浅析转毂式真空过滤机的影响因素

随着科学技术和工业生产水平的提高,对于环境保护的日益重视,转毂真空过滤机在矿山选矿、化工、制药、食品、污水处理等行业的应用越来越多。通过对转毂式真空过滤机的构成及主要工作原理介绍,说明了选用硅藻土作为转毂过滤助滤剂的原因和优点,详细分析了影响真空转毂过滤机过滤效果的因素和影响滤液质量的因素等。     

国产助滤剂在OAT过滤机上的应用

介绍OAT过滤机的特性及其助滤剂的选用依据，通过对硅藻土和膨胀珍珠岩的比较，决定选用硅藻土助滤剂，根据工艺要求，开发出一种新型助滤剂ZX701。     

硅藻土、粉煤灰在碱液精制中的应用试验研究

对硅藻土、粉煤灰助滤剂在碱液过滤精制工艺中的应用情况进行研究,采用烛式硅藻土过滤器,以恒压过滤方式考察了助滤剂的过滤性能。结果显示,两种助滤剂都可以实现碱液的过滤精制,处理后碱液浊度由34.5 NTU降低到2.0 NTU。硅藻土、粉煤灰的涂载量为2.5~3.0 kg/m~2,过滤压力0.18 MPa,过滤周期分别为2 h和0.5 h,过滤速率分别为1.2 m~3/(m~2·h)和1.0 m~3/(m~2·h)。     

硅藻土用于钛白生产过滤的试验研究

从助滤原理和生产实验等方面阐述了硅藻土助滤剂代替木炭粉用于钛白生产的可行性。通过控制操作条件，研究对比了两种助滤剂的助滤性能。试验结果表明：硅藻土代替木炭粉作钛白生产助滤剂，不但能加快过滤速度，提高过滤质量，而且应用于生产中还可降低过滤成本，提高生产收率，降低工人的劳动强度。     

硅藻土助滤剂

<正> 助滤剂是用以改善澄清度或增加过滤速率的一类惰性物质。它能在过滤介质上形成银薄的一层表面,防止粘胶状物质与介质直接接触而贴附于助滤剂颗粒上,形成高空隙变的滤饼,这样既有效地截留各种粒度的颗粒,又能提供大量的流动通道。助滤剂所起的作用仅是物理、机械作用,并不发生吸附或化学反应。目前工业中常用的助滤剂有硅藻土、膨胀珍珠岩、石棉、纤维素、碳粉等,但以硅藻土用得最为广泛,约占过滤助剂总使用量的75％。硅藻土是由沉淀后的化石状硅藻制得,与其它助滤剂相比,是最为理想的助滤剂。早在1876年,英国人就把天然硅藻土经粉碎、干燥后作为助滤剂使用。     

硅藻土助滤剂的制造工艺

本文论述了如何通过硅藻土助滤剂生产过程的一系列工艺条件选择和设计,控制硅藻土助滤剂的粒度分布范围和物理结构变化,以获得最佳过滤性能。产品经使用表明,其质量达到进口的同类产品水平。     

纤维素助滤剂在液硫过滤中的应用实践

介绍了一种液体硫磺过滤载体纤维素助滤剂的应用情况.实践证明,纤维素助滤剂在不同添加量下,液体硫磺灰分含量基本能满足生产需求.每生产1t液体硫磺消耗纤维素助滤剂为0.37元,消耗硅藻土为0.51元,使用纤维素助滤剂的生产成本低于硅藻土的使用成本.     

可供转让技术·产品信息

一、达到进口水平的国产硅藻土助滤剂广西化工研究所最新开发和试产的硅藻土助滤剂,主要应用于啤酒的过滤,也可应用于其他饮料、食品、化工等方面的过滤。经过几家较大的啤酒厂应用,各项技术经济指标均达到标准,每过滤一吨啤酒,消耗助滤剂为0.77～1.1公斤。比较进口品的消耗略低(如美国产品耗量为1.0～1.5公斤)。而且价格比进口品低40％左右,可节约大量外汇。     

