工艺因素对SLA原型表面化学镀铜速率的影响

化学镀铜可以作为SLA原型装饰防护或快速模具制造的表面处理方法。为优化化学镀铜工艺,考察了硫酸铜、还原剂、配位剂和添加剂以及温度和pH值等工艺因素对SLA原型表面化学镀铜速率的影响。结果表明:硫酸铜、pH值和乙二胺四乙酸二钠对镀铜速率的影响最大,而添加剂可以明显改善沉积铜层的质量和镀液的稳定性。综合考虑镀铜速率和镀液稳定性,得出了SLA原型表面化学镀铜的优化工艺。     

金刚石化学镀铜工艺研究

介绍了金刚石化学镀铜工艺流程、工艺配方。研究了不同络合剂体系对镀液稳定性以及不同预处理方法对化学镀铜层表面形貌的影响。探讨了硫酸铜质量浓度、络合剂物质的量之比和不同pH下甲醛质量浓度对金刚石表面沉积铜速率的影响。结果表明:使用胶体钯敏化活化能显著提高金刚石表面镀铜质量,多元络合剂的加入可以增加镀液的稳定性。获得了化学镀铜最佳工艺条件:CuSO4·5H2O15g/L,甲醛(w(HCHO)=36%)15g/L,酒石酸钾钠14g/L,EDTA14.6g/L,NaOH适量,二联吡啶0.02g/L,亚铁氰化钾0.01g/L,温度(43±0.5)°C,pH=12.5。采用此工艺在金刚石颗粒表面获得了良好的镀铜层。     

PET及PVC基材表面化学镀铜研究

采用AgNO_3取代传统的活化剂PdCl_2,改进PET及PVC基材表面化学镀铜预处理过程,开展了PET和PVC基材表面化学镀铜的比较研究。重点考察了化学镀铜温度和pH等操作工艺条件以及化学镀铜液中主盐和还原剂含量对镀铜效果的影响。结果表明:PET和PVC的镀铜增重率均随温度升高先增大而后减小,PET和PVC的最佳镀铜温度分别为70℃和75℃,二者镀铜的最佳pH值分别为12和11;PET和PVC镀铜时化学镀铜液中硫酸铜的最佳质量浓度均为15 g/L;PET镀液中甲醛的最佳用量为15 ml/L,PVC镀液中甲醛的最佳用量为20 ml/L。采用SEM测试对比考察了PET和PVC镀铜层表面和切面的形态形貌,结果表明,在相同化学镀条件下,PET基材表面的化学镀铜效果明显优于PVC。     

ABS塑料化学镀铜工艺

介绍了ABS塑料表面化学镀铜的工艺流程,讨论了粗化温度和时间、敏化和活化时间、硫酸铜质量浓度、甲醛体积浓度、酒石酸钾钠质量浓度、镀液温度和镀液pH对镀层质量以及化学镀铜沉积速率的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件为15~20g/L硫酸铜、15mL/L甲醛、14g/L酒石酸钾钠,镀液温度为323K,镀液的pH为11~12。扫描电镜表明,所得镀层均匀、光亮,结合力好。     

亚氨基二乙酸为络合剂的新型化学镀铜研究

本文以亚氨基二乙酸为络合剂,次磷酸钠为还原剂,在酸性条件下研究了镀液组成对化学镀铜沉积速率和镀液稳定性的影响。结果表明:化学镀铜的沉积速率随着温度、硫酸铜浓度和次磷酸钠浓度的增加而升高,随着亚氨基二乙酸浓度和镀液pH的增加而降低。极化曲线试验结果表明:随着镀液pH的降低,阴极还原峰电位正移,峰电流密度增大,加速了铜络离子的还原,提高了化学镀铜的沉积速率。采用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观察了镀层形貌。     

次磷酸钠和甲醛为还原剂的化学镀铜工艺对比

比较并评价了以甲醛和以次磷酸钠为还原剂的化学镀铜工艺。结果表明,次磷酸钠镀铜液的稳定性高于甲醛镀铜液,次磷酸钠镀液的沉积速率高于甲醛镀液。以甲醛为还原剂的镀层晶粒细小,而以次磷酸钠为还原剂的镀层呈团粒状。甲醛镀铜层铜的质量分数接近100%,次磷酸钠镀铜层中铜的质量分数为93.9%,镍的质量分数为6.1%,镀层为铜-镍合金。以甲醛为还原剂的化学镀铜层的电导率、抗拉强度、延伸率等物理性能均优于次磷酸钠化学镀铜层。     

