萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物在灭幼脲界面的吸附特性研究

利用残余质量浓度法、ζ电位测定和IR法研究了萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物分散剂在灭幼脲颗粒界面的吸附量、吸附状态、ζ电位、吸附作用力等性能。分析认为,萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物分散剂在灭幼脲颗粒界面吸附后具有静电排斥和空间位阻双重作用,这对维持灭幼脲水悬浮剂的分散稳定性具有重要意义。     

三聚磷酸钠对水煤浆分散剂性能的影响

针对煤粉中含有的高价金属离子会降低水煤浆的成浆性问题,采用了三聚磷酸钠作为金属离子调节剂与几种阴离子型分散剂复配后,进一步提高分散降黏性能.通过测定分散剂在煤粒表面的吸附量、Zeta电位及吸附层厚度,揭示了三聚磷酸钠对脂肪族分散剂(SAF)、木质素系分散剂(GCL3S)及萘系分散剂(FDN)的分散协同增效作用机理.结果表明,三聚磷酸钠与SAF复配同时增加了煤粒之间的静电排斥力和空间位阻,使分散剂在煤粒表面的Zeta电位和吸附层厚度均增大;与GCL3S复配主要增加了煤粒之间的静电排斥作用;对FDN是通过增加分散剂在煤粒之间的空间位阻效应,促进分散降黏性能的提高.     

改性木质素磺酸钠水煤浆分散剂的合成及性能表征

以造纸黑液为原料,丙酮和甲醛为改性剂,通过磺化、缩合反应,合成了改性木质素磺酸钠(MLS),并通过Zet a电位、红外光谱和紫外-可见光分光光度测定等方法,对MLS分散剂、萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物分散剂(NSF)和脂肪族分散剂(SAF)与低阶煤混合制浆的成浆浓度、流变性、分散剂在煤颗粒表面吸附量、吸附构型以及吸附稳定性进行了研究,确定了最佳的合成条件和分散剂用量。结果表明:MLS分散剂的最佳合成条件为改性剂nNa_2SO_3∶n丙酮为0. 7∶1、磺化时间90 mi n、缩合时间5 h、缩合温度90℃;分散剂添加量0. 5%时,煤样对MLS吸附速率最快,饱和吸附量为4. 52 mg/g,比NSF和SAF高0. 39 mg/g和0. 91 mg/g,且其吸附速率常数比NSF和SAF大;最佳分散剂合成条件下制成的煤浆,最大定黏质量分数达65%以上。     

分散剂对纳米TiO2悬浮液稳定性的影响

选择不同的有机物为分散剂分别对纳米TiO2粒子进行了表面改性。通过采用重力沉降法、Zeta电位法等表征了其分散效果,研究了纳米TiO2悬浮液在不同PH值下的分散行为。结果表明:纤维素能使纳米TiO2悬浮稳定性明显提高。在纳米TiO2悬浮液中,纳米TiO2粉体表面的Zeta电位同水溶液的平衡PH有很大关系。提高颗粒表面电位(Zeta电位)是改善粉体分散体系稳定性的有效途径。     

聚羧酸盐分散剂的亲疏水性对农药分散性能影响

[目的]研究聚羧酸盐分散剂的亲疏水性对农药分散性能影响。[方法]使用合成的不同亲疏水单体比例的甲基丙烯酸苯乙烯共聚钠盐(SSMA)作为分散剂制备莠去津悬浮液。使用TURBISCAN LAB稳定性分析仪、激光粒度仪、Zeta电位仪分别测定莠去津悬浮液的稳定性、平均粒径、Zeta电位,使用紫外-可见分光光度计测定SSMA在莠去津颗粒表面的吸附量。[结果]使用亲油(St)亲水(MAA)单体比例为1∶3的SSMA制备的莠去津悬浮液稳定性最好。莠去津悬浮液的Zeta电位值及SSMA在莠去津颗粒表面的吸附量均随SSMA中亲水单体(MAA)比例的增加而降低。[结论]聚羧酸盐分散剂的亲疏水性主要通过影响分散剂在农药颗粒表面的吸附量以及提供的静电斥力来影响农药悬浮液的稳定性。     

