细胞培养用温度敏感凝胶的合成与性能研究

用丙烯酸（ARc）对壳聚糖（CS）进行化学改性，合成反应中问体壳聚糖衍生物CS-ARc，进一步合成不同配比的CS-ARc与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPA）的共聚凝胶P（CS-AAc-NIPA），通过红外光谱和元素分析等表征了产物的结构和组成，并研究了P（CS—ARc-NIPA）凝胶在水中和细胞培养基中的溶胀性能．结果表明共聚凝胶在水中和培养基中均显示较好的温度敏感性．对P（CS-ARc-NIPA）共聚凝胶进行细胞培养研究发现，其表面可成功种植成纤维细胞（L929），细胞贴附生长情况良好，表明材料具有很好的细胞相容性．当环境温度降低后，共聚凝胶发生疏水．亲水变化，导致其表面细胞自动脱附，从而避免了使用酶解法脱附细胞造成的细胞功能损伤．’     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成及温敏性

温度敏感性高分子聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)在水溶液中有较低临界溶解温度(LCST)。文中采用两种新型温度敏感性单体甲基四氢呋喃丙烯酰胺(THFAA)和甲基四氢呋喃甲基丙烯烯酰胺(THFMA),均聚合成了亲水性较好且其LCST高于PNIPAAm的两种聚合物。用THFAA,THFMA与PNIPAAm进行自由基共聚合,研究了共聚物的组成对共聚物较低临界溶解温度的影响。结果表明,两种温度敏感性单体共聚能有效地改变共聚物的LCST,通过改变聚合时两种单体的摩尔配比制备共聚物P(NIPAAm-co-THFAA)及P(NIPAAm-co-THFMA),可以实现LCST的可控调节。     

疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶的制备及在表面活性剂溶液中的性能

采用水溶液和水溶液胶束自由基聚合方法分别制备了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶(PNIPA)和疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶：聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-co-丙烯酸甲酯(MA)／丙烯酸乙酯(EA)／丙烯酸丁酯(BA)／丙烯酸十二酯(DA)水凝胶。研究了凝胶的微观结构及不同结构的水凝胶在表面活性剂溶液中的溶胀行为。结果表明,PNIPA与疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶有着不同的微观形态结构;与PNIPA水凝胶相比,疏水改性PNIPA水凝胶在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十六烷基三甲溴化铵(CTAB)水溶液中的溶胀率增大,温敏性增强。疏水改性水凝胶在溶液中的溶胀行为与凝胶化学结构、溶液组成有关。对于疏水改性丙烯酸酯-NIPA共聚水凝胶,其溶胀率随丙烯酸酯碳链长度的增加而降低,在SDS溶液中的相转变温度远比CTAB溶液中的高,突变温度区间更宽。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的微波合成与性能

以水为溶剂,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis)为交联剂,分别通过微波合成法和水浴加热法制备了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)水凝胶,研究了交联剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度等对反应的影响,及PNIPAM水凝胶在不同温度和pH值下的溶胀性变化。研究结果表明,与水浴加热法相比,微波合成法缩短了反应时间,从10h缩减至1h左右;适当延长反应时间和提升反应温度有利于提高单体转化率。微波法合成PNIPAM的最佳条件为:H2O为溶剂,100℃~110℃反应40 min~60 min,交联剂m(Bis)/m(NIPAM)=5/100,单体转化率97%~98%。而且,微波合成法制备的水凝胶具有更显著的温度和pH敏感性能。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/粘土纳米水凝胶的合成及性能

在制成钠基粘土的基础上，对粘土进行了改性，并把改性后的粘土分散在N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的水溶液中在室温下聚合，结果表明这种水凝胶具有较好的温度响应性和快速的相转变特性，而加入15％粘土的水凝胶的溶胀比和温度响应性能均大大提高。用X射线衍射分析表明此水凝胶是纳米复合物。     

快速响应的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的合成及性能

以羧甲基纤维素的水溶液为反应介质制备了快速响应的温度敏感性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶。利用DSC对其相转变温度进行了表征,并测定了不同温度下达到平衡时水凝胶的溶胀比,研究了水凝胶的去溶胀动力学。结果表明,在聚合/交联过程中羧甲基纤维素的存在对PN IPA水凝胶的相转变温度几乎没有影响;与传统水凝胶相比,该水凝胶的溶胀性能有所提高,并且具有较快的响应速率。     

