喷射沉积7075A1／SICp铝基复合材料板材的高温拉伸变形行为

当温度为300-450℃，应变速率为0．001-0.1S^-1时，在WDW-E200拉伸机上采用单向拉伸实验研究喷射沉积7075A1／SIC。复合材料板材的高温变形行为；分析板材的变形激活能以及流变应力、变形温度和应变速率之间的关系。结果表明：随着变形温度升高和应变速率降低，7075AI／SiCp复合材料板材拉伸流变应力减小；其最大拉伸断裂伸长率由5．03％增加到71．07％；7075A1／SICp复合材料板材应变速率敏感系数的最大值仅为0．22，在温度为623、673和723K时其变形激活能分别为380．49、323．42和434．S6kJ／mol，均高于铝的晶格自扩散激活能（142kJ／mol）。     

喷射沉积7075Al/SiCp铝基复合材料板材的高温拉伸变形行为

当温度为300～450℃,应变速率为0.001～0.1 s-1时,在WDW-E200拉伸机上采用单向拉伸实验研究喷射沉积7075Al/SiCp复合材料板材的高温变形行为;分析板材的变形激活能以及流变应力、变形温度和应变速率之间的关系.结果表明:随着变形温度升高和应变速率降低,7075Al/SiCp复合材料板材拉伸流变应力减小;其最大拉伸断裂伸长率由5.03%增加到71.07%;7075Al/SiCp复合材料板材应变速率敏感系数的最大值仅为0.22,在温度为623、673和723 K时其变形激活能分别为380.49、323.42和434.56 kJ/mol,均高于铝的晶格自扩散激活能(142 kJ/mol).     

喷射沉积7075/SiCp复合材料的压缩变形和断裂规律研究

研究了喷射沉积7075/SiCp复合材料高温压缩时的变形和断裂规律。结果表明,增大试样表面的摩擦阻力,并适当提高变形温度可有效促进致密化过程。接触面上的摩擦系数、变形程度和试样初始高径比越大,则鼓度越大。喷射沉积7075/SiCp复合材料高温压缩时的断裂方式主要有四种,即空洞在增强相与基体界面处形成而出现增强相从基体中拔出的现象、空洞在基体中形核长大而引起基体的延性断裂、颗粒团聚处的断裂和颗粒的脆性断裂。随着变形温度的升高,喷射沉积7075/SiCp复合材料的断裂应变迹线的截距先增大后减小,420℃压缩时截距达到最大值;润滑可使断裂应变迹线上移,变形安全区增大;随着坯料的相对密度增大,变形断裂区减小。     

喷射沉积SiC_p/7090Al复合材料板材高温拉伸变形行为

在室温及温度为300～450℃,应变速率为0.1s-1的条件下,在WDW-E200拉伸机上采用单向拉伸试验对喷射沉积SiCp/7090Al复合材料轧制板材的力学性能及变形行为进行了研究,并对不同温度下复合材料的显微组织、力学性能和断口形貌进行了分析。结果表明,SiCp/7090Al复合材料板材拉伸流变应力随着变形温度的升高而减小,同时,随着拉伸温度的升高,SiCp与Al基体界面被弱化,拔断的SiCp逐渐减少;但复合材料的伸长率不断增大,伸长率由3.0%增加到85.07%。     

TiC/7075A1复合材料热变形行为研究

采用圆柱试样在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上对原位反应喷射沉积TiC/7075A1复合材料进行高温压缩变形实验,研究其高温热变形行为.变形温度为300、350、400、450℃,应变速率为0.001、0.01、0.1s-1.结果显示,TiC/7075A1复合材料的流变应力随变形温度升高而降低、随应变速率的降低而降低.可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式描述复合材料高温压缩变形流变应力,其变形激活能为186.786 KJ/mol.     

