钛合金表面TiAlN膜层的制备

为了研究不同偏压对TiAlN薄膜性能的影响以及薄膜体系膜基硬度比随载荷的变化关系,采用多弧离子镀的方法在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备TiAlN薄膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、x 射线衍射仪、全自动显微硬度计等设备对膜层的微观组织结构和力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,TiAlN膜层由Ti2AlN(hcp)相组成.在恒定载荷条件下,体系的膜基硬度比随载荷的增加而减小.当载荷小于300g时,偏压对膜基硬度比与载荷关系曲线呈不规则影响.载荷超过300g以后,几乎没有影响.     

K438高温合金Al-Si涂层的高温氧化表面形貌分析

为提高航空发动机使用寿命,航空发动机涡轮机叶片表面均采用防护涂层技术,以提高基体合金的抗高温氧化腐蚀性能.采用热扩散的方法,在K438镍基高温合金表面制备了Al Si涂层.依据GB/T13303 91标准,对制备了Al Si涂层的K438高温合金进行了1 000℃×500h高温氧化性能试验.用XL 300FEG扫描电镜对氧化后的涂层表面进行观察分析,分析结果表明,K438高温合金表面的Al Si涂层,在高温氧化过程中已转变成连续致密的αAl2O3 氧化膜,该氧化膜无裂纹、剥落发生,可有效地阻止氧原子的渗入.涂层中Si元素的加入,能有效地阻止涂层元素与基体元素的互扩散,起到了扩散障的作用,延长了涂层的退化周期,使涂层获得了优良的抗高温氧化性能.     

Ti6Al4V钛合金微弧氧化工艺研究

采用直流稳压电源,选用3种不同PH值的碱性微弧氧化电解液,在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层;应用扫描电子显微镜分析微弧氧化膜层形貌特征。结果表明,钛合金微弧氧化膜层表面凹凸不平,带有微米级和亚微米级的孔洞,孔洞周围呈现火山丘状形貌特征;微弧氧化电解液PH值越大,火花放电时间越长;在给定电压条件下,电解液PH值越大,微弧氧化膜层厚度越大。     

电弧离子镀(Ti,Al)N涂层高温氧化形貌分析

利用电弧离子镀在1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢表面上沉积了(Ti,Al)N梯度涂层,通过用扫描电镜对700℃空气条件下氧化500h试样表面形貌分析来测定其抗高温氧化性能.分析表明:700℃条件下(Ti,Al)N涂层试样表面形成致密完整的Al2O3氧化物层,在200h以后出现少数氧化物颗粒的长大现象.分析认为(Ti,Al)N涂层优良的抗高温氧化性能是由于其特有的成分与结构所致.(Ti,Al)N为陶瓷涂层,氧化时先要发生氮化物的分解,而生成的Al2O3氧化膜不仅可以抑制O、Al等元素的扩散,也会抑制N元素的扩散,使N2在氧化反应界面处富集而降低氧分压,从而会进一步降低氧化速度,少数大氧化物颗粒的出现对涂层的高温氧化性影响甚微.     

DZ4合金渗Al-Si涂层抗高温氧化机理研究

为进一步研究航空发动机叶片耐高温腐蚀性能,采用料浆法在DZ4合金表面制备了Al-Si涂层.依据GB/T13303-91<钢的抗氧化性能测定方法>标准,对制备了Al-Si涂层和未制备Al-Si涂层的DZ4合金进行了1100℃2 300h高温氧化性能试验,用SEM、XRD对氧化后的渗层表面形貌、相组成及结构进行了分析研究.试验结果表明,DZ4合金渗Al-Si涂层的氧化动力学曲线基本遵循抛物线规律,其抗氧化性能属于完全抗氧化级.     

TiAl合金电弧喷涂Al涂层的高温氧化性能

为了提升TiAl合金的高温抗氧化能力,采用电弧喷涂工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了纯铝涂层,并分别在900℃和1 000℃进行了恒温氧化试验.通过绘制氧化动力学曲线,对比了有无涂层试样的抗氧化性能.运用SEM、EDS、EPMA和XRD分析其氧化前后涂层的微观形貌、成分组成、元素分布和相组成.结果表明：纯铝涂层均匀致密、无裂纹.在900℃空气中氧化100 h后,涂层表面形成了致密的Al₂O₃氧化膜,次表层为TiAl₃相,扩散层为TiAl₂相.在1 000℃空气中氧化100 h后,涂层表面氧化膜由Al₂O₃和少量TiO₂组成,次表层为TiAl₃相,扩散层为TiAl₂相.电弧喷涂铝涂层提高了TiAl合金的高温抗氧化能力.     

