角反射器激光回波的角闪烁

据观测,来自角反射器的激光回波的角闪烁因大气湍流而超过了预计值。本文介绍观测情况并对可能的机理作了理论分析。实验时,采用了一台波长1.06微米脉冲式激光器来照射角反射器。观测结果,激光回波的角闪烁比基准信标大8倍。理论分析中假定照射激光光束存在相位起伏。文中推导出了闪烁角作为相位起伏参数函数的关系式。     

激光大气折射率结构常数测量实验与分析

在相距600 m的两地进行了静态激光大气传输实验,并对接收到的光强和光束到达角起伏进行记录.以每10min所记录的数据作为样本,计算出光强起伏方差和到达角起伏方差,并根据理论孔径平滑因子计算出点接收时的光强起伏方差,再分别根据光强起伏方差和到达角起伏方差计算出大气折射率结构常数.最后,得到一天之内大气折射率结构常数的变化曲线,并分析得出大气折射率结构常数在早晨和傍晚存在极小值.     

多光束照明方式对平滑光强起伏效果的影响研究

基于多光纤耦合输出半导体激光作为照明光源的主动成像系统比较了多束非相干聚焦光束和准直光束平滑光强起伏的效果,分析了两种光束受湍流引起的光束短期扩展和束心抖动的异同,为多光束照明方式提供了参考。采用相位屏近似方法模拟激光大气传输,模拟结果表明对这种主动成像系统采取准直发射方式可以有效平滑光强起伏,而聚焦发射方式则不能实现此目的。     

后向散射回波与信标光到达角起伏对比实验

介绍了后向散射回波与信标光到达角起伏的原理性比对实验.该实验通过对比的方法验证后向散射的到达角起伏是否可以反映大气湍流强度.实验结果验证了后向散射的到达角起伏可以反映大气湍流强度.并且分析了对比参数.     

湍流大气中激光束抖动频率相关函数和降雨大气中激光束到达角起伏

一、引言 激光束在洁净大气中传播时，由于湍流的影响，光束波阵面到达角将作随机起伏，光束整体将作随机抖动。这些湍流效应严重影响激光大气通信和大气参数的光学法探测，所以人们对此作了大量研究。但是，对激光束在雨和湍流同时存在时传输的到达角起伏和湍流大气中双频光束抖动相关函数研究很少．而这些问题在实际工程应用中常涉及到。     

大气湍流对激光信号传输影响的分析研究

文中介绍了激光信号通过随机大气信道时,大气湍流效应造成了光束抖动、强度起伏,光束扩展和像点抖动等现象。对强度起伏、光束漂移及扩展和相位起伏与到达角起伏进行了理论分析,并在理论分析的基础上设计了实验研究方案,最后得出了相应的实验结果。     

湍流大气中束状波的到达角起伏

本文应用“马尔柯夫近似”和光波复振幅正态分布近似,求得了同时也适用于强起伏区的束状波到达角起伏方差公式和聚焦、准直光束在弱起伏区传播时的到达角起伏方差解析式。     

由相位起伏分布推导到达角的几何方法研究

经过大气湍流的激光束,在整个接收面上会产生相位起伏,从而引起光束的到达角起伏。为了建立接收面某点处两者之间的数学关系,采用了一种几何方法,从相位起伏分布出发,构造了波前的空间几何形态,进而计算出到达角起伏分布。对该方法的可行性进行了理论分析和计算,取得了到达角起伏分方差计算值与理论值的比较结果。结果表明,用该方法计算所得的到达角起伏方差,与已知的到达角起伏统计特性符合较好。这一结果对研究经大气湍流的光束形态及统计特性是有帮助的。     

降雨大气中激光束漂移和到达角起伏研究

本文利用降雨大气中,雨滴与湍流所引起折射率起伏的相互独立性,在雨滴对光束的前向散射近轴条件下,以马尔科夫过程和delta相关条件,讨论了激光束穿过雨屏和湍流大气时,所引起的漂移和光波波阵面到达角起伏的统计特性.给出了它们的理论计算曲线.得出结论为:在降雨大气中,雨滴所引起对激光束的漂移和到达角起伏量均比同时存在的弱湍流影响要大.     

狭激光束运动所致到达角起伏概率和光强起伏统计

运用到达角起伏的马尔柯夫近似和湍流大气中传输光束的几何光学近似，导出了满足奥伦斯坦－乌伦贝克过程的到达角起伏概率密度的福克－普朗克方程，得到了与传输路程相关的到达角起伏Ｒｉｃｉａｎ分布概率密度函数，同时讨论了狭激光束到达角起伏导致的光强起伏统计问题。     

Design of a novel LED collimating element based on freeform surface

A novel element for collimating LED light is designed based on non-imaging optics. It is composed of a refraction lens and a reflector. The upper surface of the lens is freeform and calculated by geometrical optics and iterative process. The lens makes the rays in the range of 0°-45°from the optical axis collimated. The rays in the range of 45°-90°from the optical axis are collimated by the reflector. The inner surface of the reflector is parabolic with its focus located in the LED chip. The designed element is applicable to LED source of any emitting type. For a certain application, the simulation results of the designed element in Tracepro show that it has a very compact structure and good collimating performance. Just investigating the loss in the lens surfaces, this element has high light output efficiency of nearly 99%. Most lighting area radii are no more than 20 mm when the illuminated plane is 5 m away from the LED source.     

