植物精油对食品中常见有害微生物的抑菌活性研究

通过测定抑菌圈、气相熏蒸法等体外抑菌试验研究了罗勒精油、茶树油、百里香精油、丁香精油、小茴香精油、依兰油、甘牛至精油、肉桂精油、桉叶油、芫荽籽精油、香茅油、鼠尾草油、甘松精油十三种植物精油对六种食品常见有害微生物抗菌作用。结果表明:十三种植物精油均对细菌、霉菌和酵母具有一定的抑杀能力。百里香精油和肉桂精油抗菌活性最强,均表现程度不等的抗菌活性。六种供试菌种对百里香精油、肉桂精油极敏感,抑菌圈直径均大于20 mm;当两种精油空间体积浓度达到300μL/L时,两种精油对多数供试菌表现出强抑菌效果。肉桂精油与百里香精油复配后对供试菌没有表现出强的协同增效效果,部分出现相加作用和无关作用。复配精油中肉桂精油占80%时,对供试菌效果最好。     

不同植物精油对大米青霉和黑曲霉的抑菌效果

为探明部分植物精油对大米的防霉效果,选取提自蓝桉叶、薄荷、山苍子、孜然、丁香、肉桂、花椒、香茅以及迷迭香的9种精油为研究对象,以大米青霉和黑曲霉为目标菌,通过测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度、最低生长下降浓度和联合抑菌效果,以确定单一精油的抑菌效果、复配精油的协同抑菌效果及其最佳配比。结果表明,在所选9种精油中,肉桂和丁香精油对大米青霉和黑曲霉的抑菌效果最好,山苍子和蓝桉叶精油次之。在两两复配精油中,当肉桂精油与山苍子精油的比例为3:1(v/v)时,对大米青霉和黑曲霉的抑制效果最佳,其最小抑菌浓度为0.1 μL/mL,比单一精油的浓度下降了20~180倍。研究表明按适当比例复配的肉桂与山苍子复合精油是具良好应用前景的大米防霉保鲜剂。     

几种植物精油与Nisin联合抑菌性能分析

针对肉制品腐败变质的主要致病菌大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,研究乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、迷迭香、肉豆蔻及鼠尾草精油的抑菌效果,并探索三种植物精油与Nisin的复合抑菌性能。实验结果表明:Nisin较三种香辛料精油具有显著的抑菌效果,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为7.5,0.9375mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为15,0.9375mg/mL;且肉豆蔻与Nisin复配后对二者的抑菌FIC指数均为1,表现为相加作用,优于其他复合抑菌剂。     

肉桂精油复配香芹酚和百里香酚对食用畜禽有害微生物熏蒸的抗菌活性

通过测定抑菌圈直径确定肉桂精油及单离香料香芹酚和百里酚对食用畜禽有害微生物的敏感性,同时采用气相熏蒸法测定最低抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（Minimum Bacterial Concentration,MBC）。结果表明：肉桂精油及香芹酚和百里酚对食用畜禽有害微生物都具有一定的抑杀能力。肉桂精油对黑曲霉的抗菌效果优于百里香酚和香芹酚,肉桂精油对黑曲霉的MIC和MBC为62.5 μL/L,而百里香酚和香芹酚的MIC和MBC均为125 μL/L;将肉桂精油与香芹酚进行复配,复配精油对白色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉均表现出相加作用（FICI≤1）,而对白色念珠菌则表现为无关作用。通过GC-MS分析,肉桂精油的主要挥发性化学成分中相对含量较高的为肉桂醛（78.19%）、2-甲氧基肉桂醛（8.70%）。采用电子鼻分析溶剂稀释后对复配精油抑菌活性的影响,抑菌能力大小为：丙二醇稀释≈无水乙醇稀释＞未稀释＞甘油稀释＞食用油稀释。实验表明：香芹酚与肉桂精油复配可以提高肉桂精油的抗菌活性,溶剂挥发性的差异会对复配精油的抑菌活性造成不同影响,稀释复配精油时溶剂的较优选择为丙二醇。     

湘西永顺产山苍子精油成分分析与抑菌活性研究

研究湘西永顺产山苍子精油的成分分析及其抑菌活性。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取山苍子,利用气相色谱-质谱法分析山苍子精油的化学成分,选取大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白曲霉、青霉4种菌种为代表菌种,通过平板计数、最低抑菌浓度、不同热处理以及不同pH值来探讨山苍子精油的抑菌活性。结果表明:湘西永顺产山苍子精油的主要成分柠檬醛质量分数为74. 07%。其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白曲霉、青霉4种菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.88、0.94、0.94、0.47μL/mL。山苍子精油能抑制细菌和霉菌的生长。当热处理温度在40～100℃区间时,温度升高导致山苍子精油的抑菌活性下降;当pH值在3.5～7.5的范围内,pH值越小山苍子精油的抑菌效果越好。湘西永顺产山苍子精油成分分析为其开发利用提供了技术参数,通过对其抑菌活性的研究,为研发山苍子精油防腐保鲜剂提供参考,拓展其在我国生鲜食品防腐保鲜中的应用。     