超硬磨料砂轮干式磨削Ti6Al4V合金的表面完整性研究

针对钛合金干式磨削特点,制备了金刚石和立方氮化硼(cubic boron nitride, CBN)超硬磨料砂轮,进行了与碳化硅陶瓷砂轮干式磨削Ti6Al4V合金的对比试验研究。用扫描电子显微镜、三维体视显微镜、粗糙度仪和显微硬度计对磨削工况和试样表面进行了测定。分析了磨削用量对表面粗糙度的影响,比较了3种砂轮磨削工件的表面粗糙度、表面形貌、微观组织及显微硬度。研究表明:工件表面粗糙度随着磨削深度增大而增大,随着砂轮速度的增大而减小。与绿色碳化硅陶瓷结合剂砂轮相比,CBN和金刚石超硬磨料砂轮磨削工件的表面粗糙度和变质层深度较小,表面无明显烧伤,在一定用量条件下更适合Ti6Al4V合金干式磨削加工。     

Al_(60)Mn_(13)Ti_(25)V_2金属间化合物的高温氧化行为和氧化膜的纳米压入研究

研究了不同热处理后的Al60Mn13Ti25V2合金的高温氧化行为和氧化膜的纳米力学性能.结果表明:在1000℃下,单纯均匀化热处理合金和热等静压+均匀化热处理的合金均具有良好的恒温抗氧化性能;而在900℃和1000℃条件下,热等静压+均匀化热处理合金的循环氧化性能明显优于单纯均匀化热处理合金的循环氧化性能.其原因为热等静压处理有助于消除合金内部微孔等缺陷,使合金组织的均匀化得到改善,降低氧化膜的热应力对循环氧化的影响.而纳米压入法则显示,Al60Mn13Ti25V2合金生成的氧化膜具有明显的层状结构,这与SEM观察相吻合,并讨论了氧化膜的力学特征.     

Ti表面改性Al涂层及其抗氧化性能

为了提高钛材的抗高温氧化性能,利用电弧喷涂工艺方法在工业纯钛表面制备了纯Al涂层,对喷涂态纯Al涂层分别进行炉中加热及激光重熔改性处理,以得到具有一定抗高温氧化性能的Ti-Al金属间化合物涂层.对改性处理后的试件进行了800℃/60 h的氧化试验.结果表明,经750℃/5 h炉中加热改性处理后,钛基体表面可形成厚约300μm的TiAl_3金属间化合物层,而经激光重熔改性处理后,钛基体表面形成的TiAl_3金属间化合物层较薄.经高温氧化试验后,炉中加热改性Al涂层的微观组织形貌未发生明显变化,而激光重熔改性Al涂层的微观组织形貌变化较为明显.相比于激光重熔改性处理,经炉中加热改性处理后Al/Ti试件的抗高温氧化性能更佳.     

激光重熔制备TA1表面Ni/Al复合抗高温氧化涂层

为了提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能,采用电弧喷涂和等离子喷涂方法在纯钛表面制备Ni/Al复合涂层.利用激光重熔使得Ni层与Al层发生冶金反应,对试件进行800℃ ×40 h连续氧化.根据生成的金属间化合物特征研究纯钛的高温抗氧化行为.结果表明,经过表面改性处理后Ni/Al复合涂层可以显著提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能.在激光重熔过...     

Influence of surface finish and annealing treatment on oxidation behavior of Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag alloy

The effect of surface finish and annealing treatment on the oxidation behavior of Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag (molar fraction, %) alloy was investigated at 900 and 1 000 °C, respectively in air. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted for the characterization of oxidation kinetics. The microstructures of oxide scales were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission election microscopy (TEM) techniques. Unfavorable effect of the annealing treatment on the oxidation behavior of the coating was also investigated. The results indicate that the oxidation behavior of the alloy is influenced by surface finish and annealing treatment. The oxidation rate of ground sample is lower than that of the polished alloy at 1 000 °C in air. The former forms a scale of merely Al₂O₃, and the latter forms a scale of the mixture of Al₂O₃ and TiO₂. Annealing can improve the formation of TiO₂. Foundation item: Project(2007430028) supported by the Science and Technique Foundation of Henan Educational Committee, China     

Effect of low temperature thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of TC4 alloy

The effects of low temperature thermo-mechanical treatment (LTTMT) on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy were studied by optical microscopy (OM), tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental results confirm that the strength of TC4 alloy can be improved obviously by LTTMT processing, which combines strain strengthening with aging strengthening. The effect of LTTMT on the alloy depends on the microstructure of the refined and dispersed α+β phase on the basis of high dislocation density by pre-deformation below recrystallization temperature. The tensile strength decreases with the increase of pre-deformation reduction. The optimal processing parameters of LTTMT for TC4 alloy are as follows:solution treatment at 900 ℃ for 15 min, pre-deformation in the range of 600-700 ℃ with a reduction of 35%, finally aging at 540 ℃ for 4 h followed by air-cooling.     