电镀过滤技术的进展

优质镀层的沉积需要极洁净的电镀液,引起了电镀液过滤技术上的进展。以往把电镀液从一个槽子通过一台过滤机转移到另一个槽子的间歇处理(cocasi—nal batch transfer),通常使用某种助滤剂,助滤剂能延长过滤膜的寿命。助滤剂所形成的一层多孔性的滤渣,使液体通过,过滤掉不希望有的固体颗粒,从电镀液中除去能引起沉降粗糙度的细小颗粒。预涂助滤剂过滤机可是不久就感到连续地过滤电镀液的必要性,因为每当已沉淀到镀槽底部的一些颗粒被搅拌带上时,镀层表面就发生粗糙。通过有效的连续过滤,大部分颗粒在可能成为问题之前就被除去了。尽管预涂助滤剂的过滤能用来除去极细微的颗     

硅藻土助滤剂试生产及应用

浙江省化工研究院自1989年底,以本省嵊县砖藻土制助滤剂完成中试后,转入试生产。1990年共生产助滤剂50余吨,其中30吨已在杭州啤酒厂用于啤酒过滤。其最大特点是过滤后的啤酒清亮度高,对啤酒口味无影响。现有生产能力可基本满足省内啤酒厂的需要,值得推广应用。硅藻土助滤剂除应用于过滤啤酒之外,可以过滤黄酒及其他酒类和饮料,还可用于化工液体和溶剂的过滤,废水净化,以及用作造纸、塑料、农药的填料,摩擦抛光剂,吸附剂,催化剂载体,化学(复合)肥料的包裹剂等。嵊县硅藻土资源蕴藏量丰富,开采容易,交通运输方便,为全国三大硅藻土矿产基地之一。     

硅藻土助滤剂在海水净化中的应用

目前国内尚无可借鉴的有关海水泳池循环净化工艺的经验和标准,因此对日益增多的海水游泳、戏水场馆池水的净化处理是必须面对的新课题。硅藻土预涂膜过滤技术作为一种高效的精密过滤技术,已成功应用于水质净化、食品工业等领域。本文对硅藻土助滤剂及硅藻土预涂膜过滤技术在海水游泳池池水净化中的应用进行了初步研究。筛选出过滤效果较好的硅藻土助滤剂CD08,布氏漏斗试验结果表明,CD08在投加量为1.0 kg/m2的条件下,对浊度、CODMn、尿素和细菌的去除率分别为98%、40%、32%和70%。在此基础上,采用实验室规模硅藻土预涂膜过滤装置进行小试试验,结果表明,在一个运行周期中,以硅藻土CD08为助滤剂的过滤装置运行良好,出水浊度在0.5 NTU左右,尿素的平均去除率为20%左右,CODMn的平均去除率为30%左右,细菌的平均去除率为68%左右。     

Preparation and filtration testing of diatomite filtering layer by acid leaching

Ceramic membrane filter consisting of the filtration layer obtained from natural diatomite particles (finer than 50 μm) by coating onto a large porosity support made of quartz-based materials was fabricated. The coating was achieved by pressure filtration at 5 bar and later sintering applied at 600 °C. The sintered product was leached by the hot acid solution (5 M HCl; 75 °C) for 1 h. The characteristic skeletal structure of diatomite (fine microscopic pores) could be obtained without deforming the structural integrity of coating. Filtration response of the filter was tested in dead-end and periodic pressure filtration modes. The filtered particles were of calcite (finer than 1.5 μm) obtained from a marble factory wastewater stream. The diatomite leaching increased the filtration capacity of the filter media more than two times. The filtrate has high clarity (0.1 NTU turbidity). The coating maintained structural stability during a filtration process performed at 5 bar and backflushing of 4 bar.     

Filtration in coal liquefaction: preparation of filter aid from filter cake

In this study the preparation of filter aid from filter cake is considered. Two methods of preparation, carbonization at 550–600 °C and combustion at 800–1000 °C, are used and the optimum conditions determined. The performance of the products is assessed as both a precoat and body feed by comparison with a commercial grade of diatomite. It is shown that efficient filter aids, with performances comparable to that of diatomite, may be produced from filter cake.     

