SiO2包覆膜对介孔Pd/SiO2催化蒽醌加氢制备双氧水的作用

本工作以2-戊基蒽醌生产过氧化氢的反应过程为研究背景，使用平均孔径为12 nm的介孔球形氧化硅载体，利用强静电吸附(SEA)法制备了Pd/SiO₂催化剂，并使用四乙氧基硅烷包覆催化剂所负载的Pd颗粒，制备出用于蒽醌加氢的Pd@SiO₂/SiO₂球形颗粒催化剂。相较于未经包覆修饰的Pd/SiO₂球形催化剂，Pd@SiO₂/SiO₂催化剂表现出较高的100%选择性，以及高加氢活性，时空产率高出16.4%;同时，利用物理吸附(BET)、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、H₂-TPR、XPS等手段对所制备的Pd@SiO₂/SiO₂及Pd/SiO₂催化剂进行表征，可观察到经包覆后，Pd颗粒表面有0.1 nm左右的SiO₂膜，催化剂的比表面积和孔容相较于载体有所增加，而孔径则减小；H₂-TPR及XPS表征结果则显示，在Pd@S...     

基于不同共溶剂体系对于高电压正极材料LiCoPO4的形貌控制

水分别与乙醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇混合为共溶剂, 通过溶剂热法制备高电压锂离子电池正极材料LiCoPO₄, 研究不同醇类溶剂对于样品的微观形貌和颗粒尺寸的影响。借助X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和比表面积测试对样品的成分、晶型、微观形貌和颗粒尺寸进行分析。研究表明, 制备得到的LiCoPO₄颗粒平均尺寸大小与醇类溶剂对于前驱体的溶解度差异相一致, 而与溶剂粘度没有明显联系。通过乙二醇/水制备得到的LiCoPO₄颗粒呈六边形片状, 平均尺寸最小, 而通过乙醇/水和二乙二醇/水制备得到的LiCoPO₄颗粒呈菱形片状形态。此外, 前者结晶度较高且循环性能较好, 0.05C下首圈放电容量为130 mAh/g, 20圈后容量保留率为88%。     

Pd掺杂量对有机无机杂化SiO2膜H2/CO2分离性能和水热稳定性能的影响

以1,2-二(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷(BTESE)为前驱体、PdCl₂为钯源, 制备Pd掺杂有机无机杂化SiO₂(POS)溶胶, 涂膜后在水蒸气氛围中煅烧, 制备得到POS膜。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、N₂吸附-脱附和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对POS粉体的微观结构进行表征。考察了钯/硅摩尔比(n(Pd/Si)=0.1、0.5和1)对POS膜的气体分离性能与水热稳定性能的影响。结果表明: 随着Pd掺杂量的增加, POS膜的H₂渗透率逐渐增大, H₂/CO₂的理想选择性逐渐下降。经100 kPa水蒸气处理180 h后, 采用n (Pd/Si)=1制备的POS膜的H₂渗透率达到1.62× 10^-7 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1, H₂/CO₂理想分离因子达到13.6, 表明该膜具有较好的H₂渗透性能、H₂/CO₂分离性能和水热稳定性能。     

Pd负载型介孔ZrO2-TiO2复合材料的设计合成及其CO催化氧化性能研究

以介孔结构的复合ZrO₂-TiO₂为载体负载活性组分, 制备了具有高CO催化氧化活性的Pd/ZrO₂-TiO₂与PdCu/ZrO₂-TiO₂负载型催化剂。XRD、TEM研究结果表明: 活性组分Pd、Cu物种可均匀分散于介孔载体中。系统考察了不同的催化剂载体、制备方法和助催化剂等对该介孔复合材料CO催化氧化性能的影响, 结果表明: 以ZrO₂-TiO₂为载体的催化剂其CO催化氧化活性明显优于以介孔Al₂O₃或介孔SBA-15为载体的催化剂; 一步法制备的介孔Pd/ZrO₂-TiO₂催化剂其CO催化氧化的低温活性较浸渍法制备的Pd/ZrO₂-TiO₂有很大提高; 并且Pd和Cu物种共负载的介孔ZrO₂-TiO₂复合催化剂具有最优的CO催化氧化活性, 其CO的完全催化氧化温度可降至170℃, O₂-TPD分析说明Pd和Cu之间的相互作用使得PdCu/ZT催化剂在更低温度具有氧化还原活性。     