高功率二极管激光器面阵四通抽运耦合系统

高功率二极管激光器面阵连续抽运1.1mmNd:YAG薄片,采用非球面柱透镜来准直二极管激光器线阵的快轴方向,然后用两个正交的柱透镜分别对快慢轴光进行成像,在薄片上形成10mm×7mm的抽运光斑。用球面反射镜将薄片未吸收的抽运光再一次通过Nd:YAG薄片,从而达到高的吸收效率,抽运光束在薄片上快慢轴方向上的束参数积分别为640mm·mrad和540mm·mrad。用CCD测得抽运光在薄片上的光强分布较均匀,面阵经非球面柱透镜和两个柱透镜后在10mm×7mm内的耦合效率为80.5%。     

Influence of water vapor pressure fluctuations on the spectral density of millimeter wave amplitude scintillations in an absorption region

Results are presented of scintillation spectra, measured at 54.5GHz on a 4.1 km line of sight path, when the variance of the water vapour pressure fluctuations (σ_e ²) is very much greater than the variance of the temperature fluctuations (σ_T ²). The effect of σ_e ² under these conditions is established both through the experimental results and the theoretical considerations which are also presented.     

Analysis of Inner-Scale Effect on Atmosphere Scintillation for Infrared Laser Beam Propagating on Earth-Space Paths

On Earth-space paths, based on ITU-R C _n ² (h) model, by means of a modification of the Rytov method that incorporates an amplitude spatial frequency filter function under strong fluctuation conditions, considering atmospheric turbulence inner-scale, an expression is developed for the scintillation index of a visible or a near and middle infrared laser beam wave that is valid under moderate to strong irradiance fluctuations. The quantitative analyses of scintillation index are done by this analytic model for laser Gaussian collimated beam wave at visible or near and middle infrared wave band. The results agree with theoretic analysis scintillation. This scintillation model can be converted into a Gaussian beam wave model with finite inner-scale on horizontal sight paths of invariable C _n ².     

由M2参数定义的光束传输变换理论

本文推导了任意光束与M2参数有关的光腰和发散角经过薄透镜的变换规律,定义了广义的R(z),导出了广义的ABCD法则.     

A scanning spherical tri-reflector antenna with a moving flatmirror

Spherical reflector systems can achieve pattern scanning without rotation of the main reflector through the use of multiple subreflectors that can move. Also, two subreflectors can be shaped to correct for spherical aberration and to control the aperture distribution on the spherical main reflector. In a previous paper (see ibid., vol.41, p.778, no.6, 1993) we introduced a method that offers both aperture phase and intensity control and scans the main beam without an accompanying movement of the illuminated area over main reflector. The method can overcome the poor aperture utilization problem common in spherical reflector antenna systems; however, it requires motion of the entire subreflector system, including the feed, during scan. In this paper we discuss a method that does not require motion of the subreflector system during scan. This method employs a flat mirror that creates a virtual image of the subreflector system. The motion of the subreflector system in the previous design is replaced by the motion of the virtual image that is controlled by the motion of the flat mirror. The new design offers simplified mechanical motion, while maintaining beam efficiency performance comparable to that of traditional spherical tri-reflector scanning antennas, but with some sacrifice in aperture efficiency and cross-polarization performance     

在45°入射时间接测量置于空气中的介质复折射率的方法

光在45°入射时,通过置于空气中的介质表面的反射强度,可用偏振的数学描述来表达.结合光在两透明电介质分界面上的反射时的菲涅耳反射系数的复振幅rs、rp与折射介质对入射介质的介电常数ε之问有一个数学表达式:(rs-rp)/(1-rs·rp)(1-ε)/(1+ε),即可推导出介质的复数折射率表达式为:N=(rs2+1)/(rs+1)2.     

光路中使用准直透镜时应注意的一个问题

在准直光路中,经过准直透镜后,除得到一束平面波外,由于透镜前后表面的反射,还附加产生一个会聚在ｆ（ｎ － １）／２ｎ处的球面波。本文给出了理论推导和实验验证,并讨论了在全息光路中使用准直透镜时应该注意的问题     

Constant geometry split-radix algorithms

The split-radix algorithm (SR) is a highly efficient version of the successive doubling method (SD). Its application to the Fourier transform results in an algorithm that brings together the advantages of the radix 2 and radix 4 algorithms. In this work we present the generalization of the method that leads to the SR algorithm in the FFT and the implementation of a constant geometry (CG) version of it. In particular, we develop a CG algorithm of the successive doubling method that factorizes a sequence of lengthN intop sequences of lengthN/r and into (r−p)r of lengthN/r ²(r≥2, 0<p<r). After this, the method is generalized for its application to SRr, r ²,...r ^u algorithms, that is, to those based on the factorization of a sequence of lengthN intop ₁ subsequences of lengthN/r, p ₂ r of lengthN/r ²,...,p _u r ^u−1 of lengthN/r ^u (p ₁+p ₂+...+p _u =r). The results are applied to the implementation of a pipeline with identical stages and to a processor column. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science (CICYT) of Spain under project TIC-92-0942-C03.