硅藻土助滤剂在水过滤中的应用

介绍了国外硅灌土助滤剂在过滤水中的应用和近年国内研究工作概况。有关资料表明,硅灌土这滤技术可用于饮用水、工业用水、游泳池水过滤以及工业废水、生活污水处理后的过滤净化。过滤设备简单、古地少、易操作、费用低、效果好,主要可滤除细微悬浮物、胶体物质、细菌病毒等,滤不清亮透明。     

不同助滤剂对废水中重金属铜离子吸附性能研究

对稻壳灰、硅藻土和粉煤灰3种助滤剂对废水中重金属铜离子的吸附性能进行了对比研究。     

Advances in the Precoat Filtration Process

Abstract

Precoat filtration with body‐feed is widely applied during wine‐making. This technique employs filter aids, such as diatomites (silica particles), to form the precoat layer. However, the spent diatomites, which retain organic matter, represent an important source of pollution and land disposal of this type of waste is forbidden. In addition, these spent diatomites are not regenerable. The aim of this study was to evaluate regenerable filter aids which have a high environmental acceptability. Polyamide particles were characterized as filter aids, tested in precoat filtration and compared to diatomites which are the classic filter aids used in wine filtration.

Polyamide particles seemed to be efficient filter aids, reducing turbidity by 72% and the fouling index by 56% without affecting wine quality.     

助滤剂特性的理论分析与研究

Pressure filtration and filter aids should be adopted in filtration of high-viscosity molten chemical fiber containing foreign materials and gel particles. Theoretical analysis and argumentations on manners of assisted filtration and specific requirements of filter aids are performed. Measurement and comparison on properties of several filter aids are also carried out, conclusions and suggestions are put forward.     

选煤厂浮选精煤助滤脱水实验研究

针对赵固二矿选煤厂浮选精煤水分偏高的问题,采用添加助滤剂的手段降低浮选精煤水分,分别进行助滤剂的选型实验和定量实验。选型实验结果表明,液体助滤剂比固体助滤剂更能显著降低浮选精煤水分和缩短抽滤时间,因此选用液体助滤剂进行定量实验。定量实验结果表明,TLT5140助滤剂的整体效果最佳,并且在药剂用量为80 g/t时,浮选精煤水分可降至16.5%左右。最终选用TLT5140助滤剂进行工业实验,与不加药剂相比,浮选精煤产品水分降低3%,加压过滤机排料周期缩短50%。助滤剂的使用降低了浮选精煤水分,提高了过滤设备的生产能力,满足了客户对最终精煤水分的要求。     

Effect of diatomite/polyethylene glycol binary processing aids on the rheology of a metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene

Flow performance of metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) containing small amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) diatomite and diatomite/PEG binary processing aids respectively was investigated. The mLLDPE melt viscosity is increased by the addition of diatomite, but is decreased by addition of PEG or the diatomite/PEG binary processing aids. It was also found that the viscosity reduction of mLLDPE with the addition of diatomite/PEG binary processing aid was significantly greater than that obtained with the addition of only PEG. The flow curves of mLLDPE containing diatomite/PEG binary processing aid show extremely lower value and stronger dependence on shear rate than the others. It is suggested that the rheological improvement of mLLDPE with diatomite/PEG binary processing aids resulted not entirely from the wall slip promoted by PEG; the intrinsic structure may have changed under the application of shear flow. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1546–1552, 2004     

Effect of inorganic fillers in binary processing aids on the rheology of a metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene

Inorganic fillers including porous diatomite, flaky talc, and spherical calcium carbonate were blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to prepare binary processing aids, and the effect of varied binary processing aids on the melt flow properties and extrudates distortion of a metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) was studied. It was found that the binary processing aids exhibit better effect on viscosity reduction of mLLDPE than that obtained when PEG was added alone. The morphology of inorganic fillers influences the effect of binary processing aids. The diatomite/PEG binary processing aid shows the most noticeable effect, followed by the talc/PEG binary processing aid, and then the calcium carbonate/PEG binary processing aid. The influence of particle size of the diatomite on the effectiveness of the diatomite/PEG binary processing aid was also studied. The mechanism for the improved effect of binary processing aids on reducing viscosity of mLLDPE was proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1824–1829;2005