Pd-Sn-Co纳米粒子修饰还原氧化石墨烯/CuBi2O4复合材料的制备及电催化性能

采用水热-浸渍还原法将Pd-Sn-Co纳米粒子固载到氧化石墨烯（GO）/CuBi₂O₄载体上,成功获得Pd-Sn-Co@还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/CuBi₂O₄复合催化剂,并用于碱性介质中乙二醇的电催化氧化。通过比较单金属Pd、双金属Pd-Co、Pd-Sn及三金属Pd-Sn-Co@rGO/CuBi₂O₄四种负载型催化剂的电催化性能发现,三金属Pd-Sn-Co@rGO/CuBi₂O₄展现出最高的电催化活性和抗毒能力,其正向峰电流密度达到186.54 mA·cm?2,是商用Pd/C (29.57 mA·cm?2)的6.3倍。这种优良的电氧化性能归功于载体GO/CuBi₂O₄独特的三维结构为负载金属提供了充足的界面和活性位点及良好分散性的Pd-Sn-Co三金属纳米粒子之间强烈的协同作用,此外,将GO引入到CuBi₂O₄中有利于多金属纳米粒子的负载并吸附更多的含氧物种,提供优良的电子转移并增大与乙二醇分子的接触面积。这种新型复合材料的制备为发展高效Pd基电催化氧化直接醇类燃料电池提供了新途径,具有较好的理论和应用价值。      

多级孔Ti-MOFs负载超细Pd纳米颗粒实现高效光热CO2还原(英文)

设计钛基金属有机骨架(MOF)实现高效光催化CO₂还原具有重要意义但仍极具挑战.本文发展了一种新的一步原位水蚀刻方法制备超细Pd纳米颗粒/多级孔Ti-MOFs高效光催化剂,其中水刻蚀在形成多级孔结构的同时也为Pd的锚定提供了丰富位点,进而在光还原的作用下一步实现Pd纳米颗粒在MOFs表面和内部的负载.得益于多级孔结构和超细Pd颗粒负载,Pd/hMUV-10在350℃光照下的CO产率高达65.9 mmol g^-1 h^-1,比目前最先进的MOF基催化剂高出约两个数量级,并超过大多数已报道的无机半导体基催化剂.在200℃相对温和的条件下,CO的产率也达到3.36 mmol g^-1 h^-1.在350℃的连续循环测试中,催化剂活性几乎没有衰减.理论计算表明,Pd负载可增强对CO₂的吸附和降低CO₂还原能垒,从而实现高效光热CO₂还原.本文所报道的Pd/hMUV-10催化剂有望在工业CO₂捕获和转化中得...     

氧化铈空心球可控合成及其对Pt基催化剂电催化性能的影响

采用水热合成法, 以碳球为模板, 改变焙烧升温速率, 控制影响铈物种的扩散、渗透及碳球结构的收缩率, 制备了单、双壳层CeO₂空心球。通过微波辅助乙二醇还原氯铂酸法制备了Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂, 研究了CeO₂空心球的添加对Pt基催化剂电催化性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电子能谱(EDAX)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对CeO₂及催化剂的微观结构进行了表征, 利用电化学工作站对催化剂进行电化学性能测试。结果表明: 单、双壳层CeO₂空心球的比表面积为124.44 m²/g、140.95 m²/g, 孔容为0.014427 cm³/(g·nm)、0.018605 cm³/(g·nm), 孔径分布在2~4 nm范围内。催化剂中的CeO₂保持原有的球状形貌, Pt纳米粒子主要分布在CeO₂附近; 当RGO∶CeO₂=1∶2时, 添加了双壳层CeO₂空心球的Pt-CeO₂/RGO催化剂的电催化性能最优, 电化学活性表面积为94.27 m²/g, 对乙醇氧化的峰电流密度值为613.54 A/g, 1000 s的稳态电流密度值为135.45 A/g。     