Corrosion resistance of Molybdenum Nitride modified Ti6Al4V alloy in HCl solution

The Mo-N surface modified layer on Ti6Al4V alloy was obtained by the plasma surface alloying technique. The structure and composition of the Mo-N modified Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy （GDOES）. The Mo-N modified layer contains Mo-N coating on subsurface and diffusion layers between the subsurface and substrate. The X- ray diffraction analysis of the Mo-N modified Ti6Al4V alloy reveals that the outmost surface of the Mo-N modified Ti6Al4V alloy is composed of phase Mo2N （fcc） and Mo2N （tetr）. The electrochemical corrosion performance of the Mo-N modified Ti6Al4V alloy in 0.5 mol/L HCl solution was investigated and compared with that of Ti6Al4V alloy. The chemical corrosion performance of the Mo-N modified Ti6Al4V alloy in boiling 37% HCl solution was investigated and compared with that of Ti6Al4V alloy. Results indicate that self-corroding electric potentials and corrosion-rate of the Mo-N modified Ti6Al4V alloy are higher than that of Ti6Al4V alloy in 0.5 mol/L HCl solution. The corrosion-rate of the Mo-N modified Ti6Al4V alloy is lower than that of Ti6Al4V alloy in boiling 37% HCl solution.     

Microstructure and abrasive wear behaviour of anodizing composite films containing Si C nanoparticles on Ti6Al4V alloy

Anodized composite films containing Si C nanoparticles were synthesized on Ti6Al4 V alloy by anodic oxidation procedure in C4O6H4Na2 electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） were employed to characterize the morphology and composition of the films fabricated in the electrolytes with and without addition of Si C nanoparticles. Results show that Si C particles can be successfully incorporated into the oxide film during the anodizing process and preferentially concentrate within internal cavities and micro-cracks. The ball-on-disk sliding tests indicate that Si C-containing oxide films register much lower wear rate than the oxide films without Si C under dry sliding condition. Si C particles are likely to melt and then are oxidized by frictional heat during sliding tests. Potentiodynamic polarization behavior reveals that the anodized alloy with Si C nanoparticles results in a reduction in passive current density to about 1.54×10-8 A/cm2, which is more than two times lower than that of the Ti O2 film（3.73×10-8 A/cm2）. The synthesized composite film has good anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties and the growth mechanism of nanocomposite film is also discussed.     

Chip formation in high speed milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under nitrogen-oil-mist

High speed milling experiments using nitrogen-oil-mist as the cutting medium were carried out to investigate the characteristics of chip formation for Ti-6Al-4V alloy.Within the range of conditions employed（cutting speed,vc=190-300 m/min;cutting depth of axial,ap=5,7 mm）,saw-tooth chips were produced in these experiments.During the macro and micro analysis of the Ti-6Al-4V chips,an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope（SEM）were used to study the microstructure and the morphology of the chips,and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）was employed for chemical analysis.Comparisons were made to study the influence of different cutting media（nitrogen-oil-mist,air-oil-mist and dry cutting condition）on chip formation.Results indicate that cutting media have significant effects on chip formation.Nitrogen-oil-mist is more suitable for improving the contact condition at chip-tool interface and increasing the tool life in high speed milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy than air-oil-mist and dry cutting.     

Effects of KMnO4 on microstructure and corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation coatings on 2024 aluminum alloy

Microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings were prepared on 2024 aluminum alloy in a Na_2SiO_3-KOH electrolyte with KMnO_4 addition varying from 0 to 4 g/L. The microstructure and phases of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The corrosion resistance of MAO coatings was evaluated by electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization in 5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution. The results show that when KMnO_4 is added into base electrolyte, the growth speed of oxide coatings is increased obviously. The main phase of oxide coatings is Al_2O_3, and the contents of MnO_2 and Mn_2AlO_4 phases are increased at the top of oxide coatings with increasing the concentration of KMnO_4. The solute elements participate in forming the oxide coatings. When a proper concentration of KMnO_4 (2.5 g/L) is added into the base solution, the micropores of the MAO coatings are small and compact, and the corrosion resistance of oxide coatings is increased largely.     

OoW冷却方式对涂层立铣刀具高速加工钛合金Ti-6Al-4V切削特性的影响

冷却方式在切削难加工材料的过程中扮演了一个非常重要的角色,例如加工钛合金.本文对一种称谓“OoW”的冷却方式在AlCrN/AlTiSiN涂层立铣刀加工钛合金Ti-6Al-4V过程中对刀具的切削特性的影响进行了研究.在不同水含量（1.5,3.0,4.5 L/h）润滑油含量（20,30,50 mL/h）和润滑剂类型（1000-20、2000-30合成酯、2000-10脂肪醇）的条件下,对刀具的磨损、切削力、切削温度、工件的表面粗糙度以及切屑形态进行了研究.实验结果表明,低水量（1.5L/h）能显著地提高刀具的切削特性.然而,润滑剂含量以及类型对刀具的切削特性影响不明显.同时,OoW冷却方式与干切、湿切、低温微量润滑3种润滑方式进行了对比.结果显示低含水量（1.5L/h） OoW冷却方式比其他3种冷却方式对刀具磨损最小、磨损率最低,同时工件的表面粗糙度也最小.这归因于OoW冷却方式融合了水的优良冷却特性和油的高润滑性.此外,冷却方式和冷却参数对切屑的形态有影响.