18种芳香植物精油抑菌活性的比较研究

目的:研究18种芳香植物精油对5种细菌的体外抑菌活性。方法:采用滤纸片法、肉汤稀释法测定18种芳香植物精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的敏感度、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:体外抑菌活性试验中月桂、百里香、天竺葵、罗勒、依兰、香茅和马郁兰精油对5种细菌有较强的药敏活性,均为中度和高度敏感。18种芳香植物精油对5种细菌的最低MIC值均为0.49mg/mL。月桂精油、罗勒精油和马郁兰精油对肺炎克雷伯氏菌具有较强的杀菌作用,MBC值均为0.49mg/mL。结论:18种芳香植物精油对5种细菌的抑菌效果不同,其中对肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抑菌效果最好,部分精油表现出良好的抑菌和杀菌活性。     

10种植物精油对圣女果中三种致病菌抑制效果的研究

通过研究植物精油对圣女果致病菌的抑制效果,筛选出对圣女果有良好贮藏保鲜效果的植物精油。使用不同浓度的10种植物精油,采用体外熏蒸法和直接接触法,筛选出对圣女果中三种致病菌具有较强抑制效果的精油,并研究其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示植物精油对三种致病菌的体外熏蒸法优于直接接触法;肉桂精油、山苍子精油、丁香精油、牛至精油对白地霉菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.05×104、0.1×104、0.5×104、0.5×104μL/L,最低杀菌浓度分别为0.05×104、0.1×104、0.5×104、1.0×104μL/L;肉桂精油、丁香精油、牛至精油对赤霉菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.05×104、0.2×104、0.2×104μL/L,最低杀菌浓度分别为0.05×104、0.2×104、0.5×104μL/L;肉桂精油、丁香精油、牛至精油、山苍子精油对毛霉菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.1×104、0.5×104、1.0×104、1.0×104μL/L,最低杀菌浓度分别为0.1×104、0.5×104、1.0×104、1.0×104μL/L。肉桂精油、山苍子精油、丁香精油、牛至精油对白地霉菌均有较好抑制作用;肉桂精油、丁香精油、牛至精油对赤霉菌具有良好的抑菌及杀菌作用;肉桂精油、丁香精油对毛霉菌有较好抑制作用,牛至精油对毛霉菌有一定的抑菌作用,但杀菌效果不明显,山苍子精油对毛霉菌的抑菌杀菌效果最差。     

植物精油的熏蒸抗菌活性及其机理研究

本文采用平板熏蒸法测定六种植物精油在气相状态下对四种常见细菌的最低抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(Minimum Bactericidal Concentration,MBC),对效果好的精油进行复配研究并将其应用于小米椒保鲜,通过透射电镜和电导率来阐述肉桂精油熏蒸对大肠杆菌的抗菌机制。结果表明,六种精油中抑菌效果显著的是香茅精油、肉桂精油和罗勒精油,在精油浓度为0.125μL/mL时可以抑制所有的供试菌,而杀菌效果较好的是香茅精油和肉桂精油,除铜绿假单胞菌外,在精油浓度为0.125μL/mL时可杀死其余供试菌。将香茅精油、肉桂精油和罗勒精油进行复配,当三者比例为4:1:8时联合熏蒸抗菌效果最好,复配精油对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌表现出协同增效作用,而对金黄色葡萄球菌则表现为拮抗作用。GC-MS结果表明,香茅精油的熏蒸抗菌能力主要来自香茅醛、香叶醇和香茅醇;肉桂精油主要来自于肉桂醛;罗勒精油则主要来自于草蒿脑、芳樟醇。当复合精油空间浓度为0.125μL/mL时,对小米椒具有较好的防腐保鲜效果。透镜结果显示经肉桂精油熏蒸后的大...     

山苍子精油与右旋龙脑协同抗菌抗氧化作用

目的:研究山苍子精油与右旋龙脑协同抗氧化作用以及对常见食源菌的抑制作用。方法:通过K-B纸片扩散法,分析单用抑菌能力;通过平板计数法,测定其单用最小抑菌浓度(MIC)以及联用的MIC;通过清除DPPH和羟自由基的测定,研究山苍子精油与右旋龙脑协同抗氧化性。结果:在抑菌方面,复配比为2:1和3:1时,山苍子与右旋龙脑表现出协同作用,抑菌效果分别为山苍子精油单用的2～12倍,右旋龙脑的6～25倍;在抗氧化方面,复配比为3:1时,复配溶液清除DPPH和OH自由基能力增强。结论:山苍子精油与右旋龙脑存在一定的协同抗菌和抗氧化作用     

喙花姜精油体外抑菌活性及其稳定性的研究

采用微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取了喙花姜精油,用滤纸片法研究了其对5种常见肉制品致病菌和腐败菌的抑菌活性,平板涂布法测定了其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并分析了pH、温度和NaCl对精油稳定性的影响。结果表明:喙花姜精油对5种受试菌有不同的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌的MIC最低,为3.44mg/mL,铜绿假单胞菌的MIC最高,达到55mg/mL,而对大肠埃希氏菌的MBC为6.88mg/mL,对铜绿假单胞菌的MBC为110mg/mL,表明大肠埃希氏菌对喙花姜精油最敏感,喙花姜精油对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌效果相对较差。喙花姜精油在酸性条件下表现出较强的抑菌活性,pH为6到8时,5种受试菌的抑菌圈都表现出先减小后增大的趋势;喙花姜精油具有良好的热稳定性,温度对其影响不显著;NaCl可增加喙花姜精油的抑菌效果。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press