氧缺陷Bi2WO6-x可见光催化剂的制备和性能

采用乙二醇溶剂热法原位制备氧缺陷Bi₂WO_6-x催化剂, 利用XRD、SEM、N₂吸附-脱附、XPS、ESR、UV-Vis DRS、PL及电化学方法对样品的理化性能进行了表征, 考察了样品在可见光下(λ > 400 nm)对气相苯的光催化降解性能。结果表明: 乙二醇溶剂热法制备的催化剂具有较大比表面积, 形成了Bi-O_v和W-O_v氧缺陷中心; 缺陷的生成改变了催化剂的能带结构, 缩小其光响应带隙宽度, 并有效抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合, 催化剂的活性增强。Bi₂WO_6-x降解苯的转化率和矿化率分别为52.5%和80.6%, 是Bi₂WO₆的1.72倍和1.84倍。     

原位负载Pt-Co高指数晶面催化剂的制备及其电催化性能

直接乙醇燃料电池(DEFC)具有燃料易得、绿色高效的优点,得到了广泛的研究,但是DEFC催化剂存在催化效率低、稳定性差的问题,制约了其快速发展。本研究采用液相水热合成法,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP k-25)为分散剂和还原剂、甘氨酸为表面控制剂和共还原剂,通过调控Pt-Co金属前驱体的摩尔比,一步制备了XC-72R炭黑负载的Pt₁Co_x/C高指数晶面纳米催化剂,实现了催化剂晶粒在碳载体上的原位生长。Pt₁Co_1/3/C纳米催化剂暴露的高指数晶面主要包括(410)、(510)和(610)晶面。在晶体生长过程中, Pt₁Co_1/3/C纳米催化剂晶粒由“类球体”转变立方块,最终得到具有高指数晶面取向的内凹形貌。Pt₁Co_1/3/C高指数晶面纳米催化剂的电催化活性最高,其电化学活性表面积为18.46 m²/g,对乙醇氧化峰电流密度为48.70 mA/cm²,稳态电流密度为8.29...     

直接热分解法制备单相Pd-Fe合金催化剂及电催化氧还原活性

以醋酸钯和醋酸亚铁为前驱体, 采用直接热分解法制备了碳载Pd₃-Fe₁(Pd₃-Fe₁/C)催化剂。用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂进行了表征, 用循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法研究了催化剂对氧的电催化还原性能。结果表明, 制备的Pd₃-Fe₁/C复合催化剂具有单相均一的合金结构, Fe进入Pd晶格改变了Pd电子结构和结构常数。电化学数据表明, Pd₃-Fe₁/C对氧还原比Pd/C催化剂有更高的电催化性能。     

Effect of temperature gradients and stress levels on damage of C/SiC composites in oxidizing atmosphere

Strain response of a C/SiC composite, which is cycled with ΔT₁ of 500 °C at 50 MPa, ΔT₂ of 400 °C at 100 MPa and ΔT₃ of 300 °C at 150 MPa, was investigated. Measured thermo-elastic strain ranges are found to retain 0.209% for ΔT₁, 0.168% for ΔT₂, and 0.122% for ΔT₃, independent upon the applied stress level. Non-linear variations of thermal cycling creep strain can reflect damage evolutions of the composites by changing its rate, which depends on temperature gradient and applied stress. After 104 thermal cycles, strength, modulus, and failure strain of the composites retain 60.29%, 84.2%, and 59% of the initial properties, respectively. The coating cracks of the cycled specimens are observed to be perpendicular to the applied stresses and arranged at relatively regular spacing, through which the fibers are oxidized superficially.     