PNIPA纳米凝胶的性能表征与分子力学模拟

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)为聚合单体,分别采用连续和间歇方式无皂乳液聚合法制备了单分散性良好且粒径可精确控制的PNIPA纳米凝胶。用原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电镜(TEM)等方法对纳米凝胶的结构、形貌和粒径及其分布进行了表征,用分子力学模拟法研究了纳米凝胶的分子链发生体积相转变前后分子构象的变化。结果表明,PNI-PA纳米凝胶的粒径随交联剂和乳化剂含量的增加而逐渐减小,连续式制备的PNIPA纳米凝胶比间歇式纳米凝胶的平均粒径小,PNIPA纳米凝胶的较低临界溶解温度(LCST)在32℃左右,PNIPA纳米凝胶分子链在LCST以上严重卷曲,在纳米凝胶分子链中存在很强的非键作用力。     

PNIPA/PEG多孔智能水凝胶的辐射合成与性能研究

采用辐射法合成了一系列具有合适相变温度和快速响应性能的PNIPA/PEG多孔智能水凝胶,用红外光谱分析了水凝胶的结构,并测定了水凝胶的溶胀动力学、平衡溶胀率和退溶胀动力学,研究了辐射剂量和成孔剂分子量对凝胶性能的影响.结果表明,PEG分子仅在聚合交联过程中充当成孔剂,不参与反应,反应后被除去;PNIPA/PEG水凝胶的平衡溶胀率(SR)随辐射剂量的升高而减小,其最低临界相转变温度(LCST)在37℃左右,且基本不受辐射剂量的影响;溶胀性能随着PEG分子量的增大而提高.     

温度敏感葡聚糖凝胶的合成及其细胞相容性研究

合成了N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAAm）与葡聚糖的共聚水凝胶，利用红外光谱表征了单体和凝胶结构，研究了水凝胶在去离子水和细胞培养基中的温度响应性，并对凝胶进行了细胞培养和脱附研究．结果表明，共聚凝胶具有很好的温度敏感性和细胞相容性，可以通过控制温度变化，实现对细胞的无损伤脱附．     

羧甲基纤维素钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及溶胀性能

制备了具有温度、pH双重敏感特性的羧甲基纤维素钠／聚（N-异丙基丙烯酰胺）的半互穿网络水凝胶（CMC／PNIPAAm semi—IPN）。研究了温度、pH对该凝胶溶胀度的影响。结果表明,在酸性（pH=1．0）和弱碱性（pH=7．4）条件下,semi—IPN凝胶溶胀度均随着温度的升高而下降,但在pH=1．0时,semi-IPN凝胶的溶胀度小于PNIPAAm凝胶的溶胀度;在pH-7．4时,结果正好相反。20℃时,该凝胶有良好的pH敏感性;而37℃时,敏感性不明显。同时对该凝胶的消溶胀动力学进行了研究,结果发现,试凝胶的消溶胀速率随着凝胶中CMC组分含量的增加而增大。     

载微球纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合多孔支架的制备与表征

首先通过乳化法合成海藻酸钠/壳聚糖(ALG/CS)复合微球,然后将其与纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖H(n-HA/CS)复合材料混合均匀,用气体发泡法制备了载微球复合组织工程支架.并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(IR)以及转靶X射线仪(XRD)等方法对该载微球多孔支架进行分析和表征.结果表明:n-HA/CS复合材料中无机相均匀分散在连续有机基质中,复合前后两组分均未发生明显变化;制备的载微球多孔支架中孔隙分布均匀,孔间贯通性良好,孔隙率较高;而其中的微球均呈球状,直径分布在150～350μm之间;微球表面粗糙且有大量微孔,载药后将利于药物的释放;微球在整个支架中分布均匀,而且与n-HA/CS基体材料间亲和性较高.本研究将为骨或软骨缺损提供一种性能优良且具有药物缓释功能的组织工程支架.     

壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石复合骨折内固定棒材的制备与性能研究

采用原位沉析法制备了壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石(CS/HA)复合棒材.用预先沉积的壳聚糖膜将含有Ca、P源的壳聚糖溶液与凝固液隔离,同时控制壳聚糖沉积与羟基磷灰石前驱体转化为羟基磷灰石的过程,使二者得以均匀复合.燃烧试验结果表明无机成分均匀分散于壳聚糖中,FT-IR、XRD和TEM测试证实原位生成羟基磷灰石,弯曲强度测试结果表...     