离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐对化学镀铜的影响

在甲醛化学镀铜镀液中加入离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,研究了对化学镀铜的影响。结果表明,随着离子液体质量浓度的增大,化学镀铜溶液的沉积速率降低,铜层晶粒细化,电阻增加。环境扫描电镜和X-射线衍射观察测试表明,镀层表面分布均匀,且在铜(111)晶面成核的趋势增加。电化学测试表明,随着离子液体质量浓度的增大,阳极氧化峰电位负移,氧化峰电流密度减小,进一步显示ρ(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐)对甲醛化学镀铜溶液沉积速率有抑制作用。     

ABS塑料化学镀铜研究

采用工业级化工原料进行ABS塑料化学镀铜。研究了镀液组成、五水硫酸铜浓度、甲醛浓度、pH值等因素对镀铜的质量、外观、均匀度与结合度的影响。结果表明,镀铜的最佳工艺条件为:五水硫酸铜12 g/L、甲醛(36%～38%)16 mL/L、酒石酸钾钠60 g/L、七水硫酸镍1.2g/L,化学镀铜的pH大约在11～12,温度为303～313 K,时间为25～30 min。     

金刚石颗粒化学镀铜工艺优化

以KBH4为还原剂、CuSO4为氧化剂,对金刚石颗粒进行化学镀铜。研究了pH、亚铁氰化钾含量、甲醇以及镀覆时间对镀液稳定性和化学镀铜沉积速率的影响。利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪表征了镀铜金刚石颗粒的成分、表面形貌和晶粒大小。结果表明,采用硼氢化钾体系能够在金刚石颗粒表面镀覆晶粒细小(约35 nm)且较薄(约210 nm)的铜层。pH对镀液稳定性的影响较大:随着pH的升高,镀液稳定性显著增强;但pH过高会降低沉积速率,且不利于镀层增厚。亚铁氰化钾具有整平铜层和细化晶粒的作用,而甲醇能抑制副反应,提高沉积速率,两者联用能够保证镀液稳定性和镀层表面质量。     

陶瓷基上化学镀铜

为提高化学镀铜液的稳定性,在化学镀铜液中加入亚铁氰化钾和a,a′-联吡啶作为添加剂,研究了温度与陶瓷基体上化学镀铜沉积速度的关系,计算出铜沉积的活化能。当镀液中含有亚铁氰化钾或a,a′-联吡啶时,铜沉积活化能提高,铜沉积速率降低,镀铜层外观及镀液稳定性均得到改善。此外,镀液中同时含有亚铁氰化钾和a,a′-联吡啶时,镀液、镀层性能得到进一步提高。     

化学镀铜溶液中稳定剂与铜沉积速率的关系

研究了化学镀铜溶液中稳定剂对铜沉积速率的影响,着重考虑主配位剂、副反应的抑制剂、甲醛捕获剂对化学镀铜的影响。结果表明,在基本配方8 g/L CuSO4.5H2O,3 g/L HCHO2,8 g/L EDTA7,.5 g/L NaOH,工艺参数pH=12.5,温度50℃,时间40 min的基础上,各种稳定剂的适宜用量为6 mL/L CH3OH、8 mg/L K4Fe(CN)6、6 mg/L 22,’-bipy。在最佳工艺下得到的镀层外观红亮,表面平整,晶粒细致,化学镀铜液稳定。     

乙醛酸化学镀铜工艺

研究了以乙醛酸为还原剂的化学镀铜工艺、镀层结构和形貌。其镀液组成和操作条件为:28.0 g/L CuSO4.5H2O,44.0 g/L EDTA-2Na,10.0 mg/Lα,α’-联吡啶,10.0 mg/L亚铁氰化钾,9.2 g/L乙醛酸,pH为11.5～12.5,θ为40～50℃。实验结果表明,化学镀铜溶液较稳定;镀液温度和硫酸铜质量浓度提高,铜沉积速率增大;较高的镀液温度下,化学镀铜反应的活化能较低,镀液稳定性下降;镀液pH在11.5～12.5可获得较好的铜镀层;随乙醛酸和络合剂质量浓度提高,铜沉积速率变化不大,但过量的乙醛酸导致镀液的稳定性降低;铜镀层为面心立方混晶结构,呈光亮的粉红色块状形貌,有较高的韧性。     

Long-term stability of Cu/Pd nanoparticles and their feasibility for electroless copper deposition