Ag-assisted CeO2 catalyst for soot oxidation

In this work, the Ag loaded Ce-based catalyst was synthesized (by the sol−gel method) and its performance was studied by TG, H₂-TPR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and XPS. The results show that Ag nanoparticles be successfully loaded onto the CeO₂ surface and the relative content of Ag nanoparticles is about 10.22 wt.% close to the theoretical value (10%). XPS shows that Ag nanoparticles induce a great number of oxygen vacancies in the CeO₂ lattice through the electronic transfer, and H₂-TPR indicates that the Ag-assisted CeO₂ catalyst exhibits a better reduction performance and Ag nanoparticles can promote O⁻ transform into O²⁻. The catalytic activity for soot oxidation was studied by TG under air atmosphere and the activity was found to be obviously enhanced when Ag nanoparticles be load on the surface of CeO₂ (T₁₀ = 386 °C, T₉₀ = 472.5 °C, T_m = 431 °C). The reaction mechanism was also presented and O₂⁻ species is regarded as the determinant factor for the catalytic activity.     

尖晶石型AFe2O4催化剂的制备及其催化燃烧甲苯的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶-自蔓延燃烧法制备尖晶石型AFe₂O₄(A=Cu, Co, Ni, Mg, Zn)催化剂, 以甲苯为VOCs模拟气, 考察AFe₂O₄催化剂对VOCs的催化燃烧活性, 并采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、H₂-TPR、XPS对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明: AFe₂O₄表现出较好的催化燃烧活性, 其中CuFe₂O₄的催化燃烧活性最佳, 起燃温度(T50)和完全燃烧温度(T90)分别为188℃、239℃。AFe₂O₄具有明显的片状尖晶石晶体, 并形成以介孔为主的多级孔结构, 该特点为催化剂提供了大量表面活性位。A位元素种类对其催化燃烧活性影响较大, 当A位元素为Cu时, Cu的H₂还原峰面积远大于其他元素, H₂还原温度仅为289℃, 表面亲电子氧和氧空位浓度占氧元素总量(O_ele/O_1S)的36%。CuFe₂O₄为片状反尖晶石晶型, 晶格体积仅为0.294 nm³, 并伴有CuO和α-Fe₂O₃物种。以介孔为主的多级孔结构、特有的片状反尖晶石晶型以及该晶型与CuO和α-Fe₂O₃的协同作用是CuFe₂O₄催化燃烧活性提高的主要原因。     

First principles calculations of thermal equations of state and thermodynamical properties of MgH2 at finite temperatures

We present the first principles calculations of the thermodynamical properties of magnesium hydride (MgH₂) over a temperature range of 0–1000 K. The phonon dispersions are determined within the density functional framework and are used to calculate the free energy of MgH₂ within the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA) at each cell volume and temperature T. Using the free energies the thermal equation of state (EOS) is derived at several temperatures. From the thermal EOS structural parameters such as the equilibrium cell volume (V₀) and elastic properties, namely, bulk modulus (K₀) and its pressure derivative are computed. The free energies are also used to calculate various thermodynamical properties within QHA. These include internal energy E, entropy S, specific heat capacity at constant pressure C_P, thermal pressure P_thermal(V, T) and volume thermal expansion ΔV/V (%). The good agreement of calculated values of S and C_P with experimental data exhibits that QHA can be used as a tool for calculating the thermodynamical properties of MgH₂ over a wide temperature range. P_thermal(V,T) increases strongly with T at all the volumes but it is a slowly varying function of volume for T = 298–500 K. According to Karki [B.B. Karki, Am. Miner. 85 (2000) 1447] such volume based variations can be neglected and so it is possible to estimate the thermal EOS only with the knowledge of the measured P_thermal(V, T) versus temperature at ambient pressure and isothermal compression data at ambient temperature. Temperature dependence of ΔV/V(%) shows that V₀ increased with increase in temperature. However, the percentage decrease in K₀ superseded this percentage increase in V₀ even at temperatures moderately higher than 298 K. Therefore, we suggest application of temperature (T > 298 K) as an approach to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity of MgH₂ because of its better compressibility at these temperatures.     