MgO超细颗粒水分散体系的稳定性研究

研究了影响MgO颗粒在水介质中的分散稳定性的因素,并通过降沉实验和测定颗粒的Zeta电势、颗粒粒度以及分散剂在颗粒/水界面的吸附等温线等来解释相关机理。研究发现,阴离子表面活性剂SDS和阳离子表面活性剂CTAB能够吸附在颗粒/水界面,提高颗粒表面的Zeta电势,增加颗粒间静电排斥效应,从而阻碍颗粒间发生絮凝,提高体系的分散稳定性。而阳离子高分子聚合物聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)在颗粒表面形成多点吸附,从而阻碍其它PEI分子在颗粒表面的吸附,对MgO微粒分散体系的稳定性贡献较小。     

纳米Cu分散稳定性能影响因素及作用机理研究

鉴于粉体分散对纳米流体强化传热具有重要意义,通过测定纳米Cu-水悬浮液的Zeta电位和吸光度,探讨了不同pH值、不同分散剂种类及质量分数对纳米Cu-水悬浮液分散稳定性的影响,并分析其作用机理。结果表明:Zeta电位绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,Zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,则体系分散稳定性越好;pH值、分散剂种类及加入量是影响纳米Cu-水悬浮液分散稳定性的主要因素。pH值为9.5左右时,体系Zeta电位绝对值和吸光度较高,相应分散稳定性较好。CTAB和SDBS能显著提高水溶液中Cu表面Zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒间静电排斥力,改善了悬浮液稳定性,而TX-10通过空间位阻在颗粒表面形成良好的水化膜,提高了Cu在水溶液中的分散稳定性。在质量分数为0.1%的纳米Cu-水悬浮液中,TX-10,CTAB,SDBS 3种分散剂加入质量分数分别为0.43%,0.05%,0.07%时,均能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系。     

利用多重光散射法对纳米TiO2水分散体系稳定性研究

通过多重光散射法研究了纳米TiO2水分散体系稳定性的影响因素。文章探讨了分散剂类型、pH和NaCl质量浓度对水分散体系稳定性的影响规律以及分散剂对纳米TiO2颗粒在水分散液中粒径变化、沉降的微观作用特性。结果表明：纳米TiO2颗粒的粒径在100～200 nm时易相互吸附团聚沉降,分散剂会在纳米TiO2颗粒表面吸附形成双电层,产生更大Zeta电位负值,增强颗粒间的排斥作用,减缓粒径增长和发生沉降的作用,从而提升分散液稳定性;纳米TiO2颗粒的较佳分散条件为：w(六偏磷酸钠)=0.05%,pH=9～10且不加电解质NaCl;多重光散射法与传统的吸光度测试实验所得结果基本相符。     

羧甲基化碱木质素对农药的吸附分散作用机理

为了揭示羧甲基化碱木质素CML较磺化碱木质素(SAL)对农药具有更好分散性能的原因,测定了CML和SAL的亲水基含量、相对分子质量及纯水在木质素涂层的接触角,发现CML的亲水性弱于SAL。对比了两种木质素分散剂在多菌灵颗粒上的吸附等温线,发现CML的吸附量比SAL大,并采用Langmuir、Freundlich方程进行拟合,可知CML的吸附能力大于SAL,说明木质素与农药之间的吸附可能以疏水吸附为主。进一步采用Gaussian模拟计算木质素分散剂与多菌灵的π-π吸附作用力,结果表明羧甲基化碱木质素更易与农药形成稳定π-π作用,进一步促进吸附。亲水性较弱的CML由于与农药具有更强的吸附亲和力,因而吸附量大,对农药颗粒Zeta电位的提高更大,从而具有更好的分散性能。     

利用多重光散射法研究纳米TiO_2水分散体系稳定性

通过多重光散射法研究了纳米Ti O_2水分散体系稳定性的影响因素。探讨了分散剂类型、p H和Na Cl质量浓度对水分散体系稳定性的影响规律以及分散剂对纳米Ti O_2颗粒在分散液中粒径变化、沉降的微观作用特性。结果表明:纳米Ti O_2颗粒的粒径在100~200 nm时易相互吸附团聚沉降,分散剂会在纳米Ti O_2颗粒表面吸附形成双电层,产生更大的Zeta电位负值,增强颗粒间的排斥作用,减缓粒径增长和颗粒沉降,从而提升分散液的稳定性;纳米Ti O_2颗粒的较佳分散条件为:w(六偏磷酸钠)=0.05%,p H=9~10且不加电解质Na Cl;多重光散射法与传统的吸光度测试实验所得结果基本相符。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.