AWJ machinability performance of CS/UPR composites with the effect of chemical treatment

This work focuses on the effect of chemical treatment of coconut sheath/unsaturated polyester (CS/UPR) composite on the performance of abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM). Two different chemical treatments, namely alkali (NaOH) and trichlorovinylsilane, were imposed on the CS fiber. Further, the induced compressive strength arising as a result of AWJM was studied along the radial and depth directions of the composite. Experimental results revealed significantly lower induced stress at all points compared to the ultimate stress of CS/UPR composites except the free-edge loading condition. The chemically treated composites also exhibited inconsistent results in the machining characteristics such as kerf taper angle (T_a) and surface roughness (R_a) under varying cutting conditions. However, no direct correlation was seen between interfacial adhesion and T_a and R_a of the cutting zone. The maximum decrease of 12% of T_a and 22% of R_a was found for silane-treated composites compared to the untreated ones. In addition, the composite failure mechanisms such as fiber pullout, fiber breakage, interfacial debonding, matrix failure, and voids were identified in the cutting surfaces through scanning electron microscopy analysis.     

Preparation and mechanical characterization of a PNIPA hydrogel composite

A poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogel was synthesized by free radical polymerization and reinforced with a polyurethane foam to make a hydrogel composite. The temperature dependence of the elastic modulus of the PNIPA hydrogel and the composite due to volume phase transition was found using a uniaxial compression test, and the swelling property was investigated using an equilibrium swelling ratio experiment. The gel composite preserves the ability to undergo the volume phase transition and its elastic modulus has strong temperature dependence. The temperature dependence of the elastic modulus and swelling ratio of the gel composite were compared to the PNIPA hydrogel. Not surprisingly, the modulus and swelling ratio of the composite were less dramatic than in the gel.     

明胶/硫酸钙复合生物材料

将具有传骨性的生物可吸收无机材料硫酸钙与具有诱骨性的明胶组合起来,构制新型可吸收复合生物材料。该材料可避免硫酸钙颗粒的脱落,可以作为骨填充物或支架材料。明胶的加入减缓了半水硫酸钙向二水硫酸钙的转化,形成了CSH/CSD/CLG e l复合材料。在该复合材料表面培养了人成骨细胞,细胞在支架表面粘附良好,可见该支架和细胞有较好的生物相容性。硫酸钙吸收后形成一可供细胞生长的多孔支架,所以明胶/硫酸钙(CLG e l/CS)复合材料实为原位成孔支架材料,解决了多孔支架材料初期强度低的致命弱点。     

Radiation synthesis of PVP/alginate hydrogel containing nanosilver as wound dressing

Hydrogels with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and alginate were synthesized and silver nanoparticles were incorporated in hydrogel network using gamma radiation. PVP (10?and 15?%) in combination with 0.5?and 1?% alginate was gamma irradiated at different doses of 25?and 40?kGy. Maximum gel percent was obtained with 15?% PVP in combination with 0.5?% alginate. The fluid absorption capacity for the PVP/alginate hydrogels was about 1881–2361?% at 24?h. Moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR) of hydrogels containing nanosilver at 24?h was 278.44?g/(m²h). The absorption capacity and moisture permeability of the PVP/alginate–nanosilver composite hydrogel dressings show the ability of the hydrogels to prevent fluid accumulation in exudating wound. The hydrogels containing nanosilver demonstrated strong antimicrobial effect and complete inhibition of microbial growth was observed with 70?ppm nanosilver dressings. PVP/alginate hydrogels containing nanosilver with efficient fluid handling capacity and antimicrobial activity was found suitable for use as wound dressing.     

Radiation induced synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles

Capped copper nanoclusterswere successfully synthesized by gamma radiolysis method by optimizing various conditions like metal ion concentration, polymer or surfactant concentration and pH. The increasing amount of capping agent was responsible for decrease in size as small as 17 nm of the metal clusters. The radiolytic method provides copper nanoparticles in fully reduced and highly pure state compared to other synthetic routes. Formation of copper nanoclusters (FCC) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction technique. UV-vis spectrophotometry was employed to examine changes in plasmon resonance absorption peaks of copper metal. The purity of copper particles was further confirmed by electron spin resonance studies. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed the particle size distribution from 17 to 80 nm. Electron diffraction pattern confirms FCC copper phase. The role of various parameters in the formation of stable copper clusters is discussed.     

羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白/壳聚糖多孔支架的制备及性能研究

通过共滴定法合成工艺制备出羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白粉体,以制备的羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白粉体为原料,选用冷冻干燥成型技术,制备羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白/壳聚糖复合多孔支架材料.研究结果表明:通过X射线衍射分析和透射电镜分析,羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白纳米粉体中羟基磷灰石晶粒是针状的弱结晶的晶体,与天然骨中的纳米羟基磷灰石晶粒相近;羟基磷灰石/胶原蛋白/壳聚糖复合多孔支架的抗压强度、孔隙率、平均孔径可达到骨组织工程支架材料的要求,是由有机-无机三相复合、具有三维多孔结构、又有良好机械性能的具有发展潜力的骨支架材料.