、水洗、减压蒸馏等过程的优惠工艺条件.     

植物油基多元醇的合成研究

该文以环氧大豆油(ESBO)和甲醇为原料,在SO42-/ZrO2固体酸催化作用下,通过开环加成反应制备了植物油多元醇(Polyol)。借助红外、核磁共振、热分析等技术对产物结构和性质进行了分析,考察了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量对ESBO转化率和多元醇合成的影响。结果表明:在反应原料配比n(甲醇)∶n(ESBO)=50∶1,反应温度373 K,反应时间2 h条件下,环氧大豆油转化率为96.8%,羟基值为198.3 mg KOH/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.