氟橡胶包覆TANPyO的热安全性研究

为了对氟橡胶包覆的多氨基多硝基吡啶氮氧化合物的热安全性进行研究,使用氟橡胶（F₂₃₁₁）,通过溶液-悬浮-蒸馏的方法对2,4,6-三氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物（TANPyO）进行包覆处理,制得TANPyO/F₂₃₁₁造型粉。使用扫描电镜（SEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）仪对包覆前、后的TANPyO进行对比研究。使用热重和差示扫描量热（TG-DSC）分析仪对TANPyO/F₂₃₁₁造型粉的热分解行为进行研究。使用Ozawa法、Kissinger法等对TANPyO/F₂₃₁₁造型粉的热分解动力学参数进行计算,而后再求得TANPyO/F₂₃₁₁的热点火温度T_be、自加速分解温度T_s、热爆炸临界温度T_bp等数据,并对半径为1 m的球状TANPyO/F₂₃₁₁造型粉在不同超临界环境温度下的延滞期进行计算。实验及计算结果表明:作为一种典型的多氨基多硝基吡啶氮氧类化合物,TANPyO经氟橡胶包覆后,T_be为575.54 K,T_s为566.07 K,T_bp为614.03 K,热安全性高,具有较好的耐热性能。     

Preparation and crystallization of Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1 bulk metallic glass with wide supercooled liquid region

Ti-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) alloy with the composition of Ti₅₃Cu₂₇Ni₁₂Zr₃Al₇Si₃B₁ was prepared by copper molder casting method and ribbon sample was prepared by melt spinning to compare. The thermal instability of this glass phase was examined by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results revealed that the supercooled liquid region (ΔT_x), glass transition temperature (T_g) and reduced glass transition temperature (T_g/T_m) of the glassy alloy are detected to be 69, 685 and 0.62 K, respectively. The crystallization behavior of the Ti-based glass phase was also investigated by annealing the glass phase at series temperatures above T_g. The annealed microstructures were examined by means of X-ray diffraction experiments. The crystallization process of the BMG can be characterized by metastable crystalline phases at the first crystallization step and further transition to stable crystalline phases at high temperature through metastable crystalline phase.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Alumina via a Reverse Precipitation Method

Mesoporous alumina γ-Al_2O_3 with high specific surface area and large pore volume is prepared by using a facile reverse precipitation method from sodium aluminate and nitric acid.The effects of terminal pH value,aging time and thermal stability on the characterization of γ-Al_2O_3 are studied by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) method and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results show that γ-Al_2O_3 with better properties can be obtained by changing the preparation parameters.High BET surface area of 340(m~2)/g can be obtained by calcining at 500 ℃ for 4 h with large pore volume of 0.90(cm)~3/g and average pore size of 7.6 nm.After calcining at 1000°,the surface area is still 86 m2/g and the pore volume is 0.37(cm)~3/g.     

Computations of the Energetics of C60F36 Isomers

Three isomers of C₆₀F₃₆ are known from experiment (C₃, T, and C₁ symmetry). However, computations do not agree on their relative stabilities. In order to clarify the situation, DFT computations are carried out with different basis sets and several functionals. While lower level computations yield the C₃ isomer as the most stable, higher computational treatments consistently point out the T isomer as the lowest potential-energy species.     

Tb掺杂双钙钛矿氧化物Pr2CoMnO6的磁热效应

采用高温固相反应法制备双钙钛矿氧化物Pr_(2-x)Tb_xCoMnO₆(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15)系列陶瓷样品,研究了Tb的掺杂量对Pr₂CoMnO₆样品的居里温度、磁熵变以及磁相变的影响。结果表明:系列样品Pr_(2-x)Tb_xCoMnO₆(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15)的空间点群为单斜晶系P2₁/n,具有良好的单相性;该组样品均有两个磁转变点(T_C1和T_C2);随着Tb掺杂量的增加T_C1和T_C2均降低下降;在测量温区内,随着温度的降低4个样品均先后经历顺磁态、顺磁-铁磁共存态;该组样品在7 T外加磁场中的最大磁熵变值ΔS_M分别为-1.862、-1.779、-1.768和-1.766 J/(kg·K)。掺杂Tb元素使最大磁熵变值变小,但是拓宽了半高宽温区。结合RCP值可以判断,Pr_1.9Tb_0.1CoMnO₆比其他三个样品更具有作为高温区磁制冷材料的潜能;根据对Arrott曲线、重标定曲线以及Loop曲线的分析,该组样品在此阶段经历了一级相变。