喷射沉积FVS0812耐热铝合金板高温拉伸变形与断裂行为的研究

通过对FVS0812铝合金薄板在250℃-450℃的温度范围内和在0．001s^-1-0．1s^-1的应变速率下的拉伸试验，以及断口的SEM分析，研究了喷射沉积FVS0812铝合金板的高温拉伸变形与断裂行为。结果表明：加工硬化率随着温度的降低而加大，随着应变速率的增加而略有降低；应变速率敏感性指数随着温度的升高而上升；流变应力随着应变速率的增加而增大，随着变形温度的增加而降低；伸长率不仅随着温度的升高而增加．同时也随着应变速率的提高而加大，与常规铝合金薄板的变化规律恰好相反。     

TC21钛合金超塑性拉伸变形流变行为

通过恒应变速率超塑性拉伸试验,研究了TC21钛合金在变形温度为1 153~1 193K,应变速率为3.3×10-4~3.3×10-2 s-1条件下的拉伸流变应力行为。计算了TC21钛合金超塑性拉伸变形激活能和相应的应力指数,建立了TC21钛合金应力-应变本构模型,并通过1stopt软件对其进行修正。研究表明,在同一应变速率下,TC21钛合金流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小;在同一变形温度下,流变应力随着应变速率的增大而增大。当应变速率较高,变形温度较低时,动态再结晶为主要软化机制;当应变速率较低,变形温度较高时,加工硬化与软化达到动态平衡,软化机制以动态回复为主;当变形温度为1 153K,应变速率为3.3×10-4 s-1时,TC21钛合金具有较好的超塑性(408.60%);超塑性拉伸变形激活能和应力指数分别为329.20kJ/mol、2.367 7。     

Ti6Al4V钛合金冷轧板材的超塑性变形行为研究

在温度830～890℃和应变速率0.0005～0.005 s~(-1)下对Ti6Al4V钛合金冷轧板材进行超塑性拉伸实验。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察变形后的微观组织和断口形貌。研究了该合金的超塑性变形行为和变形机理。结果表明:在应变速率为0.0005、0.005 s~(-1)时,随着变形温度的升高,伸长率先升高后降低;在应变速率为0.001 s~(-1)时,随着变形温度的升高,伸长率逐渐降低;在830℃和0.001 s~(-1)条件下伸长率达到最大值1259.0%;超塑性最优变形参数区间为温度830～850℃、应变速率0.0005～0.001 s~(-1)。合金的应变速率敏感性指数m值随温度升高先增加,850℃时达到最大值0.472,随后逐渐减小;超塑性变形下的平均激活能为259 k J/mol。超塑性变形过程发生了明显的动态再结晶,微观组织完全转变为等轴组织。超塑性变形的主要机制为晶界滑移。Ti6Al4V合金板材超塑性拉伸断裂属为于沿晶断裂。     

TB8钛合金超塑性拉伸变形流变行为与本构方程

在电子万能拉伸试验机上对TB8钛合金进行了恒应变速率超塑性拉伸试验(变形温度为720~880℃,应变速率为0.000 1~0.01s~(-1)),研究了拉伸流变行为,计算了超塑性拉伸变形激活能和相应的应力指数,建立了TB8钛合金应力-应变本构模型。结果表明,在同一应变速率下,流变应力随变形温度的增加而减少,同一变形温度下,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加。在变形温度为840℃,应变速率为10~(-4) s~(-1),合金的伸长率最大,为356%;超塑性拉伸变形激活能和应力指数分别为251.25kJ/mol、2.389 5。     

喷射沉积7075/SiCp铝基复合材料挤压变形的数值模拟

采用Deform-2D有限元软件对喷射沉积7075／SiCp铝基复合材料挤压变形进行数值模拟。模拟采用的挤压变形条件为：挤压比4-100，锭坯预热温度300-450℃，挤压杆速度2-20mm／s。结果表明：在挤压变形区内应力及温度变化剧烈，且在模子入口处均出现最大值；挤压比和挤压速度越大，应力越大，温度效应也越显著。喷射沉积7075／SiCp铝基复合材料最佳挤压条件为：锭坯预热温度350-400℃、挤压比16-50、挤压杆速度5～15mm／s。数值模拟结果和工艺实验测量值吻合较好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。