特殊滤嘴降低卷烟烟气中CO的研究进展

总结了近年来特殊滤嘴中的添加剂材料在降低卷烟烟气中CO方面的研究进展,介绍了活性炭材料、生物材料以及低温氧化催化剂三类添加剂降低CO的应用情况。认为低温催化氧化法降低CO具有较为广阔的应用前景,并指出今后降低卷烟烟气CO研究的方向。     

用于降低卷烟烟气中CO含量的Pd-Cu/活性炭催化剂

用浸渍法制备用于降低卷烟烟气中CO含量的Pd-Cu/活性炭催化剂,考察该催化剂对模拟卷烟烟气[4.4%CO-4.2%H2O-19.2%O2-72.2%N2(体积分数)]中的CO常温催化氧化性能,研究催化剂活性组分及其负载量、催化剂栽体、原料气中CO浓度和气体空速对催化剂的CO常温氧化活性的影响.研究表明,生产成本较低的...     

过渡金属催化剂在降低再造烟叶烟气中CO含量的应用

添加造纸法再造烟叶是卷烟降焦的重要手段,但再造烟叶烟气中CO含量相对较高,降低造纸法再造烟叶烟气中的CO含量刻不容缓。研究了Cu和Co等过渡金属氧化物催化剂在降低造纸法再造烟叶烟气中CO含量的催化性能。经过对催化剂的初步筛选,Cu-Mn复合氧化物催化剂表现出最佳的CO催化氧化性能。为进一步提高催化剂的利用效率及催化活性,从两个方面进行深入研究:(1)在再造烟叶制备过程中的不同工艺阶段加入催化剂,结果发现,将催化剂的固体粉末分散在浆料中,有助于得到催化剂分散均匀的再造烟叶,烟气中的去除率为12.8%;(2)将催化剂以不同的形式分散,结果发现,将催化剂前驱体溶液与涂布液混溶是使催化剂均匀分散的最好方式,利用此方式将Cu-Mn催化剂加入再造烟叶中,使CO去除率高达15%。表明过渡金属氧化物催化剂对降低再造烟叶烟气中CO含量表现出良好的催化性能,且催化剂在再造烟叶中的分散性对催化性能有着至关重要的作用。     

降低卷烟主流烟气一氧化碳释放量的研究进展

一氧化碳(CO)是卷烟主流烟气中的有害物质之一,降低烟气中的CO对提高卷烟安全性至关重要。卷烟使用的滤嘴、烟丝(烟草薄片)和卷烟纸是影响卷烟主流烟气中CO的释放量的三个决定性因素。文章即从这三个方面介绍当前降低卷烟主流烟气一氧化碳的研究进展,并就此做了相关展望。     

卷烟纸助剂pH值对烟气pH值、CO、总粒相物及感官质量的影响

研究了卷烟纸助剂pH值对卷烟烟气pH值、CO、总粒相物及感官质量的影响,结果表明,随着卷烟纸助剂溶液pH值的升高,烟气pH值升高,卷烟主流烟气中的CO及TPM含量随之降低,卷烟纸助剂溶液pH值对卷烟感官质量也有影响,溶液显中性对卷烟抽吸品质较为有利。     

爆珠破碎对不同圆周卷烟物理性能及主流烟气的影响

为了解爆珠破碎对主流烟气中焦油、烟碱、一氧化碳（CO）、水分,以及卷烟物理性能总量、圆周、吸阻、通风的影响,试验制备了3种不同圆周的爆珠卷烟（24.3、20.0、17.0 mm）。结果表明不同圆周卷烟在爆珠捏爆后,抽吸口数、烟支重量、圆周和通风率差别不大,主流烟气焦油、烟碱、CO略有增加,水分增加最为明显,开吸阻和闭吸阻的平均值降低,变异系数增加。爆珠破碎导致吸阻降低可能是烟气常规化学指标增加的原因。此外随着卷烟圆周的减小,爆珠破碎对卷烟物理指标和烟气常规化学指标的影响逐渐降低。该研究为爆珠卷烟产品的设计分析提供参考。     

介微孔材料降低卷烟烟气中氢氰酸的研究进展

氢氰酸是卷烟烟气中含量较少且具有挥发性毒性的物质,吸烟时会随着口腔进入人体或者挥发到周围的空气中,不但会抑制人体细胞呼吸酶,造成细胞内窒息,对人体健康造成很大的危害,同时对环境安全也会造成一定的影响。介微孔材料具有较大的比表面积、孔容、孔径和材料表面可修饰性,更重要的是多孔材料大多无毒无害、易制备且能选择性的降低卷烟烟气中的有害物质,因此可以作为吸附剂或者载体应用于卷烟滤嘴中,通过物理吸附和化学吸附选择性的降低卷烟烟气中的氢氰酸。综述了几种以不同方式制备的介微孔材料降低卷烟烟气中氢氰酸的效果,并展望了介微孔材料对于降低卷烟烟气中氢氰酸释放量的研究前景。     

卷烟纸特性对卷烟燃烧及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响

为考察卷烟纸特性对卷烟燃烧及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响,采用不同特性(透气度、定量、助燃剂含量)的卷烟纸卷制卷烟,测定卷烟燃烧温度和主流烟气中的CO释放量,并分析主流烟气中CO释放量与温度积分和最高抽吸温度的相关性,结果表明:主流烟气CO释放量与温度积分显著相关,与卷烟最高抽吸温度有一定相关或不相关。     

木材颗粒在卷烟滤嘴中的应用研究

通过电镜、比表面积及微孔物理吸附仪对木材颗粒表面形貌和比表面积进行表征。在卷烟对比实验中,研究木材颗粒复合滤棒和未采用木材颗粒醋纤滤棒的吸附性能。结果表明,木材颗粒表面呈鱼鳞状,具有介孔吸附材料特性;木材颗粒复合滤嘴可以降低卷烟主流烟气中的焦油和7种有害物质,对比未使用木材颗粒复合滤嘴下降幅度分别达到了焦油8.57%,CO 2.17%,B（a）P 22.22%,NNK 4.50%,巴豆醛3.49%,HCN 20.37%,氨离子3.77%和苯酚21.16%;木材颗粒复合滤嘴可以提升烟气浓度,增加烟香丰富性和改善舒适性。     

国内外名优卷烟烟气pH值与TPM和CO相关性的研究

为了研究国内外混合型卷烟主流烟气的pH值、烟气总粒相物(TPM)及一氧化碳(CO)的相互关系,采用烟气常规分析方法对市售混合型卷烟进行了分析。结果表明:混合型卷烟的pH值随总粒相物(TPM)和一氧化碳(CO)的增加而下降,一氧化碳(CO)随总粒相物(TPM)的增加而增加。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。