Poly-vinylpyrrodione (PVP) protected Cu/Pd nanoparticles synthesized with citric complexing agent were developed as activator for electroless copper deposition in printed-circuit boards (PCBs) industry. Cu/Pd nanoparticles in different molar ratio were employed in electroless copper deposition and found that the catalytic activity was influenced not only by the amount of Pd content or particle size but also by the surface protected PVP layer. From the time-resolved electroless copper deposition, we suggested that the catalytic efficiency should be evaluated by both initial activity and the structure of deposited copper film. As a result, the Cu/Pd nanoparticles of molar ratio = 1/2 was found to have best catalytic activity which was comparable to traditional Pd/Sn or pure Pd activator. In regard to the most concerned stability issue of Cu-content system, a surprising slow galvanic corrosion of Cu was found when Cu/Pd nanoparticles were exposed to the open air. Besides, slightly oxidation of Pd was found after air-exposure. Surprisingly, these Cu/Pd colloids maintain part of activity and well suspension even after 6-month exposure, suggesting well long-term stability as activator. In short, Cu/Pd nanoparticles synthesized with citric complexing agent with high catalytic activity and long-term stability was a promising activator for electroless copper deposition.     

2-巯基苯并噻唑对化学镀铜的影响

以甲醛为还原剂,研究了2-巯基苯并噻唑(2-MBT)对ABS塑料化学镀铜沉积速率、铜镀层表面形貌、纯度、平整度及晶型的影响.化学镀铜的工艺条件为:CuSO4·5H2O 10g/L,EDTA-2Na30g/L,HCHO3mL/L,PEG-10002mg/L,2-MBT0～2mg/L,温度70℃或40℃,pH 12.5,时...     

Electroless deposition of copper in acidic solutions using hypophosphite reducing agent

A new bath formulation was developed, which allowed deposition of copper-rich Cu–Ni–P alloys in electroless acidic solutions in the absence of formaldehyde. The reducing agent was sodium hypophosphite. Though cupric ions do not catalyse the oxidation of hypophosphite, we show that, in the presence of a low concentration of Ni(II) species, it is possible, even at low pHs, to induce the reduction of the cupric species. A very strong preferential deposition of copper was observed, which gives Cu–Ni–P layers with copper content up to 97 wt%. The phosphorus content decreased from 13% to 1% with increasing copper content. The plating rate decreased when the copper sulfate concentration in the solution increased. It increased with increasing pH or temperature, but the influence was less pronounced than in alkaline solutions. Compact layers were obtained with a nodular morphology which did not markedly changed with composition.     

稀土铈对化学镀Co-Fe-B合金工艺的影响

研究了稀土元素铈对化学镀Co-Fe-B合金工艺的影响.在正交试验的基础上以称重法分析了稀土元素铈加入前后主盐、还原剂、络合剂、缓冲剂等对沉积速率的影响.结果表明,在稀土元素铈加入后,化学镀Co-Fe-B合金的沉积速率有不同程度的提高,并结合镀层质量,得出化学镀Co-Fe-B合金最佳镀覆工艺.     

影响化学镀铜液稳定性和镀速的因素

研究了影响化学铜镀速和镀液稳定性的诸因素,并根据实验确定了适宜的化学镀铜液配方及其工艺。硫铜,甲醛,氢氧化钠含量的增加均会提高化学镀铜的镀速,降低镀液稳定性;     

Solution equilibrium characteristics of electroless copper deposition on thermally-activated palladium-catalysed polyimide substrates

Solution equilibrium characteristics of two electroless copper baths containing EDTA and tartrate as the complexing agents were studied as functions of pH. Equilibrium diagrams were constructed for both Cu-tartrate and Cu-EDTA systems. It was determined that copper is chiefly complexed as Cu2L2 in acidic conditions and as Cu(OH)2L2–4 in alkaline conditions in the tartrate bath, and as CuA–2 in the EDTA bath, where L and A are the complexing tartrate and EDTA ligands, respectively. Electroless copper deposition rates were studied from a tartrate bath on thermally activated palladium-catalysed polyimide substrates as functions of copper and formaldehyde concentrations, and pH.     

施镀工艺参数对化学镀沉积速率的影响

各种工艺参数对化学镀沉积速度影响的研究是化学镀中的关键问题之一，文献尚无系统的研究，本文全面总结研究了金属盐浓度，还原剂浓度，络合剂浓度，ＰＨ值，施镀温度与时间对化学镀沉积速